Sparrows know what swan's ambition means.

Interpret the sparrow's ambition and know the swan;

How can a sparrow know the great ambition of a swan, and how can an ordinary person know the ambition of a hero?

source

"Swallows learn about the ambition of a swan" comes from Historical Records, Chen She Family, and also from "Happy Travel" in Zhuangzi.

original text

Chen She Shi Jia

Sima Qian

Chen Shengsheng, a native of Yangcheng, is involved in words. Wu Guangzhe, Yang Xiaren, is an uncle. When Chen She was young, he tried to plow with people's servants, and he was disappointed for a long time in his fallow ridge. He said, "If you have money, you will never forget each other." The servant smiled and replied, "If you are a servant, how can you be rich?" Chen She sighed, "oh! Swallows know the ambition of swans! "

In July of the first year of the second year, the left guard Yuyang, 900 people in osawa township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu became captains of chariots. It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has already been lost. When time is lost, the law will be cut. Chen Sheng and Guangwu said, "If you die today, you will die. How can you die if you wait to die? " Chen Sheng said: "Ku Jin suffers all over the world. I heard that II had a younger son, but it was not done properly. It was done by his son Fu Su. Fu Su admonished foreign generals with several words. If you are not guilty today, you will be killed by II. Many people have heard of their sages, but they don't know their death. Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, made many contributions and loved foot soldiers. The Chu people pitied him. Or think of death, or think of death. Today, I sincerely call myself Fu Su, Xiang Yan and sing for the world. I should respond more actively. " Guangwu thinks so. The soothsayer knew what this meant. He said, "Everything is difficult at the beginning, and you have merit. However, the ghost of the first step! " Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought of ghosts and said, "This teaches me to show my ears first." It is written in Dan Shu that "Chen Shengwang" was put in the belly of a fish. Strangely, a pawn bought fish to cook and got a book in the fish's stomach. There is a bonfire in the temple next to Wu. what does the fox say said, "Chu Xing, Chen!" All the soldiers are afraid at night. On the day of his death, stroke often talked, all referring to Chen Sheng.

Wu Guang loves his wife, and his foot soldiers are mostly users. Drunk the captain, so he said he wanted to die, angered the captain and humiliated him to anger his public. Weiguo kuan Wei Jianting, widely circulated, captured and killed the captain. Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. The summoner said, "If it rains, it's overdue. Cut it off. Don't cut it first, but stick to it. If a strong man dies, he will become famous, and princes will have descendants! " All the disciples said, "I respect your commands." Fu Su and Xiang Yan, two sons, are pretending to obey the people. To the right is called Dachu. Alliance altar, sacrifice to the captain. Bobby Chen became a general and Guangwu became a captain. Attack osawa Township, and then attack. In this case, Commander Ying Ge turned his soldiers to the east. Attack, hairpin, bitter, zhe, qiaocheng all fall. Line back, than to Chen, six or seven hundred by car, riding a thousand, tens of thousands of people died. When attacking Chen, Chen Shouling was away, and he was fighting alone. Fu Sheng and Shou Cheng died according to Chen. A few days later, the monastery called three elders, heroes and everyone to the finance room. The three elders and all the heroes said, "The general is determined to win, and the attack is invincible. He has destroyed Qin and rebuilt Chu, so he deserves to be king." Chen Sheng was crowned king, posthumous title Zhang Chu. At this time, all the counties harmed by Qin officials were punished by their officers and killed in response.

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Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng. Guangwu is from Yang Xia, and he is an uncle. When Chen She was young, he was hired to farm the land with others. He stopped farming and went to rest on the ridge. He sighed for a long time because of disappointment and said, "whoever has money, don't forget everyone." The companion who farmed together smiled and replied, "How did you make a fortune as a farm laborer?" Chen Sheng said with a sigh, "alas! How do sparrows know the ambition of swans? "

