Chinese eighth grade literature knowledge Jiangsu Education Edition Volume 1 ★★★★★★★★★ 200

Common sense induction in middle school literature

First, China ancient literature

(A) Pre-Qin literature

(1) ancient myths.

China's famous ancient myths are: The goddess patching the sky then shot at the sun, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, (Pangu) opened the world, and the Yellow Emperor defended the enemy (Ch Ρ). (Liu An: Huai Nanzi)

② Pre-Qin prose

First, Confucian classics.

The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu.

Six Classics, also known as Six Arts, is added after Five Classics (Music).

"Four Books" refers to the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean.

B. historical prose. Zuo zhuan, warring states policy and mandarin.

Sanqiu in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo Zhuan, Gu Liang Zhuan and Ram Zhuan.

C. hundreds of essays. Famous are:

(1) Lao zi, Li Er, the word forever (dān), the founder of the Taoist school, the author of the Tao Te Ching.

(2) Kong Qiu, Zhong Ni. He is the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a book in which Confucius disciples record the words and deeds of Confucius and his students.

(3) Mozi Zhai (dí), the founder of Mohism. Mozi 53 articles.

(4) Mencius name, word Yu Zi. The successor of Confucian school. Mencius is a book in which Mencius students record Mencius' words and deeds. More help, less help. Born in sorrow, died in happiness, Bao Zhuang met Mencius, and I wanted what I wanted.

(5) Zhuangzi and Zhou were Taoists in the Warring States Period. Write Zhuangzi. My skills in solving cattle

⑥ Xunzi, a Confucian in the Warring States Period, wrote 32 articles of Xunzi. Encourage learning.

All landowners Han Feizi, legalist. Everything is wrong. Bian Que meets Cai Huangong, Five Mistakes, Naoko Doubts Neighbors.

⑧ Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a collective creation of Prime Minister Qin and his disciples. Check in.

Pet-name ruby Reese's masterpiece is the prose "Persuade and expel guests".

③ Pre-Qin poetry

A. the book of songs The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, with 305 pieces in total, which are divided into three categories: style, elegance and ode. Wind is a folk song, elegance is a music song, and ode is a sacrifice song. The performance of The Book of Songs is Bi Xing Fu. Comparison is metaphor, not comparison with other things. Xing, say something else first, in order to cause words, fu, straight.

B. "Chu ci". Liu Xiang, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, edited the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, and named it Chu Ci. Qu Yuan (before 340? -Top 277? Ping Ming, a great patriotic poet in China, was a left disciple in Chu State, such as Dr. San Lv. His representative works include Li Sao, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters.

(2). Han literature

A. Prose of Han Dynasty

(1) Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. The author of the ten-volume New Book. "On Qin" and "On Accumulation and Sparse Storage" are his representative works.

② Sima Qian, with a long word, was a great historian and writer. The book "Historical Records" pioneered the "biographical style", which is divided into biographies, aristocratic families, biographies, famous watches and books.

Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "A historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".

(3) Ban Gu's Hanshu and Liu Xiang's Warring States Policy are both famous in history.

B. Yuefu folk songs and fu. Music, folk music; Government, official office. Yuefu was originally a poem collected by the music authorities in the Han Dynasty. Peacock Flying Southeast is the peak of Yuefu narrative development in Han Dynasty. It was first seen in the New Yutai Fu compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties. Fu is a synthesis of China's ancient poetry and prose. Sima Xiangru's son Xu Fu and Shang Fulin. Jia Yi's ode to Qu Yuan is very famous.

(3). Literature of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

1. Poetry and Prose in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

1 "Three Caos". "Three Caos" are Cao Shi's father and son Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's view of the sea, Cao Pi's vast journey, Cao Zhi's famous white horse and Luo Shenfu are all famous.

② "Jian 'an Seven Sons". Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy, Liu Zhen.

③ Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Xiang Xiu and Liu Xian.

