Why the Qin royal family moved westward: the nobles of Shang Dynasty were persecuted by the Zhou royal family (1)

Dabaozishan area is an important capital of early Qin people, and it is likely to be the location of "Xigou Mountain".

1. A prominent family in Shang Dynasty

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, political corruption and the rise of commercial countries launched a struggle with the Xia Dynasty for the sovereignty of the Central Plains. The descendants of Bo Yi, the founder of the Won Qin clan (see the discussion on the legendary era of Qin people) abandoned the Xia Dynasty and surrendered to Shang Tang in order to get rid of the political oppression of the Xia Dynasty. Boyi's second son, Ruomu's great-grandson, gave Shang Tang the imperial chariot, defeated Xia in Wujiao (now Fengqiu East, Henan Province) and became the founding hero of Shang Dynasty. Some of Chang Fei's descendants are in the Central Plains and some are in the righteous land. They have nothing to do with the later state of Qin, so they will not be mentioned. Zhong Yan, the descendant of Da Lian, the eldest son of Boyi, drove for Taiwu, the tenth generation Shang king, and Taiwu married him. After Zhongyan, his son Sun made contributions from generation to generation, so he won more surnames and became a vassal. "Boyi's fief Qin (now southeast of Fan County, Henan Province) was probably canonized as a vassal state in the Shang Dynasty.

Around the Shang capital and the Shang king, there are indeed some people in the state of Qin who are big officials. Their activities are recorded in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins:

"One hundred days in 1898, Bin Zhen almost took (sacrificed, he noted) Qin". ("After 378")

Yan Qin Bi (Yan) Geng. ("I" 57 1)

"This inkstone Qin Zong was in ancient times" (I 797).

Yan Qin Zong (Fu 955)

Qin Yan ... is in Xiao Yi ". ("Yan" Volume 448)

"... unknown ... there is a code to pay tribute to Qin Zong". (South Square 558)

"... the grain is in Qin. "("Beijing "3937)

As can be seen from the above eight Oracle bones:

The Qin Dynasty in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty can only be the Qin Dynasty that was sealed in the middle of Bo Yi, that is, the Qin Museum in Fanxian County, Henan Province today, not the Qin Dynasty sealed in the middle of Western Zhou Dynasty. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zu Ding was the17th King of Shang Dynasty after Shang Tang, and Xiao Yi was the 22nd King of Shang Dynasty, which proved that the winners of Qin Dynasty did have Zu Ding and Xiao Yi as officials in Shangdu.

2. Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins should be a relic of Qin people who worked in the capital of Shang Dynasty to sacrifice their hometown and ancestors. "Bin Sacrifice" means that divination is presided over by a royal soothsayer named Bin, and only the relatives and ministers concerned can enjoy this kind of sacrifice.

Qin Zong, according to Oracle Bone Inscriptions Concise Dictionary, explained on page 127: "Qin Di Ancestral Hall". If there is a "right sect of Qin", there must be a left sect of Qin. It can be seen that the Qin people in the East flourished because of clan reproduction, and there were clan branches of the right Sect and the left Sect, and ancestral temples were established respectively.

Of course, in the Shang Dynasty, those who gained the Qin clan and were promoted to dignitaries may leave the Qin homeland in Fan County, Henan Province and move to Shangdu or other fiefs. They surrendered to the Shang king.

This clock is about to be unearthed

Second, Zhong Yi and Fei Lian defended the West for the Shang Dynasty.

"Qin Benji" says: Zhong Yan "Great-great-grandson is in love, in Xirong, protecting the west." It's almost time, in Diyi and Di Xin (that is, Zhou Wang).

"Western border" generally refers to the western frontier, here refers to the western frontier of Shang Dynasty. The territory of Shang Dynasty is like summer, between Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and Hebei, while North Korea, Liaoning and Shaanxi provinces are all within the reach of their suzerainty. "(Gu Jiegang's Essays on Ancient History, Volume II, Page 48/kloc-0)" About the late Yin Dynasty, the influence of Shang Dynasty had surpassed Taihang Mountain to the west. "The western boundary directly ruled by the Shang Dynasty reached the west of Taihang Mountain in Shanxi and the east bank of the Yellow River. Zhong Yi's son Fei Lian lives in Shaanxi and Huoxian. According to the twelve-year records of Yuanhe County Records, Longmen County has a "famous and cheap old city, and the county is 70 miles south". It belongs to Hejin County, Shanxi Province. It should be the fief of the famous Lian family mentioned in Qin Benji. The so-called "protection of the western depression" refers to the protection of the western depression by the Shang Dynasty led by a group of people, that is, the area west of Tianyi Shang (Anyang, Henan) from Taihang Mountain to the east bank of the Yellow River.

"Xirong", originally the general name of the ancient northwest Rong nationality, refers to different objects in different periods. "Living in Xirong" at the end of Yin Dynasty refers to Rongzhai settlement area in Jinnan, west of Shangdu. Chen said: "Most of the enemies of other countries, especially Shang countries, seen in Wuding Oracle Inscriptions are in the south of Shanxi, that is, Hedong County in Han Dynasty, and some are in Shangdang County. These two areas, the capital of the Shang Dynasty and the hunting area, were divided by Taihang Mountain. " From Wuding to Wuding, Yin's main enemy is here. Some of these tribes have always maintained a relatively primitive way of life, that is, they were called "Beirong", "Beiman" and "Xidi" after Yin Dynasty. The others are different degrees of integration of the Central Plains culture, or their social by going up one flight of stairs. "For example, Rong, Man Fang, Ghost Fang, Stubborn and so on in Jiang's works. Zhong Yi's "living in Xirong" refers to living together in these tribes that resisted the Shang Dynasty, monitoring and controlling them, and his residence is the "Xiong Xi" of the Shang Dynasty.