What is the origin of Xu surname?

The source of Xu's surname is relatively pure, mainly from the won surname. He is a descendant of Ruomu, the son of Boyi, the great grandson of the first emperor. According to legend, the trapped emperor had a granddaughter named Nvxiu. She had a great career because she ate swallow eggs. Daye married a young woman named Hua and gave birth to Boyi. Boyi actively assisted Dayu in water control. Apart from officially changing his surname to Won, Shundi married his own local woman Yao, and later gave birth to two sons, the youngest of whom was Ruomu. Because of his father's meritorious service, he was named Xu and established Xu Guo. After Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Xu existed as a vassal. Zhou Muwang's era spread to Xu Junyan, and he was the 32nd grandson of Xu Guo. He is very clever and friendly to the people, so he is deeply loved by the people and his national strength is getting stronger and stronger. At that time, Zhou Muwang liked to travel around the world and often didn't ask about state affairs. The governors complained a lot about him, so Xu Junyan had ambitions to replace Zhou Muwang. So he claimed to be Xu Yanwang and led the allied forces of various countries to March on Zhou. When Zhou Muwang learned the news, he immediately returned to Beijing and transferred troops to suppress it. Xu Yanwang had to retreat and escape. He hid in the mountains near Pengcheng. Because of his popularity, many people followed him to the mountains. This mountain was later called Xushan, hence the name Xuzhou. Therefore, he had to seal his son to live in Xu, called "Xu Zi", and continue to manage Xu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Xu was defeated by Chu, and his national strength gradually declined. In the eighth year of Zhou Dynasty, Xu was destroyed by Wu, and Xu's descendants called Xu, taking the country as their surname, and passed it down from generation to generation.

The origin of Xu surname is introduced in detail:

As early as ancient times, there were four tribes living in the vast land of China. That is, the Yanhuang Group in the west and the Central Plains, also known as Huaxia Group; Dongyi Group in the east; Miao people in the south; Baiyue Group on the southeast coast. Xu's ancestor was an important leader of Dongyi Group.

Dongyi nationality is a tribal group with birds as its totem. This is because this area has been a good place for all kinds of birds to inhabit and migratory birds to stay since ancient times. People living here naturally eat birds, take feathers as clothes, take birds as their main source of life everywhere, and finally develop into totem worship of birds. In this regard, we can also see from the original meaning of the word Yi that the interpretation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty is: "Yi is arrogant and from the east." It can be seen that barbarians are good at shooting, and it can also be inferred that shooting is the main lifestyle of this group. With the strengthening of totem worship of birds, birds gradually began to be the names and symbols of clans and tribes, and then gradually developed into surnames. For example, the four surnames of Dongyi Group, Yan (Yan), Yan, Zi (Yan, bird) and Feng (phoenix bird) are derived from this.

Shao Hao, who won the surname, was also written as "Shao Hao", "Shao Yi" and "Shaogao" in ancient books, and was known as one of the three emperors and five emperors, also known as "Zhu Xuan", "Bai Di", "Western Emperor", "Jin Shi Tian" and "Poor Sangshi". From the name of Shao Hao, we can also see its relationship with birds. The stork is a kind of raptor. There are many stories about the birth of Shao Hao, which is very legendary. One of the legends is Mother and Daughter Festival, also known as Huang E. A meteor who dreams of getting pregnant at night gives birth to Shao Hao. Shao Hao became the leader of this clan when he grew up, and later became the leader of the whole Dongyi tribal alliance. At first, the mysterious bird, the swallow, was used as the totem of this tribe. Later, when poor Mulberry became the leader of the major league, a phoenix flew in and was overjoyed. Therefore, the phoenix was changed to the clan god and worshipped the phoenix totem. He quickly moved the capital to Qufu and named the tribes under his jurisdiction after birds, which were divided into five tribes: Phoenix, Xuanniao, Zhao Bo, Jade Bird and Danniao. In addition to these five tribes, it is divided into five clans: Zhu's dove, cuckoo's dove, owl's dove, double dove, stork's dove, and magpie's pheasant.

