Common sense of calligraphy culture

1. What are the common cultural knowledge about calligraphy?

China's calligraphy is an ancient art of writing Chinese characters. Calligraphy has always exuded artistic charm, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Yunnan, to Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan and Lishu, and then to cursive script, regular script and running script in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties.

China's calligraphy is a unique visual art, and Chinese characters are an important factor in China's calligraphy, because China's calligraphy was produced and developed in China culture, and Chinese characters are one of the basic elements of China culture. Relying on Chinese characters is the main symbol that distinguishes China's calligraphy from other kinds of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with a brush, which has four-dimensional characteristics. It embodies the basic law of the "unity of opposites" of all things, and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of people as the main body.

2. Basic knowledge of calligraphy

On the surface, calligraphy refers to the statutes of writing.

In life, the word calligraphy has the following meanings: first, it is synonymous with a written work or the floorboard of all written works; Second, an art category generally refers to the art of writing Chinese characters. Kang Youwei said in Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang: "Tang Yan is a structure, and Song and Shang Yi Qu", from which we can see that calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty pursued the highest and most rigorous statutes, and its calligraphy achievements were also the highest in the history of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger calligraphy, their writing rules are basically the same, but they are not completely different from China's calligraphy.

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on.

For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low. The connotation of calligraphy mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Calligraphy refers to an art that uses Four Treasures of the Study as a tool to express a sense of * * *.

The particularity of tools is an important aspect of the particularity of calligraphy art, and it is an important part of calligraphy techniques to fully embody the performance of tools with the help of Four Treasures of the Study.

Without Four Treasures of the Study, there would be no calligraphy art. 2. Calligraphy art takes Chinese characters as the carrier.

The particularity of Chinese characters is another important aspect of calligraphy particularity. China's calligraphy can not be separated from Chinese characters, and the form of Chinese character stippling and the collocation of radicals are the contents that writers pay more attention to.

Different from other pinyin characters, Chinese characters are a combination of form, sound and meaning, which has strong formal significance. The so-called "six books" of the ancients refer to six methods of pictographic, fingering, comprehending, pictophonetic, transliteration and borrowing of Chinese characters, which is of great guiding significance to the analysis of Chinese character structure.

3. The background of calligraphy art is China traditional culture. Calligraphy is rooted in China traditional culture, which is the background of its existence and development.

The calligraphy theory we see today since the Han Dynasty has its own systematicness, integrity and orderliness. Calligraphy theory, like other literary theories, includes not only the technique theory of calligraphy itself, but also the aesthetic theory of calligraphy, all of which shine with the wisdom of ancient China literati.

For example, the theory of how to express the categories of "spirit, qi, bone, flesh and blood" in calligraphy, the theory of techniques such as brushwork, calligraphy and composition, and the theory of creation and evaluation all have their own systems. 4. Calligraphy art noumenon includes brushwork, word method, structure method, composition method, ink method, pen gesture and so on.

Calligraphy brushwork is the core content of its techniques. The brushwork, also known as "using a pen", refers to the pen-lifting method with a front.

Morphology, also known as "knot" and "structure", refers to the relationship of collocation, insertion, echo and avoidance. Composition, also known as "white cloth", refers to the overall layout of a word, including the handling of the relationship between words and lines.

Ink method is the method of using ink, which refers to the treatment of thick and thin dry and wet ink. Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols.

In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not only limited to the use of brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has been greatly increased.

For example, in the use of tools, there are many kinds of pens, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, spray gun branding tools, carving knives, engraving machines, and daily tools (mainly hardware and daily tools with hard texture that can be used for writing). Pigments not only use black ink blocks, inks, adhesives, chemicals, lacquered glazes, etc., but also are colorful and strange; There are too many varieties to mention one by one.

From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens to write, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; There are five main calligraphy styles in China, namely, seal script (including big seal script and small seal script), regular script (including He Jinli), official script (including regular script and regular script), running script (including running script and cursive script) and cursive script (including,, big grass and standard cursive script). Extended data:

Calligraphy is an artistic expression of the unique beauty of words in China and neighboring countries and regions deeply influenced by China culture.