(4) Tao Yuanming, whose real name is Qian and whose word is Ming, is called Mr. Jingjie. Peach Blossom Garden, returning home, returning to the garden and drinking are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

⑤ Besides, Zhuge Liang's Model, Ye Fan's History of the Later Han Dynasty, Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics all go down in history.

2. Novels of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

(1) Mysterious novels are represented by Gan Bao's Search for Ji Shen. Mo Xie.

② Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Zhou Chu.

(D) Literature of the Tang Dynasty

1. Tang poetry

① "Four Great Masters in Early Tang Dynasty": Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo. Wang Bo's Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan and Preface to Wang Tengting are both famous.

② Poet Li Bai, poet Du Fu and people's poet Bai Juyi. Li Bai, whose word is too white, is called a violet layman. Li Bai is a great romantic poet. His representative works include Entering Wine, Difficult Road to Shu, Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu, Song of Autumn Pu, Poem on a Quiet Night, Gift to Wang Lun, etc. Li Taibai's collection. Du Fu, also known as Du Gongbu, was a great realistic poet. His representative works include Three Officials (Tongguan Officer, Shihao Officer and Xin 'an Officer), Three Farewells (Homelessness, Resignation and Wedding), Northern Expedition, Military Vehicle Shop, Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind, etc. Bai Juyi, the word Lotte, is a famous Buddhist in Xiangshan. Bai Taifu and Bai Juyi, who are known as the White Xiangshan Mountain, advocate that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written". Famous works "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Travel".

③ Landscape poets Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Wang is a great poet and a famous "painter and musician"; People say that he "has pictures in his poems and poems in his paintings". His representative works include Embattled, Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains and so on. Meng Haoran is a close friend of Wang Wei, and his masterpiece is Passing by the Old People's Village.

(4) "Frontier poets" Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan. Ge Yanxing, Cen Can, Bai Xuege by Gao Shi, A Send-off from the Furong Building by Wang Changling and In the Heron Building by Wang Zhihuan are all famous works.

5 "Little Du Li". Li Shangyin and Du Mu are the authors of Fan Chuan's collected works.

⑥ "Three Li in Poetry" Comrade Mao Zedong's favorite masterpiece is Wild Goose Gate, and the "Three Li in Poetry" are Li Bai, Li Shangyin and Li He.

2. Prose in Tang Dynasty.

1 Han Yu. Han Yu, the word back, is named Changli, also known as the Korean official department. Han Yu was the leader of the "ancient prose movement" in Tang Dynasty, and he wrote "Collected Works of Mr. Changli".

(2) Liu Zongyuan, thick word, also known as Liu Hedong. He is the author of the famous Eight Records of Yongzhou and the East Collection of Liuhe.

3. Legends of the Tang Dynasty. Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Li's Biography of Liu Yi are both mature classical Chinese novels.

(V) Literature of Song Dynasty

1. Song Ci and Song Poetry

(1) The unrestrained school of Song poetry represented by Su Xin. Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, Dongpo lay man, poetry and calligraphy all made achievements. With his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, they are also called "Three Sus". Author of Su Dongpo's anthology. Xin Qiji, whose real name is You 'an, is Jia Xuan and is the author of Jia Longxuan and Short Sentences.

② The graceful school of Song poetry represented by Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Jiang Kui and others. Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Jiang Kui.

(3) The great patriotic poet Lu You and the great national hero Wen Tianxiang. Lu Guan, No.1, is the author of "The Poems of Jian Nan". Wen Tianxiang, whose real name is Song Rui and whose name is Wenshan, is the author of Complete Works of Wenshan, Song Zhengqi and Crossing the Lingdingyang.

2. Prose in Song Dynasty

(1) The famous "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". The eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi and Ceng Gong.

(2) Fan Zhongyan, Greek, posthumous title. Yueyang Tower is a masterpiece through the ages.

3. Song script. Stories are the foundation of "talking" artists. Well-known stories include The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty (with Water Margin attached) and The Story of the Three Kingdoms (later evolved into The Romance of the Three Kingdoms).

