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ten thousand

Auspicious symbol of ancient Indian religion. Showing golden light, Tathagata has ten thousand words on his chest. Wu Zetian of Tang Dynasty in China set the tone as "Wan". It means "a collection of auspicious virtues". In Buddhist scriptures, it is also written as "ho".

"Ba" is the mantra of many ancient tribes, which appeared in the history of ancient India, Persia, Greece, Egypt, Troy and other countries, and was later adopted by some ancient religions. At first, people regarded it as a symbol of the sun or fire, and later people generally regarded it as an auspicious symbol. With the spread of ancient Indian Buddhism, the word "Wan Zi" was also introduced into China. In Sanskrit, this word is pronounced as "full room is beneficial to time", which means "auspicious sea clouds", that is, auspicious symbols presented between the sea and the sky. Painted on the Buddha's chest, it is regarded as "auspicious" by Buddhists and can emit precious light. "its light is swaying, and there are thousands of things."

Buddhist translation of the word "Wan" in China is also inconsistent. A classic book in the Northern Wei Dynasty translated it into the word "Wan". In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang and others translated it into the word "virtue", emphasizing the infinite merits of the Buddha. The female emperor Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty named it "Wan", which means to combine the good fortune and merits of the world. There are two ways to write "Wan Zi", one is right-handed and the other is left-handed ("Wan Zi"). Most Buddhists believe that the rotation of the right hand should prevail, because it is auspicious for Buddhism, and all kinds of Buddhist ceremonies held by Buddhists are carried out with the right hand. This mysterious symbol, regarded by Buddhists as auspicious and meritorious, was used by Hitler, the leader of German fascism, as his symbol of party flag. Of course this has nothing to do with Buddhism. Party flag designed by Hitler himself, with white characters on a red background and black Nazi party emblem embedded in the middle. Hitler was very satisfied with their design and thought that "this is a real symbol". In his book Mein Kampf, he said: "Red symbolizes the social significance of our movement, and white symbolizes nationalist thought. This word symbolizes the mission of winning the Aryans. " Later, Hitler also designed swastika armbands and swastika symbols for his stormtroopers and party member.

Hitler chose "the swastika" as the symbol for several reasons. One said it was designed after the name of the Nazi Party. Nazi Party means "National Socialist Party". In German, the prefixes of "country" and "society" are both "S", and the two prefixes overlap and form the shape of "swastika". However, the Buddhist "Ai" is gold, while the Nazi "Ai" is black. Another way of saying it is that American scholar Robert? Payne suggested it. Payne believes that Hitler had a strong desire to worship authority and pursue power since he was a child. When he was a child, there was an old monastery near his home. The corridors of the monastery, the stone wells, the monks' seats and the sleeves of the dean's coat are all decorated with swastikas. Hitler worships the power of the dean, and thinks that "swish" is a symbol of the authority of the dean. He hopes that one day he can have supreme authority like the dean. Payne believes that this is why he later chose the word "Zi" as the symbol of party flag. There is also a saying that Hitler was influenced by an anti-Semitic organization called the New Knights Templar. This organization believes that Aryans are the best people, and only by maintaining their pure blood can the world have hope. This is consistent with Hitler's view. The founder of this organization is a missionary and astrologer. He divined for Hitler and predicted that he would be a man who shocked the world in the future. Hitler was very excited when he heard these words. The symbol of this organization is "Wan Zi". So he chose this symbol when he later designed party flag.

The mysterious title of "the swastika used by the Nazi Party" made countless Nazis crazy. They gathered under this banner and did all the bad things. After the defeat of fascism in World War II, this symbol was shattered immediately. However, in June, 2000, a British journalist fell from the sky and photographed the fascist symbol "Wan Zi" composed of trees, at a distance of Berlin 1 10. It consists of 48 trees, surrounded by different tree species, with a length of 60 meters, clear lines and obvious signs. These 48 trees belong to Larix gmelinii and are surrounded by evergreen conifers. There is no difference between spring and summer, but every late autumn and early winter, the leaves of Larix gmelinii gradually turn yellow, and a yellow "swastika" symbol is highlighted. According to the investigation, it was planted by a rich farmer in the French countryside when Hitler was rampant. As soon as the photos were published, people immediately protested and demanded that the French government immediately eradicate them. French law does not allow public display of the Nazi party symbol on any occasion, so this Nazi symbol made of trees was quickly eliminated. Hitler of Nazi Germany consulted sinologists and learned that Nazi natural symbols came from China, so he sent a huge disguised archaeological and cultural force to climb Tibet, the cradle of Buddhism, on foot with the support of airplanes. It is true that the swastika symbol is widely used in Buddhism. It is a cross sign used by the Nazi party on the chest of the Tathagata. I wonder if Hitler discovered a natural Nazi party emblem in Tibet. Indeed, the expert on Chinese characters is right. He said Sakamoto is one of the symbols of China's cultural wisdom. From the Book of Changes, rudder and rudder are used together. Yan's pronunciation is (contemporary): "Wan", Tongtai, Feng. Pronunciation is (contemporary): "Fu", auspicious and virtuous. China's Zen Buddhism also uses this symbol. Hua Yan Jing 65 involves the legal circles: "There are seven marks on the chest." "Huayi" was written by Huiyuan in Tang Dynasty: "This is not a word, and Zhou Changshou is two years old. The right to make this article famous is called the collection of Jide. " I wonder if the Germans have ever been to the birthplace of Zen (Yijianshan, Shuangfeng Mountain and Wei Zi). Although German officers helped Chiang Kai-shek train officers in Lushan. The author, Dai Yue, took the star Dai Yue, stayed on the road, hiked over the two peaks of the famous mountains in eastern Hubei, and found the natural Bagua Peak at the top of the two peaks. Then I visited Baiyun Cave, Flame Cave, Huanglongtan, Qingliang Mountain Ancient Cave and Mushi 'an, and said with one voice that "Taoism is born with Bagua Peak at the top." Inspired by this, we draw a mountain range and find that it takes Yijianshan as the axis, and the east-west direction is Dongchong Mountain, and the west is connected with Badou Peak in Qichun County to Taipingqiao Mountain. The north-south trend is to travel to Zhai Hong in the south and to Pingshan, a Taoist priest in Wei Zi in Qichun and Huangmei counties in the north, just because the east, west, north and south are vertical, which completely conforms to the figure and is really natural. Mountain shape: Dongshan turns south, and the snow flows eastward, and the rest of the veins reach Zhutou Mountain and Magan Mountain. Here, there is a temple built by the leader of Gaoshan School, one of the eight major leaders of the Tang Dynasty. There are four ancestral temples and pastoral temples in Kowloon, and finally the Dade ancestral temple in Toutuo, Wufeng Mountain turns south. Yamagata: South Mountain breaks to the west, that is, the meditation place of the six ancestors breaks to Youhongzhai in the west, and Hengjiang Mountain breaks to the west with scenic spots such as Henggang and Songcui. Yamagata: The West Mountain bends from one point in the north to eight, and the Phoenix Mountain emerges. Yamagata: Beishan bends eastward; That is, Pingshan, the Taoist priest of Nanling Temple in Qichun, turned to East Flame Mountain, moved to Garden Mountain, passed Baiyun Cave and Flame Cave, and fell into Huanglongtan. When it rains in Chu Qing in spring and summer or when the air is crisp in autumn, you can climb to the top of the mountain, look around and enjoy the wonderful mountain vein; You can also go to the deciduous jungle in autumn and winter to verify all aspects. Canglang Academy @ chinese zen Buddhist College launched a study tour of ancient Buddhist culture. The ancients in eastern Hubei knew this place very well. Scholars, dignitaries have been planning for a long time, trying to win Feng Shui. Chen Lingzu, the last champion in Qichun County in the late Qing Dynasty, was buried at the turning point from north to east. Cheng Shuai, the governor of Zhejiang Flower Exploration Bureau in Huangmei County, was buried in Mushi Temple, a scenic spot at the southern end of Dongzhe, which is a scenic spot in Zhao Gong Kowloon of Samsung. The tomb of Jin Dejia Hanlin Academy, a member of Guangji County, was compiled and revised in Jinji Independence Mountain, located in the south of Shannan. What's more, it is said that the coffin of Wang Keshou, the minister of the Ministry of War of Huangmei County, was sealed in Nobu Garden at the end of the north to the east at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Of course, even the best geomantic omen will inevitably be destroyed by grave robbers, including Commissioner Jin, Shuai Taifu and Chen Zhuangyuan. The only Kelly is blocked by eight tombs of the Ministry of War, and it is difficult to find a cave. The natural Eight Diagrams Array is a wonder of Taoism in China. Zen is a treasure of Chinese civilization.

In Tibetan, the word "Wan" is called "Yong Zhong" or "Yong Zhong La Qu". "…" has both simple graphs and connected graphs; The shapes are left-handed "ü" and right-handed "ü". In the past, Chinese characters were written in two ways and had two meanings. "The symbol used on the Buddha statue was the left-rotating" ten thousand characters ". According to Ci Yuan, "Wan Zi" is not a word, but a symbol on the Buddha's chest. It means auspicious happiness. "Wan" is also the mantra of many ancient tribes. This symbol appeared in the history of ancient India, Persia, Greece and other countries; Later, it was used by some ancient religions, such as Brahmanism, Buddhism and Jainism. Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House (1979 edition) contains: "Wan Wan" is "an ancient spell