Including China calligraphy, Mongolian calligraphy, * * * calligraphy and English calligraphy. His China Calligraphy is a unique traditional Chinese character art in China.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of characters and symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art.

China's calligraphy is an original performance art of the Han nationality, which is known as: poetry without words, dancing without words; Paintings without pictures, silent music, etc. Seal script seal script is a general term for big seal script and small seal script.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, 3000 years ago, is the earliest recognizable writing handed down, mainly used for divination. The brushwork is thin and powerful, with many straight lines.

There are Fang Bi, round pen and sharp pen, and there are many "hanging needles" for writing. Big seal script refers to inscriptions on bronze inscriptions, bronzes and six-country scripts, which retain the obvious characteristics of ancient hieroglyphics.

Xiao Zhuan, also known as "Qin Zhuan", is a common character in Qin State and a simplified font of Da Zhuan, which is characterized by uniform and neat glyphs and is easier to write than Wen Shu. Official script, also called Han Li [1], is a common solemn font in Chinese characters. Its writing effect is slightly flat, horizontal drawing is long, straight drawing is short, and it is rectangular, paying attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns".

Lishu originated in the Qin Dynasty and was compiled by Cheng Miao. It reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which had a great influence on later calligraphy. Calligraphy is called "Tang Kai of Han Li". For example, "Qiao Zao Confucius Temple Ritual Monument", also known as "Hanshu".

3. What is the art of calligraphy

The so-called "calligraphy" originally means the method of writing, or the law of writing.

Later, with the development of history, it became a special term, especially for calligraphy art, calligraphy works or copybooks with high artistic quality are also called "copybooks" and "copybooks".

However, people often have a one-sided view when reading calligraphy at present. One is to look at calligraphy too simply, thinking that calligraphy is writing and writing is calligraphy.

Accordingly, anyone who writes well should be a calligrapher. The other is that calligraphy is too mysterious and deified, and that calligraphy is an art and unattainable.

This view will make people daunting, timid, and think that they "have no artistic cells", so they simply stop learning. These two viewpoints only emphasize one aspect of things and ignore the other, which affects people's study of calligraphy art, in a word, affects the development of calligraphy art.

4. What are the common cultural knowledge about calligraphy?

China's calligraphy is an ancient art of writing Chinese characters. Calligraphy has always exuded artistic charm, from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Yunnan, to Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan and Lishu, and then to cursive script, regular script and running script in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties.

China's calligraphy is a unique visual art, and Chinese characters are an important factor in China's calligraphy, because China's calligraphy was produced and developed in China culture, and Chinese characters are one of the basic elements of China culture. Relying on Chinese characters is the main symbol that distinguishes China's calligraphy from other kinds of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with a brush, which has four-dimensional characteristics. It embodies the basic law of the "unity of opposites" of all things, and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of people as the main body.

5. What is the basic knowledge of calligraphy paper?

Paper is one of China's "Four Great Inventions". The original paper was made of broken wires and broken nets, with low output and poor quality.

According to the archaeological data of Baqiao area in the eastern suburb of Xi, plant fiber paper appeared in the Western Han Dynasty before Cai Lun. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun used a variety of raw materials, improved papermaking methods, and made paper with bark, hemp and other materials, which greatly improved the quality and output of paper.

Due to the widespread use of paper, Emperor Wu of Jin ordered the abolition of bamboo slips used since ancient times and replaced them with paper, which greatly increased the output and quality of paper, and new products such as rattan paper, moss paper and bamboo paper appeared. Advance history to the era of comprehensive utilization of paper.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the paper industry, and it was during this period that Xuan paper, the king of paper, came into being and flourished. Xuan paper is produced in Jingxian County, Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, so it is treated.

For thousands of years, Xuan paper has enjoyed the reputation of "longevity paper" because of its soft texture, unbreakable texture, dense texture, smooth as jade, and non-rot, and has become a necessity for bookstores in China. There are all kinds of papers in the Ming dynasty, and all the famous articles can be copied.

