Who founded the strict hierarchy in ancient India? What is it called in history? Briefly describe its influence,

Manu, son of Brahma, a great god, established a strict hierarchy in ancient India. What is it called in history? Manu code. Its influence is as follows: Since the 1920s, several ancient city sites have been discovered in the Indian Valley, including Halaba and Mohenjo, so they are collectively called Halaba culture. Halaba culture existed from about 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Historians generally believe that the creator of Halaba culture is the Dravida people, the original inhabitants of India.

In the mid-2000s BC, many tribes belonging to Indo-European languages flooded into Punjab in the middle reaches of the Indus River from Central Asia through the mountain pass in northwest India, conquering most of the Dravidians there. The invaders were white, calling themselves "Aryans", which means noble, so as to distinguish them from the Dravidians with dark skin. After centuries of military expansion, Aryans gradually conquered the whole of North India.

Aryans lived a primitive nomadic life earlier. After the Indian invasion, Aryans absorbed the advanced culture of Dravidians, changed from nomadic to settled agricultural life, and gradually transitioned to slave society.

Due to the conquest and slavery of the Dravidians by Aryans and the polarization between the rich and the poor within Aryans, Aryan society gradually formed a strict hierarchy, which is the caste system. The word "caste" is called "Varna" in Indian Sanskrit, which means color or quality. Therefore, the caste system is also called the Varna system.

Under the caste system, ancient Indians were divided into four castes: Brahman, Khrushchev, Veda and sudra.

Brahmins are priests and nobles. Mainly focusing on theocracy, divining fortune and misfortune, monopolizing culture, and reporting farming time, it has the highest social status.

Chhatri is an Aryan military aristocrat, including officials at all levels below the king, who holds all the powers of the country except theocracy.

Brahman and Khrushchev, two senior castes, occupied most of the wealth in ancient Indian society and lived by exploitation, so they were the ruling classes in society. Vedas are ordinary workers in ancient Indian society, that is, the middle and lower classes of Aryans, including farmers, craftsmen and businessmen, who must pay taxes to the state.

Sudra refers to the freemen who lost their land and the conquered Dravidians, who are actually in the status of slaves.

Occupations with various surnames are hereditary and do not intermarry with each other to maintain strict boundaries. Children born to men and women of different castes are considered untouchables, or untouchables. Dalits are not among the four castes and are the most despised.

In order to maintain the caste system, Brahmin monks preach that it is God's will to divide people into four castes, which is natural. In the Brahman's classic Veda, Boroman explained the emergence of caste system with myth, saying that Brahma made Brahman with his mouth, Khrushchev with his hands, Veda with his legs and sudra with his feet after the death of the original giant Prusa. Brahmin monks also preach that those who abide by the rules and obey the rules can be promoted to a higher caste in the afterlife, otherwise they will be reduced to a lower caste. Therefore, for the vast number of workers and slaves, we should submit to it, give up the struggle, abide by the "Buddhist law" formulated by the slave owner class, and do not aggravate the disaster in the next life.

In order to maintain the caste system, slave owners have also enacted many laws, the most typical of which is the Code of Manu. According to legend, Manu was the son of Brahma, a great god. In order to determine the proper order of all kinds of people in society and the obligations of brahmins and other castes, this code was formulated. In fact, this is just a lie used by slave owners to deceive working people.

The Code of Manu first confirmed that Brahman was the master of all things in the world, while sudra could only serve other castes meekly. Sudra can't accumulate private property, and can't do anything disrespectful to high castes. Brahman and Khrushchev have the right to take everything from sudra.

In order to suppress the resistance of the lower caste sudra, the Code of Manu also stipulated many cruel punishments. For example, if a low-caste person hurts a high-caste person with a certain part of his body, he must cut off that part of his body. For example, those who start work should chop their hands and those who move their feet should chop their feet.

Four levels of inequality before the law. According to the Code of Manu, Khrushchev will be fined 100 pana (monetary unit) for insulting a Brahmin. If the dog barks at the house, it will be fined 150 to 200 pana. If sudra scolds, he will pour hot oil into his mouth and ears. On the contrary, if a brahmin insults Khrushchev, he will only be fined 50 pana; Insulting the temple, a fine of 25 pana; Insulting sudra was fined 12 pana. If a person of high caste kills a sudra, he can only make compensation with livestock, or simply clean himself once.

The Code of Manu also makes complicated provisions on the basic necessities of life of all castes. For example, it is stipulated that people of different castes cannot live in the same room, eat at the same table or drink water from wells. People of different castes strictly forbid intermarriage in order to make the division of castes permanent.

Each caste has its own institution to handle its internal affairs and supervise its people to strictly abide by the Manu code and traditional customs. Those who violate the rules will be punished by the Brahmin priests or expelled from the caste.

People who are expelled from the caste also become untouchables. Dalits can only live outside the village, without contact with Brahmins, and can only engage in occupations that are considered to be the lowest level, such as carrying corpses and removing feces. When Park Jung Su people walk on the road, they should wear special signs, make special noises in their mouths, or knock some utensils to remind people with higher castes to avoid in time. If a brahmin comes into contact with an untouchable, it is considered unlucky, and a purification ceremony will be held after coming back.

Impact: First, make the social structure rigid and the labor structure rigid. And hinder the improvement of the physical quality and cultural level of the labor force, resulting in low quality of the labor force, which is not conducive to economic development.

Secondly, the caste system and the village community system together constitute the two unshakable pillars of Indian society, which has made the rulers of India change greatly for thousands of years, but never changed Indian society, leaving Indian society in a Pareto suboptimal state.

Third, it is not conducive to national unity, and it is also one of the reasons why India has been repeatedly invaded and conquered by foreign countries.