Fortune Telling Collection - Free divination - Who is Nuwa?
Who is Nuwa?
Also known as Nu Wa and Nu Wa Niangniang, Feng was born in (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province) and called himself Fengli (or sacrificed for Fengli). Is the goddess in China's historical myths and legends. Is the great mother of the Chinese nation, who kindly created us and bravely took care of us from natural disasters. It is the creator god and ancestor god widely worshipped by people for a long time. She has magical power and can create at least seventy things every day.
There is no record of the birthplace of Nuwa clan in the literature, but according to the relationship between Fuxi and Nuwa, the hometown of Nuwa should also be within the scope of ancient times. When talking about Hulu River, a tributary of Weihe River, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics specifically mentioned the ancient Loi Wo Temple there. On the Hulu River in Qin 'anlong Town, not far from Dadiwan, there are Nuwa Cave and Laiwo Temple dedicated to Nuwa. Longcheng is also known as "the hometown of Wa emperors". Nu Wa also takes Feng as her surname. Up to now, there are Fengtai, Feng Ying, Fengwei Village and other places, all related to Nuwa's surname.
Nu Wa in the Legend of Nansanmiao Nationality
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There are different opinions about the legend of Nuwa, some say before Pangu, and some say after Pangu. ...
According to folklore, different nationalities have different names, such as Nuo Gong Nuo Niang, Xiong Jingjing Mei, Noah Nova, Noah's brother and sister, Nanshan Old Dong Xiao Mei, Jiang Lang Jiang Mei and so on.
Legend has it that the first people were drowned by the flood, leaving only Fuxi brothers and sisters, and later people were descendants of Fuxi brothers and sisters.
This legend is systematic. Fuxi's brother and sister's mother gave birth to them 12 brother and sister, Wang Long, Wang She, Wang Lei, Hou Yi (queen ant), Wang Su (probably from Wang Sui Sui Sui), Nuo brother and Nuo sister (and the legend is Nuo brother and sister). Wang lung got into the water and the king snake drilled a hole. Chloe Wang had nowhere to hide and was burned. Chloe Wang has a bad temper and is bent on seeking revenge from Wang Su. Every time, Wang Su cleverly avoided it. His mother was ill and said that only Chloe Wang's meat could cure her illness. Chloe Wang certainly didn't want to, but he still wanted to get revenge on Wang Su. Finally, he was put into the trap of Wang Su. Nogo went to farm that day, and no one else was there, only good people. Soft grinding and hard foaming, Sister Nuo was soft-hearted, and gave him a bowl of porridge. Chloe Wang said that it would be better to have a bowl of water, so Sister Nuo gave him a bowl of water. After Wang Leigang finished drinking, Lei Guang made a masterpiece, broke the cage, pulled out a tooth and gave it to Sister Nuo as a reward, saying that the Tianmen opened and planted it. Thunder rumbled and the Tianmen opened. Finally, a huge gourd (ancient sound, servant, Fu You gourd worship) grew out and hung upside down. At this time, a woodpecker flew in, hollowed out the gourd, and then its brother and sister got in. With the rising water, the gourd collected many animals. It rose to the sky and found Chloe Wang. Chloe Wang wouldn't listen, and then Chloe Wang got scared. No way, Wang Lei had to attract 10 suns to dry the flood, but when the water dried up, it fell into drought and everyone died. Nuo Gong invited Hou Yi (queen ant), who flew to the hibiscus tree (the legendary sacred tree connecting man and god) and shot down the sun with his tail needle. Nuo Gong felt that there was no sun. ...
