What are the Neolithic cultures discovered in Chifeng?

Xinglongwa Culture: It was first discovered in Xinglongwa Village, Baoguotu Township, Aohan Banner in 1982. It is the earliest Neolithic culture in northern China. From 7,500 to 8,000 years ago, it amazed future generations with its large-scale settlement architecture, the earliest use of jade, the appearance of bedroom tombs and unique pottery.

Zhaobaogou Culture: It was first discovered in Zhaobaogou Village, Gaojiawopu Township, Aohan Banner in 1982, more than 6,800 years ago. Among the many unearthed pottery, there is a beautifully polished black pottery statue with a smooth and black surface, carved with patterns composed of three gods: pig dragon, flying deer and god bird. It is solemn, dignified and mysterious, giving people superhuman strength to cruise the universe, and it is also the earliest special craft work in northern China.

Hongshan Culture: The most representative ancient culture in the Neolithic Age in northern China, located in Hongshan, the northeast corner of Chifeng City, where ancient human sites and tombs were discovered 50 or 60 years ago. Hongshan Culture is about 5500 years ago. At that time, our ancestors engaged in various economic activities, mainly primitive agriculture, including nomadic, fishing and hunting. Stone tablets shaped like tobacco leaves are unique agricultural production tools in the north, and later evolved into iron plows. Among all kinds of pottery, red and black "painted pottery" is the most representative and eye-catching. The patterns of fired painted pottery include diagonal lines, semicircle lines, river line lines and water vortex lines. It seems simple, but it is simple and natural. After the first discovery of Hongshan Culture in Hongshan, Chifeng, after decades of arduous investigation, Hongshan Culture sites are densely distributed in the vast area of Liaohe River Basin in the east, Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province in the west, Beijing and Tianjin in the south and Xilamulun River in the north. The excavation of a large number of exquisite jade articles representing Hongshan Culture shows the splendid culture of the West Liaohe River Basin in northern China in prehistoric times. There are bionic dragons, fish, turtles and cicadas in the jade group, and there are walls, rings and gouyun ornaments that integrate natural phenomena into the artistic conception. They are exquisite and refined, and they are precious physical materials of primitive religious art and primitive etiquette.

Fuhe Culture: It was first discovered in Fuhe Goumen Village, Urjimulun River Basin, Balinzuoqi in 1962, about 5300 years ago. This is a large-scale ancient village site. 37 houses were excavated, most of which were built on the mountain, square and round, and arranged neatly. There is a kitchen pit in the center of the house, which was used by the ancients to make a fire, keep warm and drive away the cold, and cook food. Among the unearthed agricultural production tools, the most typical one is the stone hoe, which looks like a modern iron hoe. In pottery household appliances, there is a kind of pottery pot, which is embossed or depicted with zigzag patterns in horizontal and vertical directions. The lines are simple and smooth, extremely simple and vivid. Among a considerable number of bone artifacts, Oracle Bone Inscriptions was also found, which was used by the ancients to predict good or bad luck, and was also the earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions discovered by China. A large number of animal bones, mostly mountain animals, show that there was a dense mountain forest in the Urjimulun River basin more than 5,300 years ago.

Xiaoheyan Culture: Found in Zi Ying Village of Baisilang in Xiaoheyan Township of Aohan Banner and Danangou Village of Onniute Banner 1974 and 1977 respectively. It is 4500 years ago and belongs to the late Neolithic period. Nearly 80 ancient tombs discovered in Danangou are regularly arranged in three areas. It can be seen that the division of labor between men and women in social production was clear at that time, and the phenomenon of inequality between the rich and the poor appeared in society, and primitive characters or sacrificial ceremonies appeared.