Please introduce Master Xiong Shili to me. Thank you.

Xiong Shili, a famous philosopher in modern China, was originally named Ji Zhi, Sheng Heng, and later renamed Shili. 1885 was born in Huanggang county, Hubei province. His father is a village teacher. Due to family difficulties, Shili used to herd cattle for his neighbors when he was a teenager, and occasionally went to the township school with his father to attend classes. /kloc-When he was 0/3 years old, his parents died one after another, and his eldest brother sent him to the rural school taught by his father's old friend Mr. He Shengmu, but he finally left after half a year because he could not bear the burden of the library. Since then, he has relied on hard work and self-study.

Xiong Shili was different from others since he was a child. He is unique, very self-respecting and confident. He once blurted out "madness": "From the sky, there is no such person as me." Surprised his father and brother. When he was sixteen or seventeen, he traveled around. When he first read Chen Baisha's On Animals, he suddenly realized that "flesh and blood is not me, and only by doing this can I be my true self." And realize the meaning and value of life from it. It is by no means an external satisfaction such as seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages and taking pleasure in suffering. It is to understand the meaning and value of life and realize the "true self" from the biggest to the biggest, thus conforming to the truth of everything in the world. This understanding basically laid the foundation for his future research direction.

During the Revolution of 1911, Xiong Shili felt the political decay of the Qing Dynasty and the national crisis was deep. He often puts himself on the right side with Fan Zhongyan's phrase "Worry about the world first". In the process of extensive reading, he was deeply fascinated by books such as Ge Zhi Wu Dao, and regarded the philosophers of the Six Classics as scholars. Deeply influenced by the works of great philosophers such as Wang Chuanshan, Huang Lizhou and Gu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the works of reformists such as Yan, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong in the late Qing Dynasty, he was "full of revolutionary ambition" and determined to run for the anti-Qing Dynasty.

1902, Xiong joined the No.31bid of Hubei New Army to mobilize the army, training during the day, studying at night, contributing to newspapers, advocating realistic innovation and saving the country and people. During this period, he gradually got to know revolutionary heroes such as Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Song Dynasty, and founded the first revolutionary group-science tutorial school on 1904 * *, secretly propagating revolutionary ideas and advocating anti-imperialism and anti-Qing Dynasty to save the country and people. 1906, Xiong Shili joined the daily newspaper and organized a workshop in Huanggang Military Academy to contact people from all walks of life and prepare for the uprising. Later, because he was wanted by the Qing court for leaking secrets, he had to sneak back to his hometown to teach. 19 1 1 participated in the Wuchang Uprising that shocked China and foreign countries, and served as the staff officer of Hubei Governor's Office. After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, he followed Sun Yat-sen to participate in the national protection movement. However, due to the exclusion of warlords and politicians, Sun Yat-sen was later forced to leave the military government, and the movement to protect the people also failed, which dealt a great blow to Xiong Shili. He witnessed "party member's struggle for power and profit, and the revolution had no good result", and his heart was very painful. He often "climbs alone, looks at the sky and tears." According to his own experience and experience, he summed up that the cause of disasters and troubles lies in the greed and luxury of warlords and bureaucrats. Humble and humble, the people are ignorant. So he made up his mind to get out of politics and "concentrate on academics and guide public opinion." He believes that the fundamental reason for saving the country does not seem to lie in revolution, but in academic prosperity. "So I began to realize that I was born with great things, and there were people outside the political revolution. I had no real ambition in the past, and I vowed to be beautiful, and I wanted to study for myself "(Shiliyu). Since then, Xiong Shili has resolutely divorced from politics and devoted himself to "seeking more happiness for himself", taking improving national morality as his own responsibility. This is the most important turning point in his life.

1920, Xiong Shili entered Nanjing Zhina Inner Court and studied Buddhism under Ouyang Jason Wu. During the first three years and the last three years, I devoted myself to hard work. I was unique and innovative, but my life was difficult and unusual. The only pair of China pants is often washed and dried before I can wear them. 1992, with the praise and recommendation of Liang Shuming and others, Xiong Shili was hired by Cai Yuanpei as a distinguished lecturer of Buddhism in Peking University. As soon as he arrived at Peking University, he broke the "gathering of teachers and students" and adopted the ancient college-style teaching in which teachers and students lived together day and night. He was free and easy-going, and advocated paying equal attention to morality and learning, so that life and learning were consistent. In the process of teaching Introduction to Consciousness Studies, he gradually turned from doubt to criticism of consciousness theory and began to build his own unique "new consciousness" philosophy system.