There is also a passage that the Nuo brothers and sisters divined three times (connected with the ancient sound of the servant, or perhaps left by Fuxi). My brother and sister got married and rolled rice in two directions at the top of Buzhoushan Mountain. As a result, the rice mill collided at the foot of the mountain and caught fire on both sides. As a result, Sister Nuo was shy. Just say that if you catch up with me, I will marry you. Finally, I met my sister ... My sister was married and shy, so she covered her face with a fan. Nogo's image is flushed and his eyes are protruding. Legend has it that he was sunburned 10 suns. Sister Nuo is very clever and covers her face with a handkerchief, so she is still white. Nu Wa is the god of marriage and fertility. This is why Chinese wedding customs use bead curtains or hijab. There is also a rule that clans can't get married, which may have been made when Nu Wa was in power.
In fact, the reason is that their mother was destroyed by Chloe Wang, and their struggle will destroy the world. Of course, her illness is also fake.
This legend may include two legends of Nuwa, one is the mother of 12 brother and sister, and the other is the daughter-in-law who got married and had children.
Fuxi and Nuwa have the same ancient pronunciation. The maternal line of Fu and Nuwa is Fahrenheit (often Hua Xushi), and Fahrenheit may be a primitive China.
Nu Wa in Reality
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Nu Wa is a real historical figure, who mainly lives in the Loess Plateau. Her tomb is located in Donghou Village, Zhao Cheng Town, Hongtong County, Shanxi Province. The tomb of Nuwa may have existed for more than three or four thousand years. Like the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, it is also the temple of the ancient emperors in China. Every year around the tenth day of the third lunar month, a seven-day large-scale temple fair and sacrificial activities are held.
Myths and legends
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* * * Gong and Nu Wa fought for the emperor, and Nu Wa ordered Zhu Rong's army to attack Gong.
* * * Gong Bing was defeated and hit Zhoushan with his head.
No, Zhoushan is Tianzhu, and it was hit by a worker named * * *, making an earth-shattering sound. Mountain collapse, Tianzhu fracture, the earth tilted to the southeast, and seawater poured into the land. Most people in the plain drowned, so the survivors had to flee to the mountains.
But the mountain forest is the territory of mammals, who are very angry after being disturbed and launch crazy attacks on human beings. Many people were killed and eaten by wild animals.
Human beings have suffered unprecedented disasters, some drowned by floods, some killed by collapsed rocks, some killed by wild animals and birds, and human beings are in danger of extinction.
The Goddess of Mending Heaven is the most widely circulated myth in Sanjin.
This myth comes from Huainan Zilan Ming Pian, and the full text is as follows:
In ancient times, the four poles were abolished, Kyushu was cracked, the sky was not covered, and the land was incomplete; Fire never goes out, water never stops; Wild animals eat people, while birds prey on the old and the weak. So nuwa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, and the broken claws were enough to set up four poles, killing the black dragon and helping Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop the lewd water. Tianbu, four poles are positive; Water is dry, Jizhou is flat; When a cunning worm dies, it destroys people's livelihood; Return to the state and embrace the sky.
In the cosmic era, the water god Gong Gong and the fire god Zhu Rong fought for some reason, and finally Zhu Rong defeated the water god Gong Gong. The Water God Gong Gong was ashamed and resentful because of losing, but it was a pillar that supported the sky, and it was broken. The big pillar that supported the heaven and the earth was broken, and the sky fell in half, and a big hole appeared. Mankind is facing an unprecedented disaster.
Nu Wa witnessed such a strange disaster and felt very painful, so she decided to mend the sky to end it. She chose various colored stones, set them on fire and melted them into mud, filled the hole with this mud, and then cut off four feet of a chinemys reevesii as four pillars to support half the collapsed sky. Nu Wa also captured and killed the black dragon, which killed the people, and stopped the arrogance of the dragon and snake. Finally, in order to prevent flooding, Nuwa also collected a large number of reeds, burned them into ashes and buried them in the flood that spread everywhere.
After some efforts and rectification by Nu Wa, the sky was finally filled up, the land was filled up, the water stopped, the dragons, snakes and beasts disappeared, and the people lived a happy life again. But after all, this catastrophic disaster left its mark. Since then, the sky is still tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars naturally return to the west, and because the ground is tilted to the southeast, all the rivers gather there. When the rainbow appears in the sky, it is the colorful light of our great Nuwa.