By the Qing Dynasty, the paper industry had developed to a certain scale, including court paper, ordinary paper, antique paper and foreign paper. The invention of paper made an indelible contribution to the prosperity and spread of culture. Even in today's popular machine-made paper, some traditional handmade papers still show their irreplaceable role and glow with unique brilliance.

6. Calligraphy knowledge

Calligraphy is an advanced art with statutes.

Focus on "statutes"! The difference between calligraphers and calligraphers is that there is "Fa" but no "Fa". One of the traditional arts.

Refers to the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush, such as seal, official, correct, line and grass. Techniques pay attention to writing, pen, stippling, structure and composition, which are closely related to traditional painting and seal cutting in China.

It has a history of more than 3,000 years, with the bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the bud; Later, Qin Zhuan, Han Li, Jin Cao, Wei Bei, Tang Kai and Song Xing were all good at winning. As a unique art of Chinese characters, extended information calligraphy naturally has certain standards.

This standard is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, whether the techniques of the works are mature. Mainly manifested in the inheritance of the ancients, whether there is a solid effort, which is the basis of the existence of the work; The second is whether it has a unique appearance.

Innovation is the soul of art, so whether a calligrapher's works have a unique look in ancient and modern times is also a key factor; Third, there is a new breakthrough in the style of the work. People are developing, and art is naturally changing, which reflects a calligrapher's own learning ability and innovative quality.

If the appearance of a work is always the same, then its artistic quality is definitely not high. References:

Baidu encyclopedia-calligraphy.

7. What are the historical materials about calligraphy?

The history of China's calligraphy has gone through a long process.

Calligraphy is a unique art in China. Although the consciousness of calligraphy art only appeared at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, calligraphy art should be at the same time as the appearance of Chinese characters. The formation of Chinese characters has gone through a long historical period.

At present, the earliest materials related to ancient Chinese characters in China are Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions in the middle and late Shang Dynasty (about 14 to 1 1 century). From the late Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's unification of China (22 1 year ago), the general trend of the evolution of Chinese characters was from complexity to simplicity.

This evolution is reflected in the evolution of fonts and glyphs. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the bronze inscriptions tended to be straight, and the folk cursive seal script developed to ancient plum in the Warring States period, which greatly weakened pictographs.

However, the artistry of calligraphy has been enriched with the development of calligraphy. China's 5,000-year splendid civilization and unparalleled rich written records have been recognized by the world. In this long and profound history, China's calligraphy and painting art reproduces this diachronic evolution process with its unique artistic form and artistic language.

In the historical evolution, calligraphy and painting, a sister art, explained the traditional cultural connotation of China with its complementarity and independence. Because the tools and materials used in the creation of books and paintings are the same.

When talking about the origin of ancient Chinese characters and paintings in China, he said: "At that time, books and paintings were the same, but there was no difference. The image system is too subtle to convey its meaning, so there are books; There is no way to see its shape, so there are paintings. " Although calligraphy and painting are homologous and comparable, their future development and changes are complementary and independent.

The formation and development of China's calligraphy art is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. So what exactly is "calligraphy"? We can understand it from its nature, aesthetic characteristics, source and unique performance.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with a brush, which has four-dimensional characteristics. It embodies the basic law of the "unity of opposites" of all things, and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of people as the main body. It develops and changes with complementary independence.

The formation and development of China's calligraphy art is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. So what exactly is "calligraphy"? We can understand it from its nature, aesthetic characteristics, source and unique performance.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with a brush, which has four-dimensional characteristics. It embodies the basic law of the "unity of opposites" of all things, and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of people as the main body. Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Shang Dynasty (Zhu Niu painted his bones for sacrificial hunting) and Oracle Bone Inscriptions were discovered in 1899 (the 25th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty).

It is an ancient writing carved on tortoise bones, animal bones and human bones in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, which recorded divination, sacrifice and other activities. Strictly speaking, it can only be called calligraphy in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has possessed the three basic elements of China's calligraphy: writing with a pen, writing with Chinese characters, and composition. However, not all previous picture symbols have these three elements.

The picture shows the work "Zhu Niu Bone Sacrifice and Hunting Inscription" in Wuding period of Shang Dynasty, with bold style, scattered font size, vivid, diverse and natural. It is worthy of being a masterpiece in oracle calligraphy.

