traditional Chinese culture

China's traditional culture should first include thought, writing and language, followed by the six arts of ceremony, music, shooting, imperial art, calligraphy and mathematics, and then the folk customs derived from calligraphy, music, martial arts, Quyi, chess, festivals and rich life. Traditional culture is closely related and integrated with our lives, and we enjoy it unconsciously.

China's traditional culture should include: ancient prose, ancient poetry, ci, music, fu, national music, national drama, folk art, Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shots, wine orders, two-part allegorical sayings and so on. Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, Cold Food Festival around Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Tanabata on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, New Year's Eve of the twelfth lunar month and various folk activities. China's ancient natural sciences, including traditional calendars, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in China are also part of China's traditional culture.

Origin editing

Before the Shennong era, the political form of the Chinese nation was tribal politics, and the leader of the tribe was a witch. This statement is quite different from traditional cognition. Historically, people's cognition of "witches" was superstitious, and "witches" pretended to be ignorant. In fact, in the primitive times of our ancestors, witches were scientists, and they represented the authority of knowledge.

In primitive times, before the knowledge of our ancestors was opened, we saw various phenomena in nature, such as mountains and rivers on the ground, storms and lightning caused by climate change and so on. Because I don't understand, I feel suspicious and horrible. In order to get the answers to these questions, we must go to the wizard and teach him. By observing, thinking and analyzing this phenomenon, Wu came to the conclusion that there is a god of wind, a god of rain, a god of thunder, a god of electricity, and a god in charge of all other suns, moons, stars and mountains. Deism is too unscientific and superstitious for modern people. But who can guarantee that the explanations made by contemporary scientists on the phenomenon of the universe will not be overthrown after 1000 years, and will not be accused of superstition and anti-science?

In addition, there are two things that human beings can't handle themselves and must turn to others for help. First of all, it is physiological. No one is not sick. If a person is ill, he must ask a doctor for treatment. The second is psychology. When people want to do something, they always worry in advance, and they hesitate. At this time, they must ask others for advice for reference. People in 2 1 century certainly know that they have to go to the hospital for treatment when they are sick. If you are in doubt, you should consult your close friends or experts. In primitive times, these two things happened at the same time, and turning to the same person was a "witch." It can be proved by the ancient word "medicine" and "bu"

(1) Let me talk about the treatment of witches first. In primitive times, the diseases suffered by our ancestors were very simple. Most of them are "diarrhea" caused by improper diet and "cold and fever" caused by unsuitable climate. When a wizard is sick and someone asks him for help, the wizard first asks God for help in the form of prayer. But the disease is real, and diarrhea patients can't stop by praying. The clever witch changed her diet and picked some plants for the patient. Of course, it is very dangerous to do clinical work directly without doing experiments on mice, rabbits and monkeys. Therefore, as a result of eating, some patients are cured, some are ineffective, and some are worse. The witch also recorded what weeds cure what diseases, and drew the shape of plants. When I arrived in Shennong, I compiled it into Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, so the legendary Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, which means that this matter will never be an experiment with himself.