After this disaster, there are few human survivors.
In order to make mankind develop again, Nu Wa picked up clay figurines with loess and soil by hand.
A Record of Nu Wa's Making Man
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Two Essays on Nu Wa in Custom Tong;
1, the original: As the saying goes, there was no one, and Nu Wa (legend has it that a human face snake created human beings) fought, and Loess was human. The audience is sitting (hard), unable to supply (it is too late to supply with all their strength), just pulling (pulling, pulling) the rope in the mud and being led by others. Therefore, the rich are all loess people; Poor people, lead rope (rope, thick rope) people also.
According to folklore, at the beginning of the creation of heaven and earth, there was no human being on the earth, which was made by Nu Wa squeezing loess. She is busy and tired, and despite her best efforts, she still can't keep up with the supply. So she picked up the rope and threw it into the mud. When she lifted the rope and threw it out, the mud fell to the ground and became a person. Later generations said that the rich were made of loess by Nu Wa, and the poor were just made of rope dipped in mud and scattered on the ground by Nu Wa.
2, the original: Nu Wa Blessing Shrine is a female media, because of marriage.
Nu Wa prayed in the shrine and asked God to appoint her as matchmaker. So Nuwa arranged for men and women to get married.
"Peaceful Magnolia": Before Nu Wa made people, she made chickens on the first day of the first month, dogs on the second day, sheep on the third day, pigs on the fourth day, cows on the fifth day and horses on the sixth day. On the seventh day, Nu Wa made a small clay figurine with loess and water according to her own appearance. She made batch after batch, which was too slow, so. In order to make human beings pass on forever, she created a wedding ceremony, acted as a matchmaker herself, let people know the method of "making people" and carry on the family line by her own strength. Another legend, unique, is that Nu Wa and Fuxi are brother and sister. At the beginning of the universe, there were only two brothers and sisters between heaven and earth. At the foot of Kunlun Mountain, there was no one else in the world. I want to be husband and wife, but I am ashamed. My brother and sister immediately went to Kunlun Mountain and cursed: "If God agrees to marry my brother and sister, please gather all the clouds in the sky or disperse them." . So the clouds in the sky immediately closed, and they became husband and wife, and the Chinese nation was their descendants.
Custom Romance: Wherever there is a place to come to Wo Temple, it is popular to come to Wo Temple to beg for children. Although there is no scientific basis, it is permeated with a primitive reproductive worship culture. In primitive times, tribal wars were cruel and frequent, all of which depended on human confrontation, with many deaths. Therefore, people expect women to have a large number of children, so that the clan can prosper and avoid the fate of extinction.
According to the description of China myth, at first she pinched people with loess, but because the speed was too slow, she threw mud with wicker to create a large number of people. In the past, all the people squeezed out of the loess were dignitaries; The people who were later created by throwing dirty water were ordinary people. There are different ways to create human beings. This legend is also believed that in slave society and feudal society, rulers tried to instill "the theory of destiny" into the people in order to safeguard their ruling interests.
Records of Nu Wa in Ancient Books
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Chu Ci Tian Wen: "Nu Wa has a body, who made it?" Wang Yi's note: "Nu Wa's head is a snake."
"Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Well, the ancient saint, the person who transformed everything."
"Shan Hai Jing Xi Ye Jing" Guo Pu's note: "Nuwa, an ancient goddess, an emperor, a snake-faced snake body, changes seventy times a day."
Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Xi Jing: "There are ten gods, the famous Nu Wa Chang, who turned into gods and lived in the wilderness and corridor of Li Guang."
"Huai Nan Zi Shuo Lin Pian": "The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Yin and Yang, the upper jaw gave birth to ears, and the mulberry forest gave birth to arms and hands, making it seventy."