During Shao Hao's reign, he revised the Tai Hao Law, took the bird name as the official name, and set up an industrial festival and an agricultural festival to manage handicrafts and agriculture respectively and develop production. At the same time, he also "calibrated", that is, formulated measurement standards, observed astronomical phenomena, made calendars, invented musical instruments and created music. Under his leadership, Dongyi Group has made great progress. At the same time, it has also established a very close communication relationship with Yanhuang Group. For example, he took in and raised Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and his tribe, and decided that Zhuan Xu would take over as the leader of his Dongyi tribe alliance after his death. Shao Hao reigned for 84 years and lived 100 years. Some people say that he was in office 100 and was buried in Qufu after his death. Located 4 kilometers east of Qufu, the mausoleum is pyramid-shaped, with a bottom length of 28 meters, a top length of 9.4 meters, a slope height of 15.2 meters, and a temple on it. The whole cemetery covers an area of 1 10000 square meters, and consists of buildings such as palace gate, main hall, attached hall and stone square.

After Shao Hao's death, the Dongyi Tribal Alliance was taken over by Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, at the age of twenty. Zhuan Xu and Levin are one of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Smart since childhood, it is said that at the age of ten, he became the leader of this tribe and led his clan to move to the location of Dongyi Group. However, why did he lead the clan to move to the poor mulberry area where Dongyi Group was located? There is no way to prove it, but there is no doubt that he won the trust of Shao Hao. Eight years later, Shao Hao died, and Zhuan Xu succeeded to the throne and became the leader of the Dongyi Tribal Alliance. Soon, the ruling center moved back to the Central Plains, which is now Puyang, Henan Province, and many Dongyi tribes followed suit. After Zhuan Xu moved back to the Central Plains, he succeeded his grandfather Huang as the leader of the Yanhuang tribal alliance and the leader of the two major tribal alliances, which greatly promoted the great integration of the Chinese nation. After 78 years in office, Zhuan Xu, who was nearly 100 years old, died. Zhuan Xu Mausoleum Site is located at 1.5km west of Sanxiangzhuang, Neihuang County, Henan Province. It is 240 meters long from north to south and 130 meters long from east to west. It has a treasure city, a hall and a balcony. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the Song Dynasty. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, whenever the Spring and Autumn Period or the Yuan Dynasty changed, the emperor sent envoys to sacrifice. During the reign of Xuan Tong in Qing Dynasty, a tornado covered the cemetery with sand. In recent years, with the movement of sand dunes, some buildings are exposed on the ground.

Xu is a descendant, and he had contacts with Zhuan Xu after Zhuan Xu. In all the Xu genealogies, the blood ancestor of Xu is Ruomu, Ruomu's father is Boyi, Boyi's father is Daye, and Daye's great-grandfather is Zhuan Xu.

According to historical records, there is a granddaughter named Nvxiu in Zhuan Xu. Once, Nuxiu swallowed an egg dropped by a swallow (a dark bird), became pregnant, and gave birth to a boy named Daye. As an adult, Daye married Hua, a woman from Shaodian School of Huaxia Group, and gave birth. Also known as Yao, Gao, Yao and Tao, the word is strong.

During the period of Yu Shun, Hao Tao served as a taxi in charge of punishment, taught five punishments and five religions, which saved the world from unjust imprisonment and was famous for its fairness and integrity. In agriculture, he invented farm tools such as thunder and hook, which made great contributions to the development of agriculture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River for various clans and tribes in Dongyi. At the same time, he also participated in Dayu's water control project, worked closely with Dayu and tried his best to establish Dayu's prestige among the people. Although he was not inferior to Dayu in "knowing people" and "reassuring people", when Shun died, he actively recommended and supported Dayu to ascend to the throne and became the leader of the Central Plains Huaxia Tribal Alliance. Dayu was very grateful to him and thought he was the most moral person, so he chose Hao Tao as his successor and granted him the power to handle government affairs. I was going to meditate with him at an appropriate time, but Hao Tao died soon. Dayu was very sad, so he divided the areas of Britain (now yingshan county, Hubei Province) and Lu 'an (now Lu 'an County, Anhui Province) to his descendants. Today, Gao Tao's Tomb is a circular mound 8 kilometers east of Lu 'an County and on the north side of Lu 'an-Hefei Highway, with a circumference of 97 meters, a top height of 6.2 meters and a top surface diameter of 4 meters. There is a tablet in front of the tomb, written by Wu Kunxiu, Anhui Buzheng envoy, in the eighth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1869). There is a chestnut tree on the tomb, which looks like an umbrella cover. In the east of the mausoleum 14 meters, there is Hao Tao Temple, which is a quadrilateral building with two entrances. Because of Hao Tao's good reputation and great influence at that time, later generations called Lu 'an County Hao Tao for short.

