How many books are there in Sikuquanshu?

Sikuquanshu is the largest collection in the history of China (followed by Yongle Grand Ceremony in Ming Dynasty). The compilation began in the thirty-eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1773) and took nine years to complete. * * * 3503 volumes, 79337 volumes, 36304 volumes, nearly 2.3 million pages, about 800 million words. The whole set of books contains most important ancient books (some of which are forbidden) from pre-Qin to early Qing Dynasty, covering almost all academic fields in ancient China.

The whole set of books is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, with a total of 44 categories. It also includes The Analects of Confucius, Daxue, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, Zhouyi, Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Book of Songs, Filial Piety, Shangshu, Chunqiu, Historical Records, Er Ya Zhu Shu and Shuowen Jiezi.

Compilation of Sikuquanshu

In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong reign (1773), the imperial court set up the "Sikuquanshu Museum" to compile the Sikuquanshu, with YanYong, the sixth son of Qianlong, as the curator, Yu Minzhong of princess royal as the president, a university student, six ministers and assistant ministers as the vice presidents, and Ji Yun, a famous scholar, as the editor-in-chief, and began to compile this voluminous book. Scholars such as Lu, Sun Shiyi, Dai Zhen, Zhou Yongnian and Shao also participated in the compilation. More than 3,600 scholars and scholars participated in the compilation and officially listed, and there were 3,800 copywriters.

Sikuquanshu contains the circulating books collected all over the country at that time, the books collected by the Qing court and the rare books compiled by Yongle Dadian. According to statistics, the number of books alone is 1350 1. After screening, these books are collected according to "Bibliography" and "Bibliography", in which "Bibliography" does not record the whole book, but only extracts some contents, while "Bibliography" is copied and preserved in a specific format after finishing, collating and textual research, and it will be collated repeatedly with the original text after copying. Finally, it is 346 1 book.

In order to be beautiful and easy to identify, Sikuquanshu is decorated with color separation, with green longitude, red history, white (or light blue) division and gray-black collection. The determination of four colors depends on four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Because the catalogue of Sikuquanshu is the outline of the whole book, the yellow color representing the center is adopted.

In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), four sets of books were completed one after another, with seven volumes, which were stored in Wenyuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City in Beijing, Wenyuan Pavilion in Yuanmingyuan in the suburbs of Beijing, Wenshui Pavilion in Fengtian Palace (now Shenyang) and Jinwen Pavilion in chengde mountain resort, collectively known as the "Fourth Palace of the Forbidden City" (or "North Fourth Pavilion"). Wenzong Pavilion was built in Jinshan Temple, Zhenjiang, Wenhui Pavilion was built in Daguan Hall, Yangzhou, and Wen Lan Pavilion was built in Shengyin Temple, Gushan, West Lake Palace, Hangzhou, namely "Jiangsu and Zhejiang Sange" (or "Nansangge"), each with one copy. A copy is kept in the Royal College of Art in Shi Jing. Its far Chinese library was completed the earliest, with more refined collation and more neat fonts.

In the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787), Emperor Qianlong found that some books contained slanderous articles in Sikuquanshu, so he ordered a re-examination of Sikuquanshu, and finally deleted the similarities and differences records of 1 1 historical books. However, although this 1 1 book was deleted from Sikuquanshu, it still exists in the palace and has not been destroyed. Nine of this 1 1 book are still in circulation.

In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), Ji Yun presided over the last part of the official book of Sikuquanshu, which was further improved.

Delete and revise ancient books

When compiling Sikuquanshu, the Qing court used so-called offensive words to ban a large number of ancient books in Ming and Qing dynasties in order to maintain its rule. See the banned books in Siku. And a lot of tampering with ancient books, such as Yue Fei's famous sentence "Man Jiang Hong", "Hungry to eat pork, laughing and thirsty to drink Hun blood". "Hulu" and "Xiongnu" were taboo in Qing Dynasty, so the librarian of Si Ku changed them to "Hungry, Eating Meat, Talking and Laughing". Zhang Xiaoxiang's famous "Song of Six Kingdoms, Looking Long and Brokeback" describes that Confucius' hometown was occupied by Jin people, and "singing on land is also tricky". Among them, "fishy smell" is taboo and changed to "withered".

The fate of "The Complete Book of Sku"

In the two hundred years since SikuQuanShu was written, China has experienced turbulence, and SikuQuanShu has also experienced vicissitudes, and many manuscripts were destroyed by war. Its China source pavilion was captured by the British and French allied forces in 1860, and the Yuanmingyuan was burned when it was burned, while the Wenzong and Wen Hui pavilions were destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. Hangzhou Wenlange Library Building collapsed 186 1 when Taiping Army captured Hangzhou for the second time, and Sikuquanshu was scattered among the people. After cleaning, sorting and supplementing by library collector Ding Brothers, a quarter of the original books were rescued and stored in the restored Wenlan Pavilion on 188 1. During the Republic of China, the Wen Lan Pavilion was renovated again on a large scale, and most of its contents have been restored. Therefore, there are only four volumes of Sikuquanshu, and its Chinese library was originally hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing, then transferred to Taiwan Province Province through Shanghai-Nanjing, and now it is hidden in the National Palace Museum in Taipei (which is also a well-preserved one). Wensui Pavilion was almost sold to the Japanese in 1922, and was transferred from Shenyang Forbidden City to Lanzhou and kept in Gansu Provincial Library. The Jinwen Museum is now kept in the National Library of China, while the incomplete Wen Lan Museum is kept in the Zhejiang Library.

1966 10 In order to protect the safety of the Sikuquanshu, under the coordination of the relevant departments of the central government, Liaoning Province secretly transported the Wensui Pavilion Sikuquanshu to Lanzhou and hid it in the mountains. At present, the relevant people in Liaoning are demanding to return it for the sake of "integration of bookshelves and kiosks". Gansu has also built a library to strengthen protection. The final ownership of Wen Suige's Siku Quanshu is still uncertain.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the Commercial Press photocopied the first batch of rare books of Si Ku Quan Shu. Taiwan Province Commercial Press photocopied and published Ge's Si Ku Quan Shu. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House reduced it. From 65438 to 0999, Shanghai People's Publishing House and Chinese University of Hong Kong published the electronic versions of Ge's Sikuquanshu respectively.