"Peaceful Magnolia" Volume 78 quoted "Customs Pass": "It is said that heaven and earth are open and there are no people. Nu Wa is a person in the loess. If the audience can't supply it, they lead the rope in the mud and lift it like a human. "
"Yi Shi" Volume III quotes "Customs Pass": "Nu Wa became a female media when she sought a shrine, because of marriage."
Huainan Zilan Ming Chapter: "In the past, the four poles were abandoned, Kyushu was split, the sky did not overlap, the land was underdeveloped, the fire did not go out, the water was endless, animals ate people, and birds took the old and the weak." So Nu Wa refined five-colored stones to make up the sky, and the turtle's feet stood on four poles, killing the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop the lewd water. "
Boya quoted a poem as saying: "Nuwa is a spring. Those who are prosperous, their lives are also like things coming from the ground, sighing, and the emptiness is also subject to spring. "
Emperor Century: "Nu Wa's family, Feng's family, bearing blister semantics, starting from the spring".
Taihang Mountain and Nu Wa
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In Shanxi on the Loess Plateau, in addition to the burial place of Nuwa in Houcun Village, Zhaocheng Town, Hongdong, and the national-level Loi Wo Temple, which has been worshipped by emperors for thousands of years, there are also holy places for Nuwa to "make people out of soil"-Fenyin Nuwa and Fuxi in Wanrong County. More importantly, in the Taihang Mountain area in the southeast of Shanxi Province, there are a large number of relics of "refining stones to make up the sky", and many ancient memorial buildings such as Huang Yu Temple and Huang Yu Palace are scattered around these relics, making Taihang Mountain in Shanxi, which is located in the northern part of the Loess Plateau, a sacred place that occupies an important position in the cultural history of the Chinese nation except Huoshan Mountain in the middle of Shanxi Province.
For thousands of years, the myths and legends about Nu Wa's "refining stones to make up the sky" and "brother and sister getting married" have been widely circulated and known. For those beautiful and moving stories and legends, people only appreciate, revel or ponder and evaluate them, and no one seriously investigates and thinks about the causes and ins and outs of these legends and stories. "Myths and legends are the shadows of history", and the "Kunlun Mountain" mentioned in the story of Nuwa and Fuxi's "brother and sister getting married" actually refers to the Taihang Mountain area in Shanxi caused by the extension of "Kunlun Mountain" to the northwest.
But little is known so far: Taihang Mountain is also known as Taihang Mountain and Wuxing Mountain, and there were other aliases such as Nuwa Mountain and Huangmushan in ancient times. Compared with the numerous male "sons of heaven" in China's ancient feudal society for thousands of years, this honor enjoyed by Nu Wa is really unique.
According to Milo's History of the Southern Song Dynasty Road, "Nu Wa is also called" Emperor Mother ". Note' Taihang' is called' Huangmushan', and Huangmushan is also called' Nuwa Mountain'. " Cui Boyi's Preface to Gam San says: Taihang is the "imperial mother" and "Nuwa". According to "Zezhou Zhi" Volume 6 "Mountains and Rivers":
"Mangshan, Yangcheng County: four miles southeast of the county seat. It is said that Han Guangwu chased Wang Mang. Commonly known as "Wang Mang Mountain" ... Tian said: The mountain is west of Qinshui, and this mountain is the king's residence. Cui Boyi's "Ganshan Fu" says: One day's' imperial mother'. Yunnuwa tried to mend the sky here. Press: Today (Henan) Jiyuan has' Nuwa Mountain', and one day there is' Nuwa Mountain', which was called' Huangmushan' in ancient times, and the boundaries are connected. "
According to the above records, it can be seen that the only important reason for naming Taihang Mountain after "Nuwa Mountain" is that in ancient times eight or nine thousand years ago, human children carried out long-term and large-scale disaster relief activities in Taihang Mountain area after suffering from severe floods and strong earthquakes, saving the precious lives of countless Chinese sons and daughters. In ancient Shanxi, "the soil was barren and the people were pure, frugal and polite." Without experience, it is absolutely rich. "According to the ancient book Book of Rites, people in Taihang Mountain area have buildings not only in the place where Nu Wa walks and works, but also in the place where she lives.