Legend has it that Hao Tao had six sons, the rest were sealed in Britain and six other places, and then small kingdoms such as Britain, Six Kingdoms and Shu Qun were established one after another. Only Fei Da, the eldest son, assisted Shun and Dayu for a long time and made great contributions. He was given the surname of Won by Shun and inherited the orthodox surname of Won, that is, the tribe of Won left over. Since then, his brother has inherited Yan's family and developed to the south. Yan's surname and its successor's surname are regarded as blood ancestors, while Bo Yi's surname and Qin, Xu, Zhao and Huang's surname are regarded as blood ancestors, and their descendants mainly live in southern Shandong or the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, or move to the northwest.

Boyi is also called "Bo", "Bo", "Bai" and "Hua Yi" or simply "Yi" because "Bo" originally means "boss". Due to Zuo Shun's meritorious service, he was awarded a fee. Therefore, it is also called Fei Da and Guan Hou. Because Shao Hao's winning family took the phoenix bird as the totem, Boyi naturally took the phoenix bird as the totem after being given the surname of winning, and became the orthodox surname of winning. As can be seen from his name, Yi also wrote a lot about this, but according to the explanation in Li Sao's Note, it is "the alias of Emperor Feng". Boyi is a legendary and outstanding hero in the history of the Chinese nation. Legend has it that Boyi understands bird language and can tame birds and beasts. "Zuo Shun tames birds and beasts, and birds and beasts are tamed." This was very surprising and convincing when productivity was extremely low at that time. Boyi also invented the method of divination at the age of eight. When he was very young, he assisted Shun with his father Hao Tao. "Shun made Zhang Yi make a fire, while Mount Yilie burned it, and all animals fled." Burning trees to drive away animals can quickly open up a large area of flat land, and at the same time, the ashes after burning vegetation are fertilizer, which greatly facilitates the development of clan tribes and farmland reclamation and greatly accelerates the development of social productive forces. In Lu's "Spring and Autumn Annals" and other books, stories such as "Bo Yi makes wells" and "turning benefits into wells" are also mentioned. This shows that China ancient sinking technology was invented by Boyi. The invention of sinking technology greatly expanded the living space of ancient ancestors. Before the invention of sinking technology, ancestors lived near rivers and lakes and were threatened by it every rainy season. After the invention of sinking technology, ancestors could enter the vast plain area relatively far away from rivers and lakes for survival and development. Therefore, for the invention of sinking technology, no matter what words we use today to praise it. Boyi also played a very important role in Dayu's water control. So that after Dayu succeeded in harnessing water, he actually reported to Shun: "If you don't give it, you will make up a lot of money." Shun was very grateful and married a woman named Yao. Later, two sons were born: Da Lian and Ruomu. At the same time, he said to Boyi, "I will give you money to praise the foolish old man, and you will swim with soap, and then you will have a big heir." Shun's words are true. Later, the descendants of Boyi's victorious surname were divided into more than ten surnames, including Xu, Huang, Zhao, Qin and Jiang, all of whom respected him as the blood ancestor.

