Twenty-eight classical Chinese

1. What are the 28 stars in China's ancient literature? Twenty-eight stars is one of China's ancient astronomical theories. According to them, the stars in the southern transit are divided into 28 groups. According to the endless running celestial phenomena around celestial bodies, they are distributed in four directions: east, west, north and south, along the ecliptic and equator. According to the change of day and night, as well as the change of yin and number, metaphysicians named it: Jiao, Kang, Shi and Fang.

Twenty-eight stars are widely used in metaphysics, such as geography, choosing the date, Yi-ology and divination.

Twenty-eight nights are astronomical stars. Twenty-eight Nights is centered on Polaris, also known as the Big Dipper and the Arctic Purple.

The so-called lodge refers to the constellation, and the twenty-eight lodges refer to the astronomical constellation, with "Qinglong" in the east, "Suzaku" in the south, "White Tiger" in the west and "Xuanwu" in the north.

There are seven hotels in the southeast, northwest and northwest of the 28 hotels, with different star ratings. East Seven has 32 stars, South Seven has 64 stars, West Seven has 5 1 star, and North Seven has 35 stars, all of which have 182 stars, which follow a certain orbit. We call it the ecliptic.

2. Lesson 28 Translation of Classical Chinese in Grade One and Grade Two Cai Mianjian returned his dead friends Cai Qing and Tsui Hark.

Cai Lin is from our county, and his name is Tan Mian. Renewed commitment and responsibility, and loyalty. A friend gave it to me. He brought a thousand dollars, but he didn't stand up. If you die, so will your friends. Cai Zhao's son came and got a fright when he came back, and said, "Hey! If not, who can send a thousand dollars without money? My father has never spoken to me. " Cai Xiao said, "In your heart, it's not on paper. And Weng knows me, so I don't say anything. " It was sudden death.

There was a gentle man named Cai Lin in Wuxian County. He attaches importance to commitment and responsibility and friendship between friends. A friend left him 1200 pieces of silver, without leaving any written evidence. Soon, his friend passed away. Cai Mianyou called his friend's son and wanted to pay him back two thousand two hundred pieces of silver. His friend's son was surprised and refused to accept it, saying, "Oh, dear! There is no such thing. Where can there be a person who leaves 1200 pieces of silver but doesn't make a written evidence? And my father never told me. " Cai Mian said with a smile: "The written evidence is in my heart, not on paper. Your father regards me as a confidant, so he won't tell you. " Finally, Cai Mian-You used a car to transport two hundred and twenty pieces of silver back to him.

3. Translation of Classical Chinese (Volume 28 of Zi Jian) Minister Sima Guang thinks (because Zi Jian is written for the emperor, the author will make some comments on some historical events for the emperor's reference): Zhuge Feng praised Zhou Kan and Dr. Guang Lu, and then wrote a letter to impeach him. His behavior is not really to introduce talents for the court, but to eliminate evil, but to engage in one party and seek personal gain. This is people like Zheng Peng and Yang Xing (their backgrounds can refer to relevant materials, and they are all famous people in the flattery field). How can you say that he is an upright man? The king of a country should carefully examine the quality of personnel, distinguish between right and wrong of personnel, reward people for doing good, and punish people for defending the air, so as to govern the country well. If Zhuge Feng's words are true, then he should not be deposed; If he is falsely accusing and slandering, what crime is he worthy of? Now that the emperor has punished both sides and abandoned them, where is the so-called right and wrong?

