A compulsory historical mind map for senior one.

Judging from the current situation of high school history learning, many students are bored, especially unable to remember historical knowledge. Mind mapping can be used at this time, which is of great help to students' learning. Below, I have carefully arranged the mind map of compulsory one in senior one history for your reference. I hope you like it!

Senior one must have a historical mind map to appreciate the political system of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

First, the political system in Xia and Shang Dynasties

1. From abdication to hereditary throne

Around 2070 BC, Yu established Xia, and China began to have an early national political system. After Yu died, his son succeeded to the throne, and the abdication system in primitive society was replaced by the hereditary system of the throne.

2. kingship is mysterious

Rulers describe their actions as providence, and state affairs are decided by divination.

3. Initially establish an administrative management system from the central government to the local government.

There are officials in the central government and officials in local governments.

Second, the political system of the Western Zhou Dynasty

1. The hierarchical system of packet.

(1) Purpose:

Defend the Zhou royal family, effectively rule and consolidate the state power of slavery (? Feudal relatives, with Fan? )。

(2) Contents:

(1) package object? Zhou Wang gave the land and people outside Ji Wang to the royal family, heroes and descendants of ancient emperors, and asked them to establish a vassal state to defend the royal family.

(2) the obligation of the vassal? Obey Zhou Wang's orders, defend the territory, follow the battle, pay tribute and report on pilgrimage.

(3) The right of bannermen? Hereditary posts, reinstatement of Dr. Qing, establishment of officials, establishment of troops, and recruitment for service.

(3) Function:

(1) strengthened the local rule of the Zhou Emperor;

(2) Develop remote areas and expand the ruling areas;

(3) forming the overall political pattern of the Zhou royal family holding the moon;

④ Zhou became a powerful country that lasted for hundreds of years;

⑤ The aristocratic groups in the Western Zhou Dynasty formed a strict hierarchical sequence, and the Emperor of Zhou had supreme authority, and the state power tended to be strict.

(4) limitations:

The blocked vassals enjoyed considerable independence in their respective territories, which laid a hidden danger for the decline of kingship and the separation of vassals.

(5) disintegration:

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the imperial power was weakened and the enfeoffment system was destroyed (the fundamental reason was the emergence of feudal economic production mode, which made the vassal power grow stronger day by day).

During the Warring States period, the vassal states reformed one after another, abolishing the enfeoffment system and establishing the county system. After the reunification of Qin, the county system was established nationwide, and the enfeoffment system collapsed.

2. Patriarchal system of consanguinity.

(1) Definition:

A political system that maintains the political hierarchy and consolidates the rule of the country by the closeness of the paternal blood relationship. By stipulating the clan system, the position of paternal parents in the clan is established and consolidated to ensure the stability of kingship. )

(2) Purpose:

Strengthen the ruling order and solve the contradiction between nobles in power, property and land inheritance.

(3) Contents:

Inheritance system; Establish a strict system of large and small sects; Home country politics

(4) Impact:

(1) formed a hierarchical political system, which ensured the political monopoly and privileged position of the nobility and was also conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

(2) Patriarchal relationship is conducive to uniting clans, preventing internal disputes, consolidating kingship, and putting? Country? With what? Home? Closely combined.

(5) The relationship between patriarchal clan system and enfeoffment system:

Feudalism and patriarchal clan system are the two pillars of the political system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both external and internal.

The enfeoffment system is based on patriarchal clan system, and the embodiment of patriarchal clan system in political system is enfeoffment system.

3. Rites and music system

(1) Meaning:

Formulate some rules and ceremonies for the daily political and social activities of the ruling class (such as sacrifice, weddings and funerals, etc.). ) and match them with specific music.

(2) Purpose:

Better safeguard the feudal system and patriarchal clan system.

(3) Function:

Zhou Li has become a tool to maintain the hierarchy and prevent intrusion, which is conducive to the stability of the ruling order.

Summary of knowledge points of compulsory history course in senior high school The third lesson is the struggle between centralization and decentralization.

(The first main clue running through the ancient history of China: the struggle between the central and local governments)

I. Western Han Dynasty

(1) Seven-Country Rebellion

1. Reason: ① Historical reason: Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang promoted the county system, and at the same time enfeoffed princes with the same surname.

(Counties and countries are parallel, and there was a picture-looking question in the last Qingdao exam. )

(2) Direct cause: Facing the situation that the vassal state is too big to fail, Jia Yi, Chao Cuo and others wrote to advocate reducing the vassal state.

2. Process: In BC 154, Emperor Jing of Han accepted the suggestion and began to cut off the fiefs of the vassal states. Seven princes rebelled, which one was called? Seven countries rebellion? .