When Dayu was in office, he planned to cede the position of leader to Hao Tao. After Hao Tao's death, Dayu was ready to abdicate to Boyi, and in his later years he granted Boyi power to help him manage all tribal and clan affairs. He died and passed it on to Boyi. But Boyi, like his father Hao Tao, is weaker than power. After mourning for Dayu for three years, he voluntarily gave the position of leader to Yu's son, Kai, and lived in seclusion in the north of Jishan. Qi thus established the first slavery dynasty in Chinese history-Xia. Because of this behavior, Kay completely abandoned the long-standing tradition of "ruling the world" in clan society and replaced it with "ruling the world at home" in civilized society. For the stability and long-term of the regime, it is necessary to clean up and purge those influential and powerful clan forces and celebrities who adhere to the past traditions, and the prestigious Boyi is naturally not spared. According to "The Warring States Policy" and "The History of the Later Han Dynasty", after Xia Qi ascended the throne, after a period of adjustment, the regime was basically stable and he began to attack Boyi. In the sixth year of Xia Qi, Boyi was killed. It is said that he was over 200 years old. In order to win people's hearts, Boyi was buried with a grand ceremony, and the second son of Boyi was named Ruomu, that is, the areas in northeastern Anhui, southwestern Shandong and northern Susie centered on Sixian County, Anhui Province today. Since then, the context of Xu's surname has become clear. The main branch of the Xu family has thus multiplied, developed and grown. If it is wood, it will become the Xu's blood ancestor basically recognized by later generations.

Because of his father's work, Ruomu was sealed in Xu in summer, and Xu State was established. His hometown was in northwest Jiangsu and northeast Anhui. Xu Guoli was a vassal in Xia, Shang and Wednesday, and when he was there, he spread to Sun XXXII, Xu Yunyan. At that time, Xu was already very powerful and wanted to take a cruise. In foreign times, he was called the son of heaven. He claimed to lead the allied forces to attack Zhou. When King Mu got the news, he took Zhao Fukai's car to Kyoto day and night, mobilized troops to suppress it, abandoned the country and hid in the mountains around Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Because of his popularity, thousands of people followed him into the mountains. This mountain was later called Xushan, hence the name Xuzhou. In the later Zhou Dynasty, King Mu named the son of the Prince of Yan Juxu (now Sihong, Jiangsu Province), still known as "Xu Zi". During the Spring and Autumn Period, Xu was defeated by Chu, and his national strength gradually weakened. The 11th grandparents and grandchildren were finally annexed by the State of Wu in eight years (50 BC), and later generations took the country as their surname and praised it.

In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, the clan named Xu was already relatively strong, forming a square country, which was called Xu Fang in the history books. Because he belongs to Dongyi Group, Xu, who won the surname, certainly expressed great understanding and support in the merchant rebellion after the destruction of the merchants in the Zhou Dynasty, which is also the reason why the merchant clan did not split after the counter-insurgency in the early Zhou Dynasty. However, with the strengthening and consolidation of the influence of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it will inevitably threaten Xu Fang's interests and survival. As a result, Xu Fang and the Zhou Dynasty broke out more than once, and as a result, they won and lost each other. This is recorded in the relevant documents of pre-Qin and later generations. Book of rites? Tan Gong recorded the memory of Dr. Xu's accommodation: "In the past, he was the king of horses, and western learning helped the river." The object of the Western Expedition must be the Zhou Dynasty, and the residence may be the monarch of Xu in the early Zhou Dynasty. The army has reached the Yellow River, which shows the strength of military strength. Moreover, Xu is also a king, on an equal footing with the Zhou royal family, which is naturally intolerable. These birds have been conquering when they were in Shandong. Historical records? "Lu Shijia" contains: "Lead the teacher to cut it, make" Flying Stone ",ping Xu Rong, Dinglu." The Book of Songs? The article "Kan Gong" says: "The merit of Lu Hou, ... abandoned Xu Zhai." Nothing grows, and the meaning is still unfinished. Under the pressure of the ostrich army, Xu had to move south and move to the Huaihe River Basin. Therefore, Guo Xu is also called Huaiyi and Xu Yi. Because of repeated wars and defeats, it is also called Xu Rong.

After Guo Xu moved south, he still maintained a strong national strength. On the one hand, it will stabilize the surrounding situation and crack down on countries that are at odds with him, including Shu or other tribes with the same surname Xu. On the other hand, he is actively preparing for the war.