(6) Literature of Yuan Dynasty

1.

(1) Bai Pu, masterpiece "wall immediately".

(2) Guan Hanqing, number has been lent barbary, masterpiece "Dou Eyuan".

(3) Ma Zhiyuan, the masterpiece Autumn in Han Palace.

(4) Zheng Guangzu, whose masterpiece is Ghost Story.

2. Six of the Ten Tragedies.

Guan Hanqing's The Short Moth; The orphan Zhao; Bai Pu's Phoenix Rain; Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn of the Han Palace; The Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Sheng; Kong's Peach Blossom Fan; Besides Feng Menglong's loyal soul; Meng Chengshun's Jiao Hong Ji; And Li Yu's loyalty spectrum.

3. Wang Shifu and his book of boxes. Master Wang is sincere. The theme of The West Chamber is to oppose feudal ethics and pursue marriage, love and happiness.

(7). Ming and Qing literature

1, Ming and Qing novels

(1) Zhang Hui's novels and the "Four Wonder Books" in Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin and The Journey to the West's Jin Ping Mei were called four wonderful books. The author of Jin Ping Mei is Lan, which reflects the social reality in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

The great realistic novel A Dream of Red Mansions, with the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the clue, describes the rise and fall history of Jia, Shi, Wang and Guo, and reflects the decline of feudal society. Author Cao Xueqin, No. Xiqin Qingpu. Novelists in Qing Dynasty.

③ In addition, Sanyan by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty (Yu Shiming Yan, Yan, Xing Yan), Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by Pu Songling in Qing Dynasty, Scholars by Wu in Qing Dynasty, Travel Notes of Lao Can by Liu E in Qing Dynasty, Experiences of Wu Woyao in Twenty Years, and Records of Officialdom in the Present Situation by Li.

2. Poetry in Ming and Qing Dynasties

1. Ming dynasty. Liu Ji's "Sincerity Collection" is the author's blog post, and "songji" is the author's word Jinglian; Xu Hongzu is a chivalrous man. He is the author of Xu Xiake's Travels. Zhang Pu, a Chinese character, is the author of Qi Lu Zhai Ji.

2. Qing dynasty. Gu is the author of Records of the Day. The author of The Complete Works of Fang is the originator of Tongcheng School. Yao Nai is a great essayist of Tongcheng School. Book "Xi Bao Xuan Poetry Collection". Yuan Mei, a gifted scholar, is known as the old man with the garden, and is the author of Poems of Fang Shan in Kokura and Poems with the Garden.

(8) Modern Literature (1840- 19 18)

Liang Qichao, whose real name is Zhuo Ru, is a public man, and he is the author of "Collected Works of Drinking Ice Room".

Wang Guowei, a modern scholar, is the author of "thorns on earth".

Lin Juemin, whose word means hole, wrote a famous book with his wife.

(9) Modern Literature (19 19- 1949)

1. Modern novels

Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren and Cai Yu, wrote the novel Scream (including Diary of a Madman, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q, Hometown, etc.). ) and vagrancy (including "Blessing", "Mourning for the Past", "New Stories" and other famous articles).

Mao Dun's original name was Shen Dehong, and his name was Yan Bing. His masterpiece Midnight and the rural trilogy Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Residual Winter.

Ba Jin: Formerly known as Li Yaotang, Zi Gan, his main works are Riptide Trilogy, Home, Spring and Autumn.

Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, was named Sheyu. His main works are Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations under One Family, Crescent Moon, Longxugou, Teahouse after Liberation and so on. In addition, Ye Shengtao's Ni Huanzhi, Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged, Shen Congwen's Border Town and Yu Dafu's Sinking are all famous works.

2. Modern Poetry, Prose and Drama

Guo Moruo, formerly named Guo Kaizhen. Its representative is the poetry collection Goddess. Later, he wrote Qu Yuan, Khufu and Gao Jian Li. Cao Yu's Thunderstorm also wrote famous works such as Peking Man, Sunrise and Wang Zhaojun, which is an outstanding realistic tragedy. In addition, there are Xia Yan's Contract Worker, Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Bing Xin's Send a Little Reader, Little Orange Lantern, Ai Qing's Dayan River, My Nanny and Lu Xun's Chaochao.