In July of the first year of Qin Ershi, the court recruited the poor to garrison Yuyang, and stationed 900 people in osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu were incorporated into the garrison and served as captains of chariots. It happened to rain heavily and the road was blocked. I guess it was delayed. Missed the deadline. According to the law of the Qin Dynasty, everyone should be beheaded. Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu and said, "Even if you run away, you are dead. If you revolt, you are dead. Is it okay to die for national affairs? " Chen Sheng said: "People all over the world have been ruled and persecuted by the Qin Dynasty for a long time. I heard that Qin Ershi, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang, should not be an emperor, but a childe Fu Su. Because of Fu's repeated remonstrance, the emperor sent troops abroad. Now some people hear that he is innocent, but Qin Ershi killed him. Most people heard that he was clever, but they didn't know that he was dead. Xiang Yan is a general of Chu. He has repeatedly made meritorious military service and cared for soldiers. People in Chu love him very much. Some people think he is dead, others think he has run away. Now, if we pretend that our people are the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan, as the first player in the world, there should be many people responding. " Guangwu thinks he is right. So they went to divination. The fortune teller understood their intention and said, "You can all succeed in great things and build your achievements. However, have you ever asked about ghosts? " Bobby Chen and Guangwu are very happy. They thought about the diviner and said, "This is just to teach us to scare everyone with ghosts and gods." So he wrote on the silk with vermilion: Chen Sheng is king. "The fish in the belly was caught by others. The soldiers bought fish and cooked it. When they found the silk book in the fish's stomach, they were already stunned by it. Chen Sheng secretly sent Guangwu to the temple in the jungle next to the station. At night, he carried a lantern and shouted in a shrill voice like a fox howling: "Great Chu will prosper, and Chen Sheng will be king." "The soldiers were afraid all night. The next day, the soldiers talked about it, just pointing at each other and pointing at Bobby Chen.

Guangwu always cares about soldiers, and most soldiers are willing to listen to him. One day, the general commander who escorted the garrison was drunk. Guangwu deliberately said many times that he wanted to escape, which made the general commander very angry and made him insult himself to anger the soldiers. Can Wei really use bamboo boards to fight Guangwu? Guangwu drew his sword to kill Guangwu, jumped up, snatched the sword and killed the captain. Chen Sheng helped him and killed two commanders together. (So Chen Sheng) summoned and ordered his subordinates to say, "You all missed the deadline in heavy rain, and if you missed the deadline, you would be beheaded. If it was only from execution, but the people guarding the frontier fortress would have died six or seven tenths. Besides, if a strong man dies, he will gain great fame. Will princes have natural noble species? " All the subordinates said, "I am willing to obey your orders." So they pretended to be childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan's team and obeyed the wishes of the people. All show their right arms (as a sign of the uprising), which is called Dachu. Build a high platform with earth, take an oath on the platform, and sacrifice the captain's head to the sky with (2). Chen Sheng was appointed general and Guangwu was appointed captain. They attacked osawa Township, incorporated the rebels into osawa Township and then attacked Qixian County. After capturing Qi, Ying Ge led the army to capture the eastern part of Qi. Chen Sheng attacked Luo, Dan, Kuzhe and Joe and captured them alive. Soldiers were allowed to March along the road during the parade. In Chen county, there are six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of soldiers. When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and the county magistrate were absent, and only the defenders led the troops to fight against the insurgents in the city gate cave. (guarding the city) If you can't win, the army will be defeated and die, and the insurgents will enter the city and occupy Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng ordered a meeting of local disciplined squires and talented squires. "General, you personally wear armor, holding a sharp weapon, crusade against the ruthless Qin Dynasty, and restore the establishment of Chu. According to the credit, you should be king. " Chen Sheng was made king, and the name of his country was Zhang Chu. At this time, all the people in the counties who had suffered from the Qin officials responded to Chen Sheng's call and rose up to punish the local county officials and kill them.

To annotate ...

(1) Shi Jia is a biography of Historical Records, which is mainly written for generals. Although Chen Sheng was born in a peasant family, he made great contributions to the Qin Dynasty and established the "Zhang Chu" regime, so he was endowed with an important historical position and included in the "aristocratic family".

(2) Yangcheng: southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province today.

③ Yang Xia (Ji M: Taikang County, Henan Province today.

(4) Try to plow with others: I have been employed to plow with others. Servant, employed.

(5) On the ridge of the field: stop farming and rest on the ridge of the field. One: verb, go, go.

(6) Regret for a long time: regret for a long time because of disappointment. Disappointed, depressed, unhappy.

(7) If: pronoun, especially Bobby Chen.

(8) Swallows know the ambition of swans (hú): How can swallows know the ambition of swans? Swallows and sparrows are metaphors for short-sighted people. Swan, swan, is a metaphor for people with great ambitions.