According to ancient books, King Zhao of Zhou died in Hanshui, which was largely related to the conquest of Xu and Chu. When I arrived in Zhou Muwang, Xu Yanwang was in power and the country was prosperous. According to "Bamboo Book Year", in the 13th year, Xu Rong invaded Romania. According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of Dongyi introduced: "After Xu Yi and posthumous title, Jiuyi attacked Zhou Zong and reached Hexi. King Mu was afraid of his arrogance, but he was divided into eastern countries and ordered Xu Yanwang to take charge. Rebecca lies 500 miles east of Huangchi. Righteousness, the land is in the six countries. " The whole East is managed by the government, and it can compete with the Zhou royal family and become the king of the East.

In the history of Xu, he is the most important ancestor after Xu. This is because in the relevant historical documents and Xu genealogy, it has almost become synonymous with benevolence and righteousness, which has led to almost all Xu genealogy. If some surnames can be traced back to the source, they can basically be traced back to Xu Yanwang. If it goes back, Xu Yanwang will be regarded as the most important part. In various Xu genealogies, it is considered as the 31st grandson of Ruomu, that is, from Boyi to * * * XXXIII.

After entering the Spring and Autumn Period, with the gradual decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the decline of political control, the vassal states in the Central Plains rose in succession, contending for power and profit, and having no time to look south, while the forces of Chu in the south just rose and have not yet gone north. In this political vacuum, Xu also took the opportunity to annex some small neighboring countries, including Shu, and began his own road of revival, constantly waging wars with countries such as Beiqi and Lu, with Chu in the south and Wu in the later. With the growing strength and hegemony of Qi and Chu, Xu became the object of contention between the two countries. At the beginning, I got too close to Qi, which caused the dissatisfaction of Chu. In the spring of 646 BC, the Chu people attacked Xu, but they failed despite being rescued by the troops of Qi and Cao in the north. With the decline of Qi's status and national strength after the death of Duke Huan, Xu's political attitude gradually moved closer to Chu. This has aroused the dissatisfaction of Kim, a great northern country. However, because the forces of Jin and Chu are roughly equal, it is difficult to win or lose at one time. In this case, Jin accepted the suggestion of escaping from the state of Chu and helped the emerging state of Wu to train troops to contain the state of Chu. According to the article in the seventh year of Zuo Zhuan (584 BC), the gradual strength of Wu was "cutting Chu, cutting nests and cutting Xu" in that year. At the beginning of the dispute between Wu and Chu in the south, Xu Guoli sought to remain neutral and maintain good relations with Wu. If the Wu people went to the north, they had to pass through Guo Xu, and at this time, Guo Xu treated them warmly. On one occasion, Wu passed Xu Shi, and Xu was hospitable. When he saw Ji Zha's sword, he liked it very much, and his appearance was obvious. When he returned to China, Xu was already dead. After going to worship at Xu's tomb, he hung his sword on the tree in front of the tomb. People are confused. Ji Zha explained, "I know Xu Jun likes my sword, but I can't give it to him, because I was the ambassador to China at that time, but I already promised. Now I will come back and hang it on his grave, even though I am dead. "

This neutral attitude of Xu caused serious dissatisfaction of Chu. In 538 BC, the vassal states led by Guo Xu were arrested at the meeting. At that time, there were Cai, Chen, Xu and other countries, as well as Dun, Hu and Shen (all at the junction of Henan and Anhui) and. Chu took the opportunity to conquer Zhu Fang. Two years later, Xu Chu hired Chu (a neighbor of Wang Yichu (King Jin+King Rui) since ancient times) and lost his loyalty to Chu.

In 530 BC, Chu conquered Xu again, and Xu's power became weaker and weaker, so he had to attach himself to Chu in order to survive. In this way, we offended the old enemy of Chu, Qi. In 524 BC, the State of Qi conquered Xu, forcing Xu to turn around and join the State of Qi. In the second year, Xu formed an alliance with Song, Yan and Nan to jointly resist the invasion of Wu in the north. Under the strong pressure of Chu, Xu finally defected to Chu, which greatly angered Wu, the enemy of Chu. In 5 12 BC, Wu Pai army attacked Xu and built a dam to divert water to irrigate Xu Capital. When the city was broken, Zhang Yu (also known as Zhang Yu), the eleventh grandson, "broke up and married" and fled to Chu and settled in Yi (now the assembly place of the city god in the southeast of Bo County, Anhui Province). Xu officially destroyed the country.