(X) Contemporary Literature (1949-2000)

1. Contemporary novels

Zhou Libo's The Tempest and Ding Ling's The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River won the Stalin Prize for Literature. Zhao Shuli's Marriage of Little Black Boys, Li Youcai's Half Flowers, Yang Mo's Song of Youth, Kong Li's Chronicle of Baiyangdian, Lotus Lake, Liu Qing's History of Entrepreneurship and Gu Hua's furong town are all famous works. Contemporary rising novelists include Liu Shaotang and.

2. Contemporary Poetry, Prose and Drama

Premier Zhou from Li Ji and Ke Yan, where am I? 》

He Jingzhi's White-haired Girl, North Star, Ode to Camellia by Yang Nishuo, Flower City by Qin Mu, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River by Liu, Sunshine Tianshan Mountain and Oak by Shu Ting are all well-known works.

Second, foreign literature.

(1). Foreign ancient literature

Europe has Greek "Homer Epics"-Iliad and Odessa. There is also Aesop's Fables, which is said to be written for a slave named Aesop. There is a collection of ancient Arab folk stories in Asia, Arabian Nights (also known as Arabian Nights).

(2). Renaissance literature

13rd century to16th century is the European Renaissance. The masterpieces of this period are as bright as the stars. Yesterday Dante, a poet from an Italian university, wrote The Divine Comedy. Boccaccio is an Italian short story writer who has written decameron, rabelais, French, Cervantes, Spanish and Don Quixote. The great English playwright Shakespeare. He has written more than thirty plays. Among them, Hamlet, King Lear and Othello Macbeth are four great tragedies. Romeo and Zhu and The Merchant of Venice are enduring.

(c).17-19th century European literature

During this period, the French writer Moliere wrote The Miser, with Abagong as the hero. The English novelist Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe; Faust, a great poet and dramatist in China; Jasmine theseus solved, an English poet; Heine, a German poet, wrote a fairy tale one winter. French novelist Hugo wrote Notre Dame de Paris, and English poet Byron wrote Don Juan. French novelist Flaubert wrote Madame Bovary. The masterpiece of Whitman, a great American poet, is Leaves of Grass. Voynich, a famous English (Irish) writer, wrote the gadfly.

(d).19th century European and American critical realism literature

List of works of major critical realist writers in Europe and America

Names of famous writers and works, countries

Stendhal's Red and Black and Fanina Fagnini's Law

Balzac's Human Comedy and Eugenie Grandet's Law

Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities and david copperfield

Bel ami, boule de suif and Necklace Method in Mo Bosang

Pushkin's yevgeni onegin and Comfort Daughter.

Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's Dead Soul, Coat and Imperial Envoy

Tolstoy's War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection.

Chekhov's The Sixth Sick Treasure, The Trapped and The Chameleon Russia

O Henry's The Magi, the Police and the Gift of Hymns

Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Running for Governor

(5) Early proletarian literature

Catalogue of Early Proletarian Writers' Works

Hometown of famous writers' works

Eugene Bouquet's The Internationale, The Blacksmith's Dream and The Method of the Insurgents.

Gorky's Song of Haiyan, Mother, Earth, Childhood and Former Soviet Union

Lenin in Mayakovski and the former Soviet Union

Oslinlovsky, How Steel was Tempered, the former Soviet Union.

Fadeev's "Young People Approaching the Army" and the "Destruction" of the former Soviet Union

Eighth grade literature common sense induction Volume I

1. The Seven-law Long March is the title of this poem, a metrical poem and a revolutionary epic. The main idea of the poem is that "the Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions, and Qianshan is only idle". The sentence that compares the Red Army's spirit of despising everything and overcoming all difficulties with exaggeration is "Five Ridges make waves, while Wumeng takes mud pills". The climax of the poem is: "I prefer the snow in Minshan, and the three armies will beat their faces", which shows the revolutionary optimism of the Red Army.