(B) the reform of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

1. The fundamental purpose is to strengthen imperial power and consolidate national unity.

2. Measures:

(1) Jianzhong dynasty (? China and North Korea? (Inner Korea) is a decision-making body, and the emperor's cronies are the main officials of China and North Korea, such as ministers, ministers and constant attendants. The three public institutions, originally headed by the Prime Minister, have gradually become executive bodies? Beyond? . )

Key point analysis

(2) the establishment of secretariat (secretariat is a kind of supervisor, responsible for supervising local governments)

(Analysis: After the death of the vassal king, in addition to the eldest son inheriting the throne, other sons can also obtain part of the land of the kingdom and become vassals, under the jurisdiction of the county magistrate directly controlled by the emperor. By decree, local power was weakened and the central government

Gradually strengthen local control)

3. Function:

① Positive aspects: consolidated and developed the unified situation and promoted social and economic development.

② Negative: The emperor's power was too concentrated, which led to the exclusive power of consorts and eunuchs.

(Pay attention to the connection with economy and culture. Why do you accept Dong Zhongshu culturally? To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone? Fundamentally speaking, it is determined by strengthening centralization in politics; And economically? Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business? It is also the reaction of politics to economy. )

Second, the Tang Dynasty

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties were unified after the great turmoil in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The Anshi Rebellion took place in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. The generals who took part in pacifying Anshi Rebellion and Anshi were appointed as envoys of our times, holding the emperor to make the princes, which led to the separatist situation of the buffer regions after the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

Three, Five Dynasties and Ten Countries

1, essence: the continuation and expansion of separatist forces in the late Tang Dynasty.

2. Features: frequent regime changes and relative stability in the south.

3. The reform after Zhou Shizong laid the foundation for the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Fourth, Song Taizu reform.

(In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin and Song Taizu launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao and established the Northern Song Dynasty)

1, measures to strengthen centralization

(1) Take in elite soldiers.

Unified military power? Sanya? Responsible (Sanya consists of three parts: the front hall, the guards' infantry and the guards' horses)

The Privy Council is responsible for the transfer of troops.

Military power was separated from military power, and military power was finally in the hands of the emperor.

(2) reducing real power

Military power? Privy Council

Central Committee: weakened the power and financial power of the prime minister? Thirty or forty

Execution? Under the central gate (the power of the prime minister is divided into three parts)

Local: It is stipulated that all counties are directly under the jurisdiction of the county, and civil servants are appointed as county governors, who are responsible for supervision.

(3) Money Valley

It is stipulated that the wealth of each state and county, except a part, should be transported to designated places and controlled by the central government. Thereby eliminating the material basis of local separatist forces.

2. Influence

Positive: changed the separatist situation of the vassal regions since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.

Negative: caused? Redundant staff? 、? Extra soldiers? And then what? Extra expenses? National financial crisis.

By the Northern Song Dynasty, the struggle between the central and local governments basically came to an end and ended in the victory of the central government. )

The fourth lesson is the continuous strengthening of autocratic imperial power

(The second clue that runs through the ancient history of China: the struggle between imperial power and relative power)

The establishment and evolution of the six-part system in one, three provinces

1, the establishment of three provinces and six departments (Sui and Tang Dynasties)

(1) The three provinces are Zhongshu (responsible for drafting imperial edicts), Shangshu (responsible for implementation) and Menxia (responsible for blockade and deliberation).

② There are six departments under Shangshu Province.

The role of the three provinces and six departments system: the three provinces not only cooperate with each other, but also complement each other, which improves the work efficiency;

The complete separation of powers is conducive to strengthening imperial power.

2. Development (Song Dynasty)

The governors of the three provinces basically do not participate in politics, which is also set.

(1) central gate? Responsible for administrative management

Privy Council? Be in charge of the military

③ Third Division (Salt and Iron, Degree Branch, Household Department)? Responsible for finance

3. Abolish the system of three provinces and six departments (Yuan Dynasty)

In the Yuan Dynasty, three provinces were abolished and a one-province system was implemented. Only Zhongshu Province was established, and six provinces were also included in Zhongshu Province.

Second, the strengthening of imperial power in Ming Dynasty.

1. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, following the yuan system, Zhongshu Province was established.

2. During the reign of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty.

(1) ordered the abolition of the book province, the abolition of the prime minister, by the emperor himself in charge of six. (autocratic imperial power has reached a new height)

(2) Due to the busy business, the emperor could not be in power personally, so Ming Taizu set up Diange University, but did not participate in decision-making.

3. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu in Ming Dynasty.

The cabinet was formally established, and college students began to participate in military affairs discussions. Since then, the status of the cabinet has gradually improved.

Attention:? Draft tickets? And then what? Red?

Third, the strengthening of the autocratic imperial power in Qing Dynasty.

1, early Qing dynasty: inherited the Ming system and established the cabinet. All important military affairs are handled by the meeting chaired by Wang.

2. Establishment of military departments.

(1) Time: Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty

(2) Position: I can participate in handling domestic and foreign affairs, making military and political plans, trying major cases and other government affairs, but because of the low rank of military officials, I can only kneel down and make a note.

(3) Influence: ① It simplified the procedure of handling government affairs and improved the administrative efficiency of the Qing Dynasty.

(2) The military department completely obeyed the emperor, and all military affairs were decided by the emperor alone. The establishment of the military department is an important symbol of the high development of imperial autocracy.