After the death of Xu Guo, members of the Xu clan still took the country as their surname and were proud of it. Despite the disaster of national subjugation, this heart did not change until hundreds of years later, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, it took a surname.

After the country perished, many people stayed in their original places. One of them, the program, became the doctor of Wu. In 485 BC, he led a shipmaster to attack Qi from all over the country. Some of them moved west and north, and entered today's Shandong, Henan and Shanxi areas. A considerable number of the rest migrated south. When I first moved to Yuchang, it was called earth and water in ancient times. According to the records of reading history books, "soil and water are the Chuhe River", which is now the Chuhe River in Chuxian County, Anhui Province. Later, some of them crossed the Yangtze River and entered southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hubei. This can be seen from some local place names and unearthed inscriptions related to Xu's surname. There is Yuhang Mountain near Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Yuhang County is Qin's hometown, and the rest is connected with Xu, as mentioned above. There are many streams in the north of Huzhou, many pavilions on the stream, many dry mountains in Changxing nearby, and Huiji Mountain in the south of Shaoxing, which was called Tu Tu Mountain in ancient times. There is painting water in Xianning county, Hubei province, and the place where it enters the river is called Tukou, which can prove it. In addition, a number of bronzes have been unearthed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, some of which can be clearly identified as (dangerous+degree) vessels, that is, Xu vessels. 1April, 979, three bronzes were unearthed in Jing' an county, Jiangxi province, which can be identified as (jade+degree) vessels.

Second, migration distribution.

In ancient times, Ruomu was named Xu Guo, which is the earliest birthplace of Xu in the north of Fengyang County, Anhui Province. When Xu died, Xu who lived here was already famous. Later, they moved to the north. Roughly after the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties until the Sui and Tang Dynasties, many counties and counties were formed in Shandong and Henan in the north of China. And Gudong Sea, Gaoping, Dongwan and other places. The specific time of the relocation was: Qin had moved to Shandong before. There was a Japanese ancestor, Xu Fu, also called Xu Shi, who crossed the ocean to seek the elixir of life. There are many records in history. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" wrote: "Qi Xu wrote that there are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Zhangzhou, so please bring your children and men to ask for it, so they sent it. Although the story of Xu's visit to the elixir of life is different in different historical books, it provides a strong proof for Xu's migration to Shandong more than two thousand years ago. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xu family had moved to today's Gansu Province. In other words, in the Han Dynasty, the Xu family had been transplanted to vast areas in the north. Xu moved south earlier than other surnames. According to the Xu Family Tree of Donghai Hall, during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Xu Zhi, the ancestor of the clan, moved to Nanchang, Jiangxi. 2. Sai-jo moved to Longyou, Zhejiang; Ancestors lived in many places in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and other provinces. Secondly, Xu's large-scale southward migration began in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and further developed in southern China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Xu moved from Shicheng, Jiangxi to Shanghang and Liancheng, Fujian. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Xu family mainly spread in Fengshun, Meixian and Haifeng in Guangdong. In short, the Xu family was mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China during the Qin and Han Dynasties, especially in Shandong. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Tang Dynasty, the Xu family mainly spread in the Huaihe River Basin and most of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been distributed in the vast Jiangnan area. As for the large-scale reproduction of the Xu family in southwest China, it was after the Song Dynasty.

Distribution of Xu surnames of ethnic minorities:

There are also some Xu surnames among ethnic minorities other than Han nationality. Except for the Zhong surname of She nationality, which may be a branch of Xu surname, there was a Xu surname among northern Miao people in the Northern Wei Dynasty, whether it originated from the won surname or whether the Miao people changed their surnames later, it is impossible to verify. Xu Shipu, the minister of Chen in the Southern Dynasties, was a Ba.