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background information

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Zhuge Feng was born in Langxie County, Jishao. He became a literary scholar in the county because he was familiar with the classics, and he was famous as honest and frank. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Yuan promoted him to Qiu, and Zhuge Feng exposed him without fear. In order to praise him, people in Beijing all said, "Why haven't you seen a villain who slanders others for a long time? This is because there is a Zhuge Feng in the court. " Emperor Han Yuan appreciated his moral integrity and made him enjoy the same title as Dr. Guanglu. At that time, Xu Zhang, the assistant general, was honored because he was the consort of the emperor. He was arrogant and extravagant and did not abide by laws and regulations. His guest committed a crime and implicated him. Zhuge Feng verified the fact that Xu Zhang was involved in the case and was about to play the emperor. It happened that Xu Zhang was not here. Zhuge Feng stopped the car, grabbed Jeff and said to Xu Zhang, "Get off." I want to arrest Xu Zhang. Xu Zhang was embarrassed, so he drove away, and Zhuge Feng followed. Xu Zhang surrendered himself to the emperor because he was free to enter the palace. Zhuge Feng also visited the palace, and the emperor confiscated Jeff in Zhuge Feng. Li Si, without Jeff as a captain, began in Zhuge Feng. Zhuge Feng wrote a letter apologizing, saying, "I was stupid and timid. Your majesty didn't consider my ability. You made me an official minister and gave me the same title as Dr. Guanglu. This position is already very high, and my responsibility is great, which is beyond my ability. I often worry that I will die suddenly, I can't repay your great kindness, and I will always bear the reputation of being a vegetarian. So I often hope that one day I can join the imperial court, punish evil spirits in despair, cut off their heads and hang them in the city, and then write down their sins so that people all over the world can understand that evil people should be punished. In this way, I will kill myself willingly. Now, the evil and dirty spirit has alarmed the sky, so disasters and mutations appear frequently, and the people are poor. This is because my deputies can't be loyal to the court, and I really have an inexhaustible sense of shame about it. Now, your majesty, your generosity is like the sky can cover a hundred, the earth can accommodate a hundred, and there is nothing that cannot be accommodated. You sent Shang Shu to order Yao to give me a letter, saying,' A captain who came here set an example when criticizing, praising the good and punishing the evil, so he should not act arbitrarily, but should be moderate and peaceful, in line with the purpose of Confucian classics.' I am deeply honored that the emperor has been kind to me. I kowtow and thank humbly. But I can't bear the sadness in my heart. I beg the emperor to give me some leisure to summon me and ask the emperor to make a ruling. "The emperor didn't promise him. Since then, Zhuge Feng's suggestion has been rejected by the emperor. Zhuge Feng often arrested and punished criminals in spring and summer, and most court officials opposed him to do so. So the emperor asked him to be the captain of the city gate, and Zhuge Feng wrote to the emperor to tell Dr. Lu Kan and Dr. Guang Lu. The emperor thought he was dishonest, so he wrote a letter to Yushi, saying, "Zhuge Feng, a captain of the city gate, praised their strength many times when he was in North Korea with Guanglu Xunkan and Guanglu Doctor Meng. Zhuge Feng, some time ago, when he was the captain of Li Si, did not conform to the law and discipline order in the season, and was specifically punished in cruelty. He wants to gain a false reputation in this way, and I don't have the heart to hand him over to the relevant yamen and transfer him to be a captain of the city gate. But he didn't reflect on himself from the heart, but resented Kan and Meng and retaliated by impeachment. What he reported was groundless, just to promote the evil that others could not verify. He praises and slanders others at will, no matter what he said before, which is extremely dishonest. I pity him for being too old to be punished by criminal law, but I can recall him as a civilian. " (Selected from the Biography of Hanshu Zhuge Feng)

Emperor Zhao said, "Zhuge Feng once accused Kan and Meng of disloyalty. I pity them, I don't punish them, I don't give full play to their talents, so I can be reduced to Hedong satrap and Li Huai commander in chief.

Sima Guang said: Zhuge Feng praised Kan and Meng first, and then demoted them. His original intention was not to speak for the good government of the imperial court, nor to ward off evil spirits. He just wanted to get close to the emperor and gain a foothold. Where is he an upright figure? The king of a country should carefully examine the quality of personnel, distinguish between right and wrong of personnel, reward people for doing good, and punish people for defending the air, so as to govern the country well. If Zhuge Feng's words are true, then he should not be deposed; If he is falsely accusing and slandering, what crime is he worthy of? Now that the emperor has punished both sides and abandoned them, where is the so-called right and wrong?

4. Articles 27 and 28 of Classical Chinese Reader 27. So does the deer.

Li people in Boshan make a living by reducing their salary. One day, I got a deer in the ravine and took it home to feed it. Deer are a little docile, but they chirp when they see people. Its home is full of mountains outdoors, and the deer will come out and come back at dusk. It is an autumn festival, for example, deer. Officials urged the hunter to deliver it within a time limit, but found nothing within ten days, so they asked Li for it, but Li didn't agree. Hunter, please. Li hesitated and said, "Let me worry about it." It was the deer that went at night and never came back. Li deeply regrets this.

There is a family named Li in Xiguan, Boshan, who keeps a deer. This kind of deer is easy to tame. It barks at everyone. There are mountains outside his house. Deer sometimes go out and will definitely come at night. In autumn, it is customary to sacrifice deer. The governor went hunting and got nothing. He asked Shi Li to get the deer. Shi Li refused. The hunters continued to ask. The next day, Li Shichi became suspicious. The deer left and never came again.

28 Erhong

Original text:

The Yi people in Tianjin make a flood. His hero followed him to his home, groaning and soaring, and began to walk at dusk. The next day, the barbarians left early, when the flood arrived and the flying number followed; Then assemble the first step. Yi people will catch it. Seeing his neck sticking out, he spit out half a gold collar. The Yi people realized his intention and said, "I want to redeem my wife." Then release the females. Two people linger, if sad if happy, fly away together. Yi people are called gold, and they have to pay 226 yuan. Hey! Birds don't know, love is like this! Don't be sad when you leave, so is it?

Translation:

A bird hunter shot a swan in Tianjin. He took Hongyan back, and the goose followed him to his house, singing sadly and flying around the house until dark. The next day, as soon as the bird catcher went out early in the morning, he saw that the male goose had flown back and followed him like flying. Then it landed at his feet. Bird hunters want to catch together. I saw it craning its neck, bending down and spitting out half an ingot of gold from its mouth. The bird hunter understood its intention and said, "Is this to redeem your wife with gold?" So I let the goose go. Two geese walked around as if they were sad and happy, so they both flew away. The bird catcher weighed the gold and got a little more than 226 yuan. Alas! What wisdom does a bird have to fall in love like this! There is nothing sadder for people than where you are going, and so are animals?