According to Liezi Tang Wen, "Nu Wa used to be tempered into five-colored stones to make up for her (heaven) deficiency, and the rubble stood four columns. Then * * * workers and Zhuan Xu fought for the emperor. In a rage, they touched the mountain that was not enterprising, broke Tianzhu and became a Jedi. Therefore, the sky leans to the northwest, and the sun, moon and stars are embarrassed; The land is not suitable for the southeast, so all the rivers flow back. "
This record says that "the sky leans to the northwest and the ground sinks to the southeast", which can be seen with your own eyes in many places in Taihang Mountain area in southeastern Shanxi. Many mountain fault textures are in a state of decreasing dip angle, high in the northwest and low in the southeast. This geological structure can only be formed by the collision of the earth's continental plates in ancient times, which led to the uplift of the edge faults. From this point, we can see that the ancient myths and legends in China are mixed with the long memories of the ancestors of the Chinese nation on the history of ancient human disasters.
Wa Huangling is located in the south of Taihang Grand Canyon between Huguan County and lingchuan county, and it is a very important relic of Nuwa's activities. The mountain is majestic and stretches for tens of kilometers from west to east. Cars galloped along the forest road extending along the ridge, as if flying in the sky, shaking their hearts like gods. Halfway up the mountain, there is an emperor's temple, and a stone tablet is carved on the west wall of the original main hall, which records the ancient history of this temple. Unfortunately, because the surface of the tablet is coated with limewater, the inscription is scrawled and cannot be made into rubbings for study. In my opinion, the Wahuang Mausoleum and the Wahuang Temple are places where Nuwa visited Taihang Mountain. The name of Wahuangling is directly related to the alias of Taihang Mountain, namely "Nuwa Mountain" and "Huangmushan".
North of Changzhi County 15, North Tiantai Mountain in Shanghao Village, Huali, and a Wahuang Temple. It is said that Nu Wa stayed here for 7749 days. During this period, people named this hill Wang Ertai because she missed her children in Houcun, Zhao Cheng, where Nuwa people lived hundreds of miles away. Strangely, every summer solstice, no matter in the morning, noon or night, people can't see the shadow of the sun shining on the "rooftop"; Throughout the year, you can't see its mountain shadow around. Therefore, since ancient times, "no photo studio on the roof" has become one of the famous "Eight Scenes of Changzhi". The temple of the emperor in Tiantai Mountain has been destroyed, but the local people spontaneously made alms to raise funds to repair it, and now the incense is very strong.
Such buildings are also distributed in Nandanche Village, Pingshun County, Guangzhi Mountain, Qilidian, Tangxian Mountain, Weizigou, Zuoquan County and Dongfushan, Pingding County. Among them, there is a special place in Dongfushan, Pingding County. It is said that there is a big pit on the top of it, which is the "stone furnace" of the "Goddess of Mending Heaven". There are many colorful pumice stones around the pit, which are full of pores. The local people say that this is the dregs produced by Nu Wa when she was smelting stones. But geologists believe that it used to be the eruption of an ancient volcano, and those pumice stones are also the remains of volcanic activity. Local people also have different views on "refining stones to make up the sky". Shen Lu, an Amin, once wrote that Nu Wa's "refining stones to fill the sky" was invented to burn coal and create light to make up for the long, chaotic and dark nights in ancient times. Although this view is different from burning lime, it can also be discussed by discerning people.