(2) Questions: The questions asked by ancestors are mainly about meteorology. Mainly for hunting. Let's recall that the weather station has the latest scientific instruments, but it can't predict the weather changes. What skills can wizards have to predict? Then the witch found that the inference of the development of things was not as direct and obvious as drug treatment, and there would be a big gap. We must answer people's questions. Wise wizards no longer give clear answers to the questions raised by the people, but give each other a hint in a metaphorical way. And its metaphor often uses folk lyrics at will. Spread to Fuxi, the answers given to the people by witches in previous dynasties were sorted and summarized into 64 cases. This is the origin of the Book of Changes. "Yi" and "Yi" are twins, which are the two main axes of human culture. The version of the Book of Changes has been circulating: before there were symbols, people used knots to record it, and the eight diagrams of the Book of Changes were represented by a big knot and two summaries respectively. A string of ropes hanging on the wall is the origin of hexagrams. Sixty-four hexagrams are composed of eight trigrams, so each hexagram is connected by two trigrams, so it is called "Lian San". Because there is no "three" in the three hexagrams, there are only "mountains" and "roots are mountains." After the process from knot to symbolic writing, the connection of "three" is like the arrangement of "mountain" as a dry divinatory symbol and the connection of two mountain characters, so the word "Lian San" is changed to "Lian Shan". Due to the progress of civilization, human knowledge has gradually opened up, and the cognition of surrounding affairs has also changed, so it is easy to modify and organize (Lianshan). In the era of the Yellow Emperor, characters were invented, and the original hanging on the wall (Lianshan) was changed into a plane symbol. Looking for the arrangement of Yi should start with Kun Gan's two hexagrams. Moreover, the most important place in human life is the earth, so Kun and Gan are in front of the dry divination, and they are changed to (Tibet) in order to correct their names. Extended to the Yin Dynasty. Zhou Wenwang was persecuted by Zhou Wang and imprisoned. Zhou Wenwang was imprisoned in prison. In order to avoid Zhou Wang's suspicion of his rebellion, he was afraid to read political, military and economic books. Only by getting one (back to Tibet) can it be easy to read, which can show that you have no ambition. This is the origin of the story of Wen Wang Yiyan. The Book of Changes was renamed Zhouyi after being collated by Zhou Wenwang. Confucius is the most powerful person to carry forward Zhouyi. Confucius traveled around the world and rebelled against Lu. At the age of sixty-eight, he got the Book of Changes and found that all the questions in his heart could be satisfactorily answered in the Book of Changes. Confucius' reading of Zhouyi and Bian Wei Sanjue shows his diligence in using Kung Fu. He also wrote ten articles for Zhouyi, expounding the theory of Zhouyi. Finally, I sighed, "add me a few more years, and I will learn at 50, and I will know nothing!" " "It's too late, read easy. When you read Zhouyi at 50, you don't have to travel around the world and ask questions everywhere. When Confucius finished writing Zhouyi, it was finalized, and no one dared to change a word or phrase in the future. So (Lianshan), (Gui Zang) and Zhouyi are actually a book, and the titles are different due to different versions.

Version contains

Look at the ancient culture of China.

Lunar New Year-Martial Arts-Twenty-eight Nights-Couplets-Dragon-Five Elements Theory-Eight Diagrams-Traditional Festival in China-Ancient Philosophy in China-Confucianism-Strange Way-Tea Art

subject

Mathematics: Zhou Kuai Shu Jing; Nine Chapters of Arithmetic (written by Liu Hui of Three Kingdoms); Zu Chongzhi; Abacus.

traditional culture

Astronomy: astronomical observation records, the invention of observation instruments: standard watches; Armature; Jane instrument; High table; Yang Yi, making calendars (lunar calendar).

Medicine: TCM internal medicine, TCM surgery, Huangdi Neijing.

Agronomy: Qi Shu and Zhu Li Daoyuan.

Four great inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass.

Architecture: Visit China's architecture, gardens, temples, palaces, Forbidden City, Epang Palace, pagodas, Wan Li Great Wall and mausoleums.

Painting: Chinese painting, riverside scene on Qingming Festival.

Calligraphy: bronze inscription-seal script-official script-regular script-running script-cursive script-hard pen calligraphy.

Music: China folk music, China opera, traditional folk songs.

Dance: ancient dance, Zhou Dynasty elegant music, big dance, small dance, Han Dynasty Yuefu, Tang Dynasty music dance, modern dance, ribbon dance, martial arts, fan dance.

Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Cantonese Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, xiang opera.

Quyi: Crosstalk, Taiwanese Opera, Shadow Play, Puppet Show, Nanqu Opera and Gaojia Opera.

Drama film and television: China film, China film history, China TV, Chinese TV history.