Xu Shipu (509-563), a Ba native, was born in Xing Zong. Badong Yufu (now East Baidi City, Fengjie, Sichuan) was born. He lives in Jingzhou and is the head coach. Brave and strong, good at water warfare. At the end of the beam, a public official, rode a regular servant and led the water army. Since Stuart defeated Hou Jing, he was appointed as a general. Take Guan Qi as a regular servant, and Hedong as a satrap. Later, in order to fight against the Western Wei Dynasty, he was promoted to General Zhong, General Zhennan and General Defending the Army. When Liang Jingdi was the left general Wei, he was in charge of water warfare equipment and made outstanding achievements. After the establishment of the Chen Dynasty, he successively served as a special minister, a general to protect the army, a general to Anxi, a satrap of the blind city, and a doctor to you Guanglu. Chen Wendi Tian Jia died of illness in four years.

Xu Gao, a famous painter in the Song Dynasty, is a Bai nationality and is good at painting fish.

During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the Tu nationality had a surname Bubu, which was later changed to Xu. Later gentry also had Xu surname, which was later changed by the family and Xu Bu family.

In the Ming Dynasty, there was a Mongolian named Xu Sheng, whose original name was seventy-five. In the early years of Leshui, he joined the Ming Dynasty. He is alert, good at translating Chinese characters and won trust. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, most ethnic minorities in the northwest and north participated, and officials were very tired of directing affairs and the same knowledge.

In the Qing Dynasty, there was a Korean named Xu who lived in Kashan. According to the records of the Eight Banners Manchu Tongzhi, Xu Dayong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty and wore a white flag. His great-grandson, Xu Zongshun, was a general officer with eight products, and Xu Zongmeng was a general officer with six products. In the Qing Dynasty, the stone drum basin in Lijiang, Yunnan Province was always Xu and Naxi. After the Qing Dynasty, a few Manchu dolls changed their surnames to Han nationality.

Besides the Han nationality, there are Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang, Miao, Korean, Tu, Shui, Tibetan, Gelao, Lahu, Jingpo, Achang, Buyi, Ewenki, Dong, Hani, Yi, Tujia, Uygur, Xibe and Daur. For example, the Xu surname of Jingpo nationality was changed by Leto, and the Xu surname of Achang nationality was changed by Laxi. Most of today's ethnic minorities are Manchu, such as Xu Shao, Adrian Xu, Xu, Xu, Xu Chengshan, Xu, Xu, Xu, Xu, Xu, Xu, Xu Chongyuan, Xu Deming and so on. Uighurs have Xu Khan, Koreans have Xu Qixi, Zhuang people have Xu Hehu, Hui people have Xu Hehu, Tujia people have Xu Hehu, and Bai people have Xu Lin.

Contemporary distribution of Xu surname

Today, Xu's surname has become the most popular surname of the Chinese nation, ranking l 1, with a population of nearly 20 million, all over the country, and there are footprints of Xu's surname on five continents. Xu in Taiwan Province Province mainly lives in Hsinchu and Miaoli. There are many Xu surnames in Chinese mainland, especially in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces, accounting for about 65% of the population of Han Xu in China. According to a sample survey of 74,900 people in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Liaoning, Guangdong, Fujian and other seven provinces and cities in recent years, it is found that there are 2,576 people with the surname of Xu * *, accounting for 1.473 of the total number of people surveyed, and in the surveyed1/kloc-.

Among the 24,948 Beijingers surveyed, 309 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 1.243 of the total number of people surveyed and 14 of the 5 surnames surveyed.

Of the 25,092 Shanghainese surveyed, 1034 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 4. 12 1, ranking fourth among the 39 1 surnames surveyed.

Among the 23,795 Shaanxi people surveyed, 209 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 0.878 of the total number of people surveyed, ranking second1among the 456 surnames surveyed.

Among the 25,239 Sichuanese people surveyed, 363 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 1.438 of the total number of people surveyed, ranking 18 among 52 1 surnames surveyed.

Among the 25,029 Liaoning people surveyed, 352 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 1.406 of the total number of people surveyed, ranking 12 among the 447 surnames surveyed.

Among the 25,244 Fujian people surveyed, 160 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 0.634 of the total number of people surveyed, ranking 24th among the 246 surnames surveyed. Among the 25,646 Cantonese people surveyed, 149 are surnamed Xu, accounting for 0.58 1 of the total number of people surveyed, ranking 37th among the 298 surnames surveyed.