According to local records, Tangwangshan in Suobao Village, Shexian County, Hebei Province, Beigang Village in Chengguan Town, Henan Branch, zhang jia zhuang in Linxian County, Henan Province, Lingshan in Qixian County, etc. all belong to the edge areas of Taihang Mountain, and there are traces of Nuwa. Among them, Shexian tile palace is built on the mountain, with carved beams and painted buildings, pavilions and pavilions, misty and magnificent. It is the most beautiful and brilliant memorial building among the existing ruins of Nuwa in China. According to records, it was built before the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and has very important historical and cultural value. The Huangmiao Temple in Lingshan, Qixian County, Henan Province is an ancient reconstruction building, which is related to the story of "Shang Zhouwang's erotic drama Nuwa" in the Romance of the Gods. Its historical origin can even be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and its significance and value are also very important. Judging from the distribution and naming of the above-mentioned relics, the tile palace in Shexian county and the tile temple in Qixian county belong to the places where Nuwa traveled and stayed in Taihang Mountain area.
Why is the important stage for Nu Wa's survival and activities in the north of Shanxi, rather than other places in ancient China? This is related to the geography, nature, climate, environment and other conditions in Shanxi on the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Because Shanxi is surrounded by mountains and waters, it has the necessary security, closure, confidentiality, defense and survival resources to ensure the survival and reproduction of ancient human beings, so ancient Shanxi has naturally become a natural hotbed and cradle for the survival and reproduction of Chinese ancestors. Archaeological findings show that fenglingdu in Ruicheng, Shanxi Province has the site of Xihoudu and Hehe dating back to/kloc-0.0 million years ago, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province has the site of Ding Cun dating back to 200,000-50,000 years ago, Qinshui County, Shanxi Province has the site of Xia Chuan in the Middle Stone Age dating back to/kloc-0.0 million years ago, and Jixian County, Shanxi Province has the site of Persimmon Beach dating back to/kloc-0.0 million years ago.
The fact that there are a large number of Nuwa relics in Shanxi on the Loess Plateau also provides strong evidence for the scientific judgment that Shanxi in the middle reaches of the Yellow River has been the cradle of China's history and culture since ancient times: compared with modern humans, ancient humans have very low knowledge, understanding, adaptation and defense capabilities to natural laws, except for the unpredictability and fear caused by floods and beasts, the search and selection of food sources, production tools and defense tools necessary for human survival, and the year-after-year heat and summer. Compared with the southeast plain of North China, which is endless, with thousands of miles of wilderness, nowhere to hide, no food to eat, unbearable heat and nowhere to hide in winter, Shanxi on the Loess Plateau has mountains, hills, basins, plains, rivers and lakes, mild climate, lush trees, many fishing and hunting, and diverse food sources.
In the past 20 years, many ancient cultural sites have been discovered in many places in the north and south, and some people have suggested that the development of Chinese national civilization is pluralistic and multi-centered. This view is naive. Because these discoveries are scattered and relatively isolated, neither in groups nor in chains, nor as outstanding and famous matriarchal tribal leaders as Nu Wa, nor as great historical achievements as Nu Wa, these archaeological discovery reports only have the news value of grandstanding and pleasing for a while, and can never shake and reduce the leading position and central role of China's historical and cultural cradle naturally created by Shanxi on the Loess Plateau.
Nu Wa, a historical figure in the period of ancient myths and legends in China, is the great mother of the Chinese nation. She exists in many activities in Taihang Mountain, Shanxi Province. The story about Nu Wa's "refining stones to make up the sky" is widely circulated among the people, which fully proves that Nu Wa, the great mother of the Chinese nation, has great courage, spirit, high wisdom and the ability to know and master the laws of nature and lead the people to resist and overcome natural disasters. It means that the matriarchal tribal society in the late Middle Stone Age entered the dawn of ancient civilized society in China. With the national nihilism heresy of the ancient school being gradually eliminated in the historical field; As well as the scientific interpretation of Nu Wa's myths and legends, the truth of historical facts such as "refining stones to make up the sky" and "Nu Wa's tracks", the lofty status of Nu Wa as the great mother of the Chinese nation will be increasingly determined; Her great contribution to the progress of ancient civilization in China will go down in history forever.
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