1932, Mr. Xiong's magnificent masterpiece "New Intellectualism" (classical Chinese version) was published, marking the birth of the world-renowned "New Intellectualism" philosophy system. But as soon as this book came out, it was immediately attacked by people in the Buddhist community, especially teachers and friends in the inner court. After reading it, Ouyang, his teacher, said bitterly, "Abandon the holy word, only the son is really special", with harsh wording. Liu Hengru, a disciple of Ouyang Xiu, made a systematic criticism of Xiong's New Theory, accusing him of "almost knowing nothing about epistemology" and accusing his book of "taking the meaning of Confucianism and Taoism in China, being an Indian heretic, hanging on Buddhism and being self-righteous". Xiong Shili, unwilling to be silent, immediately accepted the challenge and wrote a book, Breaking the New Consciousness, which refuted Liu's accusations one by one. He defended himself, saying that the book "Heart" wrote "the righteousness is far-reaching, and its purpose is also universal", thinking that he is not deviant, but maintaining and developing Buddhism. Contrary to Ouyang and others, Cai Yuanpei and others admired this book. Cai Yuanpei called Xiong the first person to expound Buddhism from the standpoint of a philosopher in two thousand years. In the preface, Mr. Ma Yifu even mentioned Xiong Shili with Wang Bi and Long Shu, saying that his knowledge and originality were better than those of Daosheng, Xuanlei, Kui Ji and other ancient Buddhist masters. What a great compliment!

After studying, Xiong Shili likes to make friends in the academic field, and keeps pace with Huang Jigang, Ma Xulun, Liang Shuming, Zhang, Zhang Shenfu, Qian Mu, Tang Yongtong, Meng,, Feng Youlan, Jin, Zhu Guangqian, He Lin and others to learn from each other. Especially with Lin Zaiping and Liang Shuming, there was a close relationship for some time. "There is no one who hasn't seen each other for three days." Every time we meet, I am to blame. I am also arrogant and sometimes I howl outdoors. Shu Ming, on the other hand, is taciturn, and it is difficult to solve the disputes between the times. His remarks are also very brief. Aftertaste-Heng's judgment on the gains and losses of ancient and modern times is indeed rigorous. He said that Lao Xiong's eyes are in the sky. I also play: I have legal restrictions, and everything is like quantity. "

Xiong benefited a lot from this criticism, and many of his arguments were produced and perfected in this debate. More interesting is Xiong Shili's association with fellow countryman Fei Ming (writer Feng Wenbing). According to his memory, when they meet, they always talk to each other. Whenever they argue about academic issues, they often give in to each other. At first, I was red-faced, shouting, then twisted into a ball, and finally broke up. But when they met again in a day or two, they were laughing again.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Xiong Shili did not move to Kunming with Peking University, but returned to Huanggang first, and then took refuge in Sichuan, where he taught at Leshan Renaturation Academy hosted by Ma Yili. At this time, although Xiong Shili was in the rear, he felt that foreign aggression was urgent and his family was in danger. Because of the suffering and humiliation suffered by his compatriots in the occupied areas, he often could not help crying. To this end, he wrote a book "China's Historical Speech", which talked about the homology of Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan nationalities, aiming at providing theoretical and historical basis for all ethnic groups to unite against Japan.

1943 received a letter of appointment from Jiang Menglin, the president of Peking University, as a professor of the College of Literature, and was granted a temporary absence from school. During this period, Liang Shuming moved to Mianren College in Beibei, Chongqing because he disagreed with Mr. Ma Yifu's academic views. In this autumn of national peril, Xiong Shili devoted all his true feelings to the survival of China culture. He believes that a nation must have its own philosophy and culture if it wants to survive. To this end, he began to devote more energy to the study of Confucianism, and wrote books on Confucianism such as Reading Classics. He criticized Hu Shi and others' thought of "total westernization", but he was not addicted to the classics of sages. Instead, he thoroughly reflected on traditional Confucianism, absorbed hundreds of Confucianism and Buddhists, and created a thoughtful and China-like philosophy. 1944, the stylistic text of Xiong's New Intellectualism was destroyed, and it was regarded as the first book of China's philosophy series by China Philosophy Society by Chongqing Commercial Press. This book is Xiong's most important philosophical work, which marks the complete maturity of Xiong Shili's philosophical thought system. If Xiong is a "neo-Buddhist" scholar in classical Chinese, he should be a "neo-Confucian" scholar in stylistic text. This book, together with other books published later, such as Essentials of Shili Language and Preliminary Continuation of Shili Language, constitutes the main content of Xiong Shili's Neo-Confucianism.

