What does a leprechaun mean in midsummer?

Midsummer [edit this paragraph] word midsummer pinyin shèngxià?

English [midsummer; Midsummer]

Interpretation of the hottest day in summer

An example of midsummer heat

The Farmer King is a masterpiece in Summer. -Su Song Shi, "Teaching to Fight and Defend"

It is usually spring, and the east wind blows after the rain, so there is a sea market. Isn't this a daydream in midsummer? -"Sea City" [Edit this paragraph] enters the summer folk custom, spring, summer, autumn and winter, all the year round, and it will be hot summer in an instant.

There are many nicknames for summer scenery in midsummer. In Er Ya, China's earliest monograph on meaning, summer is called "Zhu Ming", "Chang Ying", "Jiuxia" and "Haotian". "History of Rites and Music" has the sentence "Zhu Ming is prosperous and applicable to all things"; In the preface to Murong by Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there is a sentence that "the sun and the moon move, and nine summers are already summer"; Amin poet Gao Panlong called summer "long summer" in Poems on Leisure Summer. This long summer refers to the early summer, midsummer and late summer in April, May and June of the lunar calendar. The ancients called the hottest dog days in summer "midsummer". It is very hot in midsummer, and people are looking forward to spending it quickly, so it is also called "relieving summer heat" and "relieving summer heat". Among the twenty-four solar terms formulated by Liu An, King of Huainan in Han Dynasty, there are six solar terms in summer: long summer, full summer, awn seed, summer solstice, light summer and great summer. Among them, long summer refers to the southeast, and Victoria refers to long summer. Since then, everything has grown up, hence the name Long Summer. On this day, the sun reached 45 degrees, and the ancients used it as the symbol of long summer. [ 1]

There are three summers in farming, namely, summer harvest, summer sowing and summer management. "Su Wen Si Qi Qu Zi Spirit" says: "Xia San month, this is called anti-Hugh; Heaven and earth are in harmony and everything is gorgeous. " After the long summer, it is the busy farming season, which is the key period for crops to enter the peak season and sow early rice in large areas. There is a proverb in agriculture: "Three dynasties have long summers and hoes everywhere". At this time, the rainfall, rainfall and wind direction are closely related to the harvest. There are some agricultural proverbs, such as "it rains every three days in the long summer", "it doesn't rain in the long summer, and the plowshares hang high" and "it doesn't rain in the long summer, until the wheat is beaten". Therefore, since ancient times, our ancestors regarded Long Summer as a very important day and established it as a traditional folk festival, called Long Summer Festival. It can be said that summer is the mount of autumn, bearing the changeable situation, the torrential rain and the hot sun, and bearing the growth, maturity and harvest on the spring and autumn journey. ...

Long Summer Festival, since ancient times, there have been many etiquette, customs and eating customs in the palace and among the people. According to "Notes on the Year of the Year", since the pre-Qin Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have personally led their ministers, officials, princes and doctors to welcome the summer in the southern suburbs, and held grand ceremonies for Emperor Yan and Zhu Rong (the legendary ancestor of crops and Vulcan). At that time, in order to express the desire for bumper harvests, the monarch and his subjects will wear red ceremonial clothes and jade ornaments and go to sacrifice in a red carriage.

"Isn't there a nine-fold mansion? The curtains of Guangsha hang in Hunan. Ice trays and poles stir up cold light. Zhan Zhuan (turning around) is bitter and hot, and his heart is next to Li Qian. " The poem "Emperor Qinglong" vividly describes the summer vacation in and out of Beijing Palace hundreds of years ago and some folk customs. So in the era when there are no modern appliances such as air conditioners, electric fans and refrigerators, how do people spend the hot summer to resist the heat? What folk customs are there after summer?

Hanging bamboo curtains and sticking cool cloth in the arbor is a folk custom in old Beijing after summer. The poem "Jing Guan Za Yong" and "Du Men Za Yong" said: "The shade of Huaiyin courtyard is empty, and the official is slightly the same. Expose cold cloth, and build a arbor around the high house. " This poem is about the folk customs in the Forbidden City, Mansion Gate, Siheyuan and buildings in old Beijing.

In old Beijing, palaces and houses in palaces and mansions are wide and tall, and there are wide corridors or protruding eaves in front of doors and windows of houses. At that time, the building regulations were "five steps on the eaves and three or five steps on the rafters; The column is one foot high and three feet out of the eaves, plus one. " This kind of building uses the perspective of the sun shadow in winter and summer to make the room warm in winter and cool in summer. In summer, Xiang curtains and bamboo curtains are hung on the doors of palaces, mansions and quadrangles, and windows are removed or sticks are attached. The window of an art academy is made of sparse gauze, commonly known as cool cloth, which is attached to the window frame and rolled up with paper and sticks. These customs are for ventilation and can prevent mosquitoes and flies. In palaces, mansions and quadrangles, from April of the lunar calendar, palaces and courtyards should be covered with awnings made of cloth or reed mats. These awnings are covered by professional awnings and are usually removed after summer. This arbor can not only block the sun's exposure to the courtyard, but also provide a place for family members to enjoy the cool in the courtyard and a place for children to play in summer.

In addition, more than two thousand years ago, the Zhou Dynasty had a method of storing water to resist the heat.

There is a record in Zhou Li Tiangong: "A sword is like a bottle, with a big mouth full of water, so you can avoid the epidemic when eating it". In Ceng Houyi Mausoleum, Hubei Province, among the bronzes excavated by archaeologists, there is a square jar with sandwich ice wine. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the emperor also had the custom of holding a cold banquet and sending ice cubes to ministers. Amin Dong Liu's "A Brief View of the Jingshi" recorded that "ice was sent to the minister of civil and military affairs in midsummer". In the Annals of Yanjing in the Qing Dynasty, it was also recorded that "from the summer of the capital to beginning of autumn Day, the government gave ice tickets, which were presented by the Ministry of Industry and collected by themselves, with different amounts and different arithmetic".

The ice used in ancient times is natural ice, so we should hide it first. Since ancient times, all dynasties have built "Lingyin"-ice storage wells and ice storage warehouses. The Book of Songs records that "the second day, the ice rush, the third day, the spirit is hidden." The second and third days are equivalent to the December of the lunar calendar, and there is the sound of cutting ice. The ice in the first month is stored in the freezer. According to "Yuanhe County Records", "In ancient times, there was a big ice bank outside Gusu Gate, which contained twenty-four pits according to twenty-four solar terms. Every time it is cold, the water is stored in the ground, and the ice is hard and stored in the cellar. In midsummer, it is necessary to protect the fish and wash the heat. "

In old Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were snow pools to store ice in Shichahai and other places, and there were officials in charge of ice affairs in the palace, called "Ling Ren", who were in charge of cutting, storing and using ice. In Qing dynasty, the ice room was divided into official pits.