Clothing: See China Clothing.

Diet: Please refer to Chinese food.

cook

Sichuan cuisine (Sichuan cuisine)

Hunan cuisine (Hunan cuisine)

Cantonese cuisine (Cantonese cuisine)

Jiangsu cuisine (Jiangsu cuisine)

Shandong cuisine (Shandong cuisine)

Zhejiang cuisine (Zhejiang cuisine)

Fujian cuisine (Fujian cuisine)

Anhui cuisine (Anhui cuisine) Note: It is not Anhui cuisine.

chopsticks

education

Imperial academy, imperial academy, imperial examination system, private schools, academies, imperial academy.

literature

classical literature

Classical Chinese Literature

Chinese mythology

China's fable

China allusions

Allusions are canon and anecdote.

Anecdotes initially refer to old systems and old examples, and later refer to old facts or legends about historical figures and regulations. "Canon" in allusions refers to classics, and allusions can also be interpreted as stories and words in classics. The word "allusions" appears in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongping County Records Wang Cang Biography, such as "Kiss the Supreme, give gifts to the officials, give a banquet every time, change the appearance, worship in the palace and pass on the scriptures".

"Shan Hai Jing Zai": "The world is like a chicken, and Pangu was born in it. Eight thousand years old, heaven and earth open. Yang Qing is the sky and cloudy is the ground. Pangu is one of them, changing it nine times a day. God is in heaven and sacred to the earth. The sky is ten feet high, the earth is ten feet thick and Pangu is ten feet, so it is eight thousand years old. The number of days is extremely high, the number of places is extremely deep, and Pangu is extremely long. Then Huang San. From one count to three, to five, to seven, to nine, so I went to Wan Li. " From this epoch-making legend of Pangu, no one can tell how many stories have happened in thousands of years. "preface to biographies of historical records": "Fu in ancient times was the king of the world, and he began to draw gossip and make books instead of tying the knot, so he became a literary book." The book of Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi, called "Three Graves", is also a road. The books of Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Gao Xin and Tang Yu are called the Five Classics. As for Xia, Shang and Zhou's books, although they teach neither fish nor fowl, they are elegant and noble, but they are a slap in the face. It's a treasure of all ages, and I thought it was a great training. Gossip is called eight kinds, and its meaning is also sought The ambition of Kyushu is called "Nine Hills". Qiu, get together. It is said that all Kyushu, land and atmosphere are suitable, and all of them are gathered in this book. The biography of Zuo Shi in the Spring and Autumn Period says:' Chu Zuo Shi can read three graves, five classics, eight categories and nine hills by leaning on the phase.' Which means the last emperor's suicide note. Confucius, the first gentleman, was born at the weekend. When he saw the disgusting articles in Historical Records, different people were afraid to read them. So, he decided to be polite and clear about the old chapter, delete 300 poems and modify the historical records in Spring and Autumn Annals. ""In the past, many dissenting Confucian Hanwu was a little literary talent, and Tang Zongsong was a little coquettish. A generation of arrogant Genghis Khan only knew how to bow and shoot big eagles. Indeed, the past is the past. "

As time went on, most allusions disappeared. There is an allusion in "Everything is done wrong", that is, Zhao Xiang learned Wang Yuqi and soon competed with Yu Qi, and changed horses three times and fell behind. The host said, "Sir, I didn't teach you all about riding, did I?" Yu Qi replied, "I have tried my best, but there is something wrong with my use. As far as driving is concerned, it is important that the horse is comfortable with the car and people's hearts are turned to the horse, so that we can speed up our journey. You want to catch up with me if you are behind, and you are afraid of being caught up with me if you are ahead. Race first, and secondly, how can you concentrate on horses when your heart is on me? Why is this gentleman in the back? " It was also a good allusion, but an "absent-minded" sentence in The Book of Rites made the "absent-minded" of philosophy lost in the sea of books. Even "absent-minded" itself has become completely different from the original intention. "Book of Rites University" originally said: "The so-called self-cultivation is in the right heart, and anger is not correct; If you are afraid, you may be wrong; What is fun can't be right; If you are worried, you may be wrong. Absent-minded, blind, deaf, eat without knowing its taste. This is called self-cultivation. " The original intention is: self-cultivation lies in righteousness, and resentment, fear, joy and worry cannot be justified. Only when you are absent-minded, turn a blind eye, listen but not smell, and eat without knowing the taste can you cultivate your mind. From this point of view, "absent-minded" has violated the original meaning.

