Willow Image in Classical Poetry

The emotional expression of poetry is closely related to the use of images. Different images create different poetic artistic conception and emotional tendency. As a literary image, Liu has been favored since ancient times. Its frequent appearance contains rich connotations and carries rich emotions. In those poems with the image of "willow", the literati arouse readers' association with their delicate gestures, and focus on describing and expressing the author's thoughts and feelings with their extended meanings. Keywords: willow; Ancient poetry; Image; Delicate; Sorrow [China Library ClassificationNo.]: I206 [Document IdentificationNo.]: A [ArticleNo.]:1002-2139 (2020)-27-0-02 China is a country of poetry. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, The Book of Songs came out as a collection of poems in the history of literature. Later, new poetic styles such as Songs of the South and Yuefu appeared, which became another wonderful work in China's poetry. From the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty, the development of poetry was even more ups and downs. It was from the Wei and Jin Dynasties that "beauty" like "Liu Yang" gradually began to enter the sight of poets and readers. 1. From life to literature Willow is an important cash crop, which plays an important role in people's daily life and production. It was widely developed and utilized as early as the pre-Qin period, which brought great convenience to people's production and life. Later, because of its bright and pleasant colors, graceful figure and charming charm, it gradually became the first choice for princes and nobles to decorate gardens to show their unique style and character. As a literary image, "Liu Yang" began to enter the poet's pen at this time. As early as the primitive society, willow was used to predict good or bad luck, to sense people, and to predict the future by divining marriage. In the eyes of the ancients, willow's "divine power" can reach the gods, exorcise ghosts and evil spirits, so it won the reputation of "calming the nerves". People always think that willow is strong in vitality and fertility, so it is often used as a symbol of women. As a literary image in classical poetry, "Liu" symbolizes the activities of human society such as "farewell, farewell, lovesickness, nostalgia and reminiscence" and the thoughts and feelings paid in this process. In China's earliest classic poem "The Book of Songs", a famous sentence is recorded: "I have been there, and the willow is yiyi. Now think about it, rain and snow are flying. " Since then, "Liu Yang" as a literary image has officially entered the historical stage, and since then, masterpieces have emerged one after another. Second, Serina Liu, a Wei-Jin poet who met Liu and Jian 'an for the first time, wrote a poem "To Xu Gan", in which he wrote: "Xiliu was born in the Tao, and the square pond contains Qingyuan. The light leaves turn with the wind and the birds turn over. " These words describe what the poet saw and felt in the West Garden: the slender willows and square ponds in the garden made the author feel a little relieved, however, the fluttering green leaves and flying birds aroused the author's longing for spiritual freedom, the desire for galloping talents and the chagrin of doing nothing for half a century. It can be seen that the poem takes "willow" as the image, which shows a gratifying and beautiful scene and brings a sense of relief to the poet. Since then, "Liu" has been widely used by poets as an image. Xue Daoheng, a poet of Sui Dynasty, wrote in Yesterday's Salt: "The weeping willows cover the golden embankment, and the clover leaves are compound", which means that the weeping willows gently cover the golden embankment, and the clover leaves become extremely lush. Through the passage of time, weeping willows cover solid banks year after year, borrowing weeping willows and clover. Thirdly, after catkin entered the Tang and Song Dynasties, China's poetry reached its peak, and its main body, Tang poetry, marked the peak of China's achievements in classical poetry. Of course, it is also the peak of the hearty use of "Liu" image in poetry. The word "Liu" is homophonic with the word "Liu" in Chinese, so the image of "Liu" should be the first in farewell poems. It is precisely because of this that people's concepts of "pity, nostalgia, retention, reflection and retention" can be aroused. The author of "Farewell" is unknown: "The willows are green and the flowers are flying all over the sky. The wicker flies and asks the pedestrian whether to return. " From the beginning of the title, the whole poem is permeated with a strong sense of farewell, which is also a sign that Liu's image began to express farewell, and later poets also conveyed this message with Liu's image. When the image of "Liu" shines in the poet's pen, the deep feeling of parting is also vivid on the paper. Since it is irreparable, take good care of yourself. Don't be stingy with the long wicker in the spring breeze. Let the separated people climb as they want and fold as they want. Facing the willows, branches are dancing, just like a passionate image. Friends are leaving, how can this situation not make people complain? The lush years can't hide the pain of leaving sorrow. Farewell depends on feelings, remember in each other's hearts! Li Bai's "Nanjing Hotel Parting Record" says: "A gust of wind comes, catkins are fragrant, and Miss Wu pours wine and advises me to drink together." Li Bai used such a scene to describe the reluctant friendship when he was about to say goodbye. Another of his works, "Songs of Heroes in Fufeng", also contains a sentence, "The phoenix tree willow brushes the golden well and is drunk in the hero's house in Fufeng", in order to show the poet's deep feelings of hating spring and hurting himself in the face of beautiful spring scenery when the willow tree is green, and as time goes by, those thoughts left in his memory become clearer and clearer. This sad mood often appears in the contrast between today and the past. In Du Fu's "Ai Jiang Tou", the poet Qujiang saw this sentence: "Since the palace on the shore is closed by thousands of doors, willows and new rushes, who are you so green for?" The word "Qianmen" describes the prosperity of the past, while the word "lock" puts the prosperity of the past and the depression of today together. The scenery of "Xiliu Xinpu" is beautiful. The word "Green for Who" suddenly mourns with the turning point of the music scene, which can be described as infinite sadness and contains a sense of contrast between the present and the past. Sigh the years when youth has passed; Romantic and unforgettable love, sadness and joy all use the image of willow, which means that every inch of love and emotional savings of a small willow will be generated instantly; I have a Qian Qian knot in my heart, and I miss you! Song poetry has made new progress on the basis of inheriting the tradition of Tang poetry. In terms of ideological content and artistic expression, there have been many works of outstanding poets, especially in reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, exposing social darkness and expressing the internal struggle of the ruling class. Especially in the historical background where ethnic contradictions are extremely acute, the patriotism expressed in poetry is more intense and profound than that in Tang poetry, which has become the keynote of the Southern Song poetry, and this keynote has also been deeply expressed in the use of the image of "Liu". This image is not only reflected in parting feelings, but also in patriotic passion. For example, Yan Shu wrote in the poem "Untitled": "The pear flower garden melts the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind". In the small courtyard where pear blossoms are in full bloom, the watery moonlight shines on us; By the pond where catkins are flying, we used to snuggle together and talk in the breeze. This is a love poem describing lovesickness after parting. It traces the scene of leaving the willow tree, recalls the beautiful life before the flowers and under the moon, reveals the lonely situation of the Iraqis after they left, and expresses their love for their loved ones. Wang Anshi said in the poem "Renchen Cold Food": "The guest thinks like a willow, and the spring breeze is tens of millions." Homesickness in a foreign land, like a willow, is full of thoughts when it is blown by the spring breeze, which means the poet's sigh for aging before he is old. This kind of lamentation, coupled with the worries of the whole poem, the worries of cold food and the suffering of being an official, makes the poet's sigh about aging deeper, and expresses the poet's inner feelings and sufferings more deeply with the image of "Liu". Source: Young writers