What is the family background of Confucius?

The child's surname is Kong, Qiu and Zi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, people lived in Changping Township (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province). The second child at home. China was an ancient writer, thinker, theoretical politician, educator, social activist, ancient literature collator and editor of Confucian school, and was praised as the founder of Confucian school by later generations. According to legend, he composed poems and wrote books, ordered rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi into Chunqiu. He has been engaged in preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts all his life, and is honored by the people of China as "the most holy teacher and an eternal model". Later generations recorded Confucius' words and deeds and made The Analects. In the view of heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about ghosts and gods and advocated "staying away from ghosts and gods". Confucius and Mencius are also called "Confucius and Mencius", and their thoughts are also called the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was honored as "the most holy" and "the vegetarian king", while Ceng Zi was a saint. Mencius is an "Asian sage". His words and deeds were written by his students as The Analects of Confucius, a masterpiece of creation. He is also the most famous cultural celebrity in the world. Is the founder of the Confucian school. However, another handsome theory, Yang, an anti-Confucius elite, thinks that Confucius is useless. However, another theory, Mr. Yang, thinks that Yang is useless and his behavior is purely grandstanding. Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, is also proficient in the "Ten Wings" of the Book of Changes written by Confucius. Confucius took the lead in breaking through this religious attitude towards natural landscape in theory. I love nature more, including disasters, earthquakes, tornadoes, dinosaur extinction and so on. The natural landscape is a constant good feng shui. He put forward that "the knower enjoys water while the benevolent enjoys Leshan" (The Analects of Confucius? Yong Ye) is a famous aesthetic proposition.

Confucius sculpture

Confucius was extremely clever and studious when he was young. At the age of twenty, he was already very learned and was praised as a "learned man" by people at that time. At the same time, little known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father Shu, who was nine feet six inches tall, and now he has surpassed 1.9 meters, specifically 196.8cm, with extraordinary arm strength, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people in later generations thought. Besides, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker, and it was said that he had never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and addicted to alcohol.

Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country, and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, and achieved outstanding results. He was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big Sikou, taking photos and taking care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the leaders of Sanhuan (,Shu, III, because they are descendants of the third son, they are called Sanhuan. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees. Confucius adopted the measures of "benefiting, benefiting and strengthening the three capitals". Later, the actions of Sandu were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was exposed. 13 years, Lu Dinggong sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, when Lu offered meat to the doctors after the sacrifice in the suburbs, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him any more. Confucius had to leave Shandong to find a way out and began to travel around the world.

Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return.

In the second year (Confucius was fifty-nine), Confucius left the country, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and arrived in the state of Chen, so the laborers besieged Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops in the back. Zigong ate up all the food they brought, and finally found the Chu people. The Chu people sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.

Confucius and his disciples

There are as many as 3,000 disciples of Confucius, including 72 sages, many of whom are the pillars of senior officials in various countries, the most important of which are:

Yan Hui was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, ranging from 52 1 to 48 1. Zi Yueyuan, also known as Yan Yuan, is Confucius' favorite disciple. "Eternal Night" said that he "eats and drinks once, and when he is in a mean alley, people can't bear his worries, and he won't change his pleasure when he returns". Modest and studious, "not angry, not jealous." He respects his teacher very much and is always dissatisfied with Confucius. Yan Yuan is famous for his virtue. Confucius praised him for "returning with virtue" and "returning without violating benevolence in March" (Chanting Leaves). Unfortunately, he died young. Since the Han Dynasty, Yan Hui has been ranked as the first of 72 sages, and sometimes only Yan Hui enjoys it when offering sacrifices to Confucius. Since then, posthumous title has been added to the rulers of all dynasties: Emperor Taizong honored him as a "master", Emperor Xuanzong honored him as "Duke Yan", Song Zhenzong as "Duke Yan" and Yuan Wenzong as "Duke Yan Fu". In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Restoration of Saints". There is also a "Fuxing Temple" in Qufu, Shandong.

Zhong You was born in Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county City, Shandong Province from 542 to 480. He was Shi's butcher and later the doctor's butcher. In 480 AD, his mother made his younger brother Kuaiqin the monarch, threatened Wei to dismiss him, and fled after hearing the news. Lutz heard the news outside and went to town to see Quine. The crown tassel shot by Kuai Ming's troops has its eyes torn out. He severely reprimanded, "The death of a gentleman is inevitable." Fasten the hat and tassel resolutely, and die calmly.

Duanmu thorn, 520-456, named Duanmu Gong, surname Duanmu thorn, name thorn. Wei (now Xun County, Henan Province) was born. He was once the face of Lu and Wei, the most successful of Confucius' seventy-two sages, and was listed as excellent in speech. Zi Gong was a great diplomat and businessman in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was praised as "the originator of Confucian businessmen" by later generations. Confucius once called it "the instrument of Hu Lian". He is eloquent, eloquent, practical and knowledgeable. He is also good at doing business. He once did business between Cao and Lu, which made him rich. Become the richest man among Confucius disciples. Sima Qian wrote Historical Records? Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples is the longest biography among Confucius' disciples, and the most time is spent on Zi Gong. This phenomenon shows that in Sima Qian's eyes, Zi Gong is a very unusual figure. We follow this idea of Sima Qian, and then carefully read the Analects of Confucius and other books, we can see that Zi Gong is an unusual figure. His great influence and role are beyond the reach of Confucius' disciples: excellent academic performance, rich cultural accomplishment, outstanding political and diplomatic ability and superb financial management ability.

Yan Yan, a native of Changshu, was the only disciple of Confucius who spread to the south in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the age of 22, he left his hometown and went north to learn from Confucius. He is modest, studious and good at literature. Lu, who used to be the butcher of Wucheng, educated the people with rites and music. There are string songs everywhere in the territory, which won the appreciation of Confucius. I returned to the south after my studies, and countless disciples traveled to France. He is considered to be the first person to spread southeast culture. Since the Tang Dynasty, he has been named marquis of Wu, Wu Gong, Wu Gong and sage Yanzi. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, a doctor of the Five Classics was specially appointed to be inherited by his descendants. Yan Yan has made great contributions to the prosperity of Wu culture.

Also known as Zeng, he was born in Wucheng (now Nanwucheng in Weizhuang Township, Pingyi County, and Nanwu Village in Mandong Town, Jiaxiang County) in the Spring and Autumn Period. The dates of birth and death are unknown. The father of Zeng Shen, one of the 72 sages of Confucius' disciples. He and Meng, the father of Yan Hui and Mencius, were enshrined in the shrine behind the Confucius Temple in Qufu. In The Analects of Confucius, he sat with Luz, You Ran and Gong Xihua to talk about his personal interests. Speaking of personal interests, he stopped playing drums and piano, said that he would put on his spring clothes in late spring, and in 1009 (the second year of Song Dazhong Xiangfu), he sealed the "Laiwu Hou" with five or six like-minded adults. 1530 (the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty) was renamed as "Saint Zeng". Ceng Dian's tomb is in Nanwucheng, his hometown.

Zeng Shen, a native of Nanwucheng (now Pingyi) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in 505 ~ 436 BC. People all address themselves as Ceng Zi. A disciple of Confucius. Ceng Dian's son is a small official who is famous for his filial piety. It is believed that "wisdom, loyalty and forbearance" are Confucius' "consistent" thoughts, and the cultivation method of "I live three times a day" is put forward. He advocated that "I should be cautious in the end (carefully handle the funeral of my parents), pursue the future (sincerely remember my ancestors), cherish the people's morality" and "commit crimes without learning (cultivate my mind)", and persistently practice Confucius' theory. Legend has it that there are "filial piety" and "university". Under the door of Confucius, he was regarded as a descendant of Taoism and was honored as a "saint" by later rulers. Hanshu? There are 18 articles recorded in Ceng Zi, which is incomplete. There are 10 articles in Daidai Li Ji, from Lishi to Tianyuan. In Qing Dynasty, there was a note of Ceng Zi in Ruan Yuan. At the southern foot of Nanwu Mountain, 20 kilometers south of Jiaxiang, there is Zeng Temple, also known as Zongsheng Temple.