Painters of past dynasties reflected allusions in the form of paintings, but because painters have different understandings of historical events and different aesthetic qualities ... so the same allusions, that is, using the same painting form, will have different expressions, resulting in different paintings with the same theme. Under certain historical conditions, some literati still take painting as the product after becoming an official, and created a number of paintings with unified content and form, which are called literati paintings. Some people think that literati painting is the most successful theme painting. Many painters can't read or know much. They often rely on hearing and hearsay, and according to their own understanding, they use charcoal strips to form sketches on rice paper, and then use brush strokes after finalization. Once a good painting is published, it attracts many descendants to copy and modify it ... so there is a phenomenon that there are many derivative stories in an allusion.

sports

chinese chess

weiqi

martial arts

qigong

(of martial arts) attack sb's heart.

The cultural logic of Chinese civilization is closely related to the theory of "the sky is round and the place is round". Of course, if we recognize the cultural origin of the mining field system-the role and significance of "Xinjiang" agriculture and "Xinjiang" planning in the initial definition of land property rights. Then, from the perspective of "a round land" and "frontier agriculture", the historical context of the origin of China culture and civilization is very clear, and this cultural relationship can even be traced back to the Jiahu cultural era in Henan about 8,000 years ago. Therefore, the solution of the mining field system can not only solve the basic political and economic problems of China in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but also further understand the origin of China culture and civilization. There is a complete structural relationship among culture, politics, economy and their institutional arrangements, but the traditional economic theory does not reveal the necessity of this relationship. In fact, mercantilism is not something that anyone can get rid of if he wants to. Institutional arrangement should be an important way to discuss civilization and the economic nature of a certain social structure.

Development editor

Xie, a great contemporary Chinese people's thinker, put forward the concept of social humanism for the first time in the world in his book On the New Era in June 2006, and founded the great theory of social humanism, which developed China's traditional cultural innovation to the stage of social humanism and really laid a great foundation for the scientific development of traditional culture.

Xie pointed out: only under the premise of social humanity can human beings determine the production relations and superstructure that are suitable for the development of their own productive forces. It is the relationship between productivity and social humanity that constitutes everything inherent in human beings and directly enters our human history; Instead of the relationship between productivity and production relations, it directly entered our human history. The latter only shows that the basic principle of its existence comes from practical things, not from everything inherent in human beings, that is, the initial contact with reality. So what it shows is only empirical knowledge about the world and what is happening in the world, so what it produces is not philosophy, but empirical science. However, in this way, the world view of human beings has really suddenly opened up. From then on, we can clearly see that human society is divided into "social humanity" and "non-social humanity", not in the form of ownership. This is the real science.

Xie correctly explained various ideological and religious issues in China and human history. He said: "Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism and so on. What has been (or is still) beneficial to mankind in human history is the concrete product of social humanity in areas where social productive forces developed to a certain historical stage at that time. In this regard, we should be very clear about various ideas and religions, or our understanding of various ideas and religions.

Xie pushed all kinds of simple schools of thought in ancient China, as well as all kinds of religions, philosophies and schools in the world, onto the scientific stage of social humanitarianism, made great contributions to the promotion and development of traditional culture, and became a thinker who influenced the world, marking that China has once again become the center of world thought, the truly scientific theoretical basis of the Chinese dream and the world dream, and the pride of China people.