(9) The first year of II: 209 BC. After the death of Qin Shihuang, his youngest son, Hu Hai, succeeded to the throne and was called the second.

(10) Send Zuo Shi (zhé) to guard Yuyang: Send the poor to guard Yuyang. Lv Zuo refers to the poor. In ancient times, the poor lived in Luzuo, while the rich lived in Lv You. Fit (zhé) garrison, sent to guard the border.

(1 1) All on duty (háng): all assigned to the garrison. When doing, when in the column.

Creation background

This article is the biographies of Chen She and Guangwu, the leaders of this uprising. This paper truly and completely describes the cause, process and ending of the peasant uprising, and embodies the wisdom, courage and fearless struggle spirit of the peasant class. The article also vividly describes the images of Chen She and Guangwu. Chen She was born in a farm worker's family, with great ambition and political foresight. He demanded that the people be liberated from the "bitter Qin"; He is smart and decisive, and has outstanding talents in organizing the masses, formulating strategies and directing wars. He deserves to be an outstanding leader of the peasant class. Although Guangwu's description is brief, he also shows extraordinary wit, courage and rebellious spirit from his deeds such as plotting an uprising and luring the enemy to kill generals. On them, they all fully demonstrated the heroic spirit of the ancient working people in China who were unwilling to endure the dark rule and "willing to cut the Emperor". The article also describes the disharmony and cannibalism within the rebel army, and Chen She's pursuit of pleasure, treachery and separation from the masses after he became king, which shows the limitations of the peasant class.

Make an appreciative comment

The article "Chen She Family" was written in the order of events. To write about the process of the uprising, we should first write about the reasons and plans before the uprising, and then write about the outbreak and development of the uprising until the establishment of the political power. The background is very clear. In the narrative, the causal writing is adopted. To write the motives of the uprising, first write the harsh laws of Qin; Write about the occurrence of the uprising, then the cruelty of the commander, and so on. All of them are reasonable, which strongly highlights the justice of the uprising. Through the description of typical details, this paper fully shows the process of the uprising, its great momentum and the mental outlook of its leaders, thus leaving a deep impression on people.

This paper vividly describes the historical process from the Daze Township Uprising to the establishment of Zhang Chu regime, and reproduces the heroic qualities of two uprising leaders, Chen Sheng and Guangwu. Bobby Chen's class consciousness is high and he has "great ambition". This is manifested in the dialogue between servants and companions, and in the speeches of the two commanders to their disciples after they were killed, especially the words "the princes would rather plant", which is a powerful denial and criticism of the feudal hereditary system. It is precisely because of his foresight and inspirational words that he can receive the effect of "respecting orders" every day. As the leader of the uprising, Chen Sheng and Guangwu were quick-witted and decisive, and made careful plans and arrangements for the uprising. "It will rain heavily, the road will be impassable, and the temperature has been lost." If time fails, the law will be cut "is the direct cause of the uprising of Chen She and others. Chen Sheng and Guangwu kept calm in a crisis, made a decisive decision, planned an uprising, and were determined to let the masses live, which showed that they had a good grasp of the timing of the uprising. In their plot, Bobby Chen made an incisive analysis of the current situation and grasped the social background that "the world is suffering from Ku Jin". On the basis of this analysis, we decided to use the banner of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, because "the people know more about their talents, but their deaths are unknown", "Xiang Yan made many contributions, and cherished his soldiers, and the Chu people pitied him" and "either thought of death or thought of death". This slogan is "even more so". Inspired by fortune tellers, they carefully planned two "supernatural" events, the fish belly of Dan tree and the fox sound of bonfire, which deceived the eyes and ears of other guards. They co-starred in the double reed drama of killing generals and successfully ignited the fuse of the uprising, which shows that they are good at planning. The following article "All Counties Suffer from Qin Officials" takes care of the above-mentioned "all the world suffers" and "all its officers are punished and killed to respond", which echoes the above-mentioned "those who should respond more". These two sentences show that Bobby Chen's analysis is completely correct, which shows his ability to understand the current situation. It was Chen She's planning ability and insight that led to the uprising, which quickly spread to all parts of the country.

Brief introduction of the author

Sima Qian (65438 BC+045 BC-90 BC) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi) and Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). China was a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to complete the historical records he wrote, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shigong and the father of history by the later Buddha.

Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, learning about customs and collecting rumors. As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history.