2. The two sentences of "Long March Songs" express the optimism and belief of the Red Army with appropriate metaphors, antithesis and personification.

3. Laoshan Street adopts the method of time sequence, and the material genre arranged according to time change and place transfer is narrative, and the author is Lu.

4. The author of the novel Grass is Wang Yuanjian. Grass not only explains the background of the story, but also hints at the clues of the novel. In this paper, language, action, expression and psychological description are used to successfully depict the image of the Red Army soldiers represented by Thought and the image of the old revolution represented by Vice Chairman Zhou.

5. Playwright Wang's "The Long March Suite" is an excerpt from the TV literary script "The Long March" filmed to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the founding of China * * * Production Party. The text intercepts four scenes to promote the plot of the work according to the transformation of time and space pictures and the dialogue between characters.

6. The author of the essay "Jujube Core" is a modern writer, translator and journalist Xiao Gan, who is selected from "American Bits". Jujube stone is not only a narrative clue, but also an emotional clue reflecting homesickness. Seeking jujube pit-seeing jujube pit-talking about jujube pit-dot theme. This paper describes the process in which the author solved the mystery of friends cherishing jujube stones in the process of visiting friends, which embodies the deep national feelings of Chinese Americans as classmates. Setting suspense is a great writing skill of this article. "Nothing" literally means no future, no ambition, and actually reflects the homesickness of classmates.

7. The Last Lesson is a novel written by French novelist Dodd. Based on my experience and feelings, this paper shows the spirit of Mr. Hamel and other French people who love the motherland through my experience and feelings with the Franco-Prussian War as the background. The description of Mr. Hamel is mainly carried out through language, action and manner, and the description of little Franz is mainly carried out through psychological description. This paper is also good at expressing the theme with scenery description, such as writing it twice.

8. The author of Forever Attachment to the Motherland is Liu Jingzhi. This newsletter describes Qian Xuesen's main deeds and honors, and describes the process of resolutely giving up the superior working and living conditions abroad and breaking through the resistance to return to China after he achieved brilliant academic achievements, showing his childlike heart for the motherland. In chronological order, this is a bright line; Attachment to the motherland is a hidden line.

9. The poem "Spring Hope" was written by the author Du Fu when he was taken to Chang 'an by the rebels during the An-Shi Rebellion, expressing the poet's pain of worrying about the country and homesickness. ;

10. The last two sentences of "Bo Qinhuai" are a vivid argument, criticizing the current disadvantages with the pen of Qu, and expressing the poet's sense of suffering for the world and people's hearts. The first sentence exaggerates the atmosphere, depicts a misty and cold picture, and reveals sadness in the mist. The author is Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and his genre is seven-character quatrains.

1 1. The author of the seven-character quatrain on November 4th is Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Taking wind and rain as the theme, this poem connects reality with dreams, which is natural and ingenious and expresses the author's patriotic enthusiasm.

12. The author of the poem "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang" is Wen Tianxiang, a minister and writer of the Southern Song Dynasty, with a good word and Song Rui, who is from Wenshan. "Zero Crossing and Ding Yang" and "Song of Justice" have become masterpieces throughout the ages. This poem combines narrative and lyricism, closely connects personal experience with national destiny, and expresses the determination to die rather than surrender. The first couplet begins with recalling one's own life experience. The couplet describes the fate of a country and an individual with an image metaphor, and the neck couplet uses two belts.

The first volume of the eighth grade Chinese literature review resources category: Jiangsu Education Edition/junior high school textbooks/eighth grade text textbooks

Download points: 1

Membership level: ordinary member

Resource size: 29 KB

Authorization method: original member.

Running environment: word

Resource rating:

Addition time: 2005-12-2018: 05: 36.

Updated: 2005-12/2018: 05: 36.

Resources provided: songbinbin8848

/downinfo/75922.html