The inscription of Dayu Ding in the Western Zhou Dynasty is a famous bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with an inscription on the inner wall, which is as long as 29 1 word, and it is rare in the bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its contents are as follows: warn Yu that Yin died of alcoholism, and the Zhou Dynasty prospered by abstaining from drinking. Yu must try his best to help him and respect the moral policies of King Wen and Wang.

His calligraphy style is rigorous, the shape and layout are simple, and Fiona Fang has both skills of using a pen, which has a rigorous and dignified artistic effect. It is a masterpiece of bronze calligraphy in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Mao inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty is one of the most famous bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was written in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.

The inner wall has a 498-word inscription. Its content is that the king of Zhou is the Zhou government of ZTE. In order to get rid of the long-standing abuses, he ordered Mao Gongzhong, an important official, to help him avoid the disaster of national subjugation and gave him a lot of property. Mao Gong thanked Zhou Wang and made a tripod to commemorate him.

His calligraphy is a mature style of bronze inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with well-balanced and accurate structure, vigorous and steady lines, proper layout and full of rational colors, which shows that bronze inscription has developed to an extremely mature position. Shisanpan in the Western Zhou Dynasty is a bronze ware in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Its inscription structure is quaint and its lines are round and concise. Because of its horizontal position and low center of gravity, it is relatively simple and heavy.

It has a strong sense of "casting" and shows a strong "golden taste", so it occupies an important position in the system of stele study. Hu Xiaoshi, a famous modern calligrapher, commented: "The seal script was well prepared in the Zhou Dynasty. Its enlarged version is Mao, ... and the characters are combined with the vertical trend, but the only one that is still horizontal is Pan.

During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period, Qin carved stones. There are ten stone drums, which are shaped like drums. Each stone drum is engraved with a four-character poem and ten * * * poems, which describe the hunting of the king of Qin, so the stone drum is also called hunting.

The handwriting is worn out, and it is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Shi Guwen has an important position in the history of calligraphy.

Its font is a typical Qin calligraphy style, which has a great influence on the appearance of Xiao Zhuan in the late Qin Dynasty. At the same time, its own artistic achievements are also very high. Its structure is even and square, with generous stretch, full and round lines and strong brushwork. There is no trace of pictograms between the lines of Shi Guwen, but a symbolic structure composed of lines.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were great differences in writing between countries, which was a major obstacle to economic and cultural development. Qin Shihuang annexed the world, and Li Si, the minister, presided over the unification of the national characters, which was a great achievement in the cultural history of China.

After the unification of Qin Dynasty, this script was called Qin Zhuan, also known as Xiao Zhuan, which was simplified on the basis of Jin Wen and Shi Guwen. As a representative of the famous calligrapher Lisi, the carved stone of Mount Tai in Qin was highly praised by all previous dynasties.

Qin is a period of change of inheritance and innovation. The preface to Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "Shu Qin has eight styles, namely, big seal, small seal, seal cutting, insect book, copy, official book and official book."

It basically summarizes the face of the font at this time. The appearance of official script is a great progress in Chinese character writing and a revolution in the history of calligraphy, which not only makes Chinese characters square.

8. Calligraphy knowledge

1. Calligraphy, also known as "China Calligraphy", is a unique traditional art in China.

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art.

2. Cultivate self-cultivation and cultivate sentiment. 3. Girls like boys with handsome writing style. It is often used in work, and the benefits are quite many.

Calligraphy is a kind of culture that needs our inheritance and development. Let our own mind and living environment be better, more charming and more like crabs.

5. In a narrow sense, it is pen and ink. Broadly speaking, as long as beautiful words are written without any tools, mops dipped in water and written on cement boards, as long as they are beautiful, they can be called calligraphy. 6. Hard pen calligraphy is a wonderful flower in the hundred gardens of calligraphy art.

Its writing tools include pens, ballpoint pens, dip pens, pencils, plastic pens, bamboo pens, wooden pens and iron pens. , with ink as the main carrier, showing China's writing skills.