1948, the Sino-Japanese war became increasingly fierce, and the Kuomintang was losing ground. That autumn, Xiong Shili moved to Huang Minyong's home in Hualong Town, a suburb of Guangzhou. On the eve of national liberation, Xiong's family hesitated. He really wants to go back to Peking University or his hometown of Hubei to concentrate on his studies, but he has doubts. He once wanted to go to India or Hong Kong and Taiwan. But what he never expected was that the producer of * * * did not forget him as a wise and great philosopher. 1949 10 On the tenth day after the liberation of Guangzhou, his old friends Dong and Guo Moruo jointly invited Mr. Xiong to go north, which is a commercial country. At the same time, they took care of governments at all levels, warmly received him and made proper arrangements. In March of the following year, Xiong Shili arrived in Beijing, and Qi Yanming, Secretary General of the State Council, greeted him at the station. Looking back, Xiong Shili remembered 1937 the heavy rain in Lu Yu after the "July 7th Incident", which was full of mixed feelings and thoughts. He is convinced that the people of China have really stood up! The history of the motherland being slaughtered is gone forever!

After Xiong Shili arrived in Beijing, he was arranged by the government to live in the small quadrangle of Dajin Temple in Houhai, Shichahai until 1954 left Beijing. The scenery here is pleasant. Most of the neighbors are old friends such as Liang Shuming, Lin Zaiping, Zhang Shenfu and He Lin, and old disciples often visit him. At the same time, many senior people inside and outside the Party, such as Dong, Guo Moruo, Lin, Xu Teli, Li, Chen, Ai Siqi and other old and new friends, often come to visit, which makes Mr. Xiong feel very comfortable. In this rare and stable environment, he not only continued to write books and articles, but also wrote revised editions such as On Zhang Jiangling with Friends, On Six Classics with Friends, On New Consciousness and The First Volume of Original Confucianism. In addition, he is also very concerned about the cultural construction of new China, and has written to the central leaders such as President Hu Jintao and President Hu Jintao for many times, offering suggestions and suggestions for the cultural construction of new China. From 65438 to 0954, due to various reasons, Xiong Shili gradually felt lonely, and at the same time could not stand the cold and dry climate in northern winter, so he moved to Shanghai at the end of the year. Xiong Shili continued to write after he settled in Shanghai. /kloc-completed the second volume of the original Confucianism in 0/956, and printed and published two volumes at the same time. With more than 330,000 words, the book concentrates on the valuable parts of Confucianism, and reinterprets Confucian classics and Confucian history according to my own understanding and in the spirit of "Notes on Me in Six Classics". This masterpiece is another important achievement of Xiong Shili as a Neo-Confucianism. After this book, Xiong Shili completed the writing of Principles of Physiology, Ming Xin Pian and Gan Yan Kun with extraordinary perseverance and speed. There are 8 kinds of works before and after, 1.3 million words, which can be described as old and courageous!

However, in the frenzied contemporary society of China, Xiong Shili, like most intellectuals in China, can't be completely immersed in the world and immersed in research. His works were criticized as "reactionary retro-ism", most of his former old friends and students were knocked down and criticized, and the rest were in jeopardy. Xiong Shili felt more and more lonely and confused in the days when the left-leaning wind was blowing tighter and tighter. He is obviously aging, his eyes are no longer as bright as before, his speech is no longer as chic as before, and his emotions are no longer as passionate as before. He often sits at his desk alone, with a pile of white paper in front of him, a bare pen in his hand and a focused expression. He seems to have Qian Qian's absolute worries to appeal to the pen, but he can't write for a long time. It is only a little comfort to be in close contact with ancient sages such as Confucius, Wang Yangming and Wang Chuanshan. He is extremely disgusted with the "left" approach, but he is helpless. In all kinds of hardships, he once sent a letter to a friend: "My heart is like an old snow cellar, a colleague of Jiangzhai for thousands of years." Enough to express his sadness in his later years!

The left-leaning trend is getting worse and worse, and the critical movement is also escalating step by step, which is followed by human catastrophe. /kloc-in the summer of 0/966, Xiong Shili was extremely sad when he saw the article "Sweep the Ghosts" in People's Daily. He felt bitterly that not only could he not write any more, but what was more tragic was that the Chinese studies he inherited would be on the verge of extinction, and the country and nation would fall into the abyss of suffering. Homes were copied, people were criticized, transvestites were turned upside down, right and wrong were indistinguishable, and everything was strangled in the dark. In this difficult situation, his spirit could no longer bear it and gradually became insane. He kept writing letters to the central leaders, forcing his family to send them, and often wrote many small notes, even on his pants and socks, to protest against the "Cultural Revolution". He often wears a faded robe with no buttons and a hemp rope around his waist. He stumbled alone in the street or park, tears streaming down his face, muttering, "China culture is dead!" "China culture is dead!" However, the streets are bustling and everyone is in danger. No one paid attention to him and no one was surprised at what he said. As a result, this extraordinary philosopher, like thousands of intellectuals in Qian Qian, was brutally drowned in the turbid current of a so-called "Cultural Revolution" that cruelly trampled on culture.

1968 On May 23rd, Xiong Shili died of heart failure due to pneumonia in Shanghai Hongkou Hospital at the age of 84.

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Related connection

In modern times, many scholars were bullish, and Xiong Shili was the most bullish. Xiong Shili was originally named Ji Zhi, and Shili took his own name, and later went to the world with the number. Shili, originally a Buddhist term, specifically refers to the Buddha's ten kinds of intelligence, and the bear actually put it on himself. Its "cow" can be seen. No wonder he went to study Buddhism in Zhina Inner Court where Ouyang was away. A year later, he wrote "New Idealism" and found fault with Master Xuanzang, which made all the disciples of Master Ouyang stop eating. He attacked it with "breaking new idealism", and Xiong Shili wrote "breaking new idealism". It is estimated that if the other party hits again, the bear will always insist on "breaking". Later, when The New Theory of Consciousness was published, its signature was actually "Made by Xiong Shili of Huanggang", which was made by a bodhisattva just like the signature of Buddhist scriptures. It is said that sometimes, the bear simply calls himself Xiong Shili Bodhisattva, a Buddhist and a scholar who studies Buddhism, glaring. In fact, Xiong Shili's earliest ambition was politics or revolution. He joined the Hubei New Army as soon as he debuted. He was originally a radical revolutionary party. He was wanted to escape from Wuchang City only because he was impatient and did it a little early. If he lives in seclusion for a few days, he is definitely the hero of Wuchang Shouyi. Xiong Shili abandoned politics to study, which is said to be stimulated by Chen Duxiu. Chen Duxiu once demoted an economist from Hubei to an Anhui native with a strong academic atmosphere in the Qing Dynasty, which was creepy. From then on, he plunged into the pile of old newspapers and became more and more famous.

Xiong Shili, who claimed to be a Buddha and Bodhisattva, met his opponent when he went to teach at Peking University. The opponent's name is Feng Wenbing, a writer. As we all know, his pen name is Fei Ming and he is famous for writing poems and novels. Mr. Fei Ming lived next door to Xiong Shili and suddenly became interested in Buddhism. If you have something, discuss Buddhism with Xiong Shili. Fei Ming said, I represent the Buddha, and if you oppose me, you oppose the Buddha. Xiong Shili said, I am a Buddha and you are an anti-Buddha! Struggle, finally there was no sound, and the two sides wrestled together. After the fight, the two will discuss it together tomorrow and then fight again.

Of course, there is more than one scholar who quarrels with Xiong Shili. He quarreled with Meng and Liang Shuming. Liang Shuming is also a great man and has always been very confident. 194 1 year, Pearl Harbor broke out, Japanese troops attacked Hong Kong, and intellectuals hiding in Hong Kong evacuated by boat. There are planes bombing in the sky and mines on the water. The scribes on board were too nervous to sleep at night. Only Liang Shuming snored like thunder and slept soundly. People asked him: isn't Mr. Wang afraid? He said: What are you afraid of? I can't die. What will China do if I die? When two awesome people meet, of course, the level of quarrel will not be low. Until Liang Shuming mentioned his old friend who had passed away in his later years, he still could not forget the debates about Buddhism in those years.

Scholars of the same age are so strict with their students. His students say that Mr. Xiong seldom praises others, but he loves to teach them and always scolds them. In the 1930s and 1940s, the students of Peking University were very arrogant. Schools hire teachers, and students should also participate in giving advice. If they don't agree, they must reconsider. Therefore, no professor dares to discipline students in class. It is common for students to find fault with professors when they don't come to class. However, Xiong Shili didn't buy this set, so he started training. I even started fighting when I was in a hurry. Strange to say, arrogant Peking University students really dare not kick the bear out.

What can best show Xiong Shili's arrogance is his attitude towards powerful people. He never cared who the people were, whether they were generals or high officials. If he wants to learn a lesson, he will learn it and lose face. Xu was in Chiang Kai-shek's retinue room, and his face was red and purple. He's here to ask about study. Xiong Shili was really a scolding, which Xu will remember all his life, saying that it was a scolding on his way to school.

Scholars of that generation are very arrogant and don't know what modesty is. Behind the cow is the true nature, which is really stubborn. Learning is like this, so are teachers and friends, and so are disciples. They are actually eternal children, facing the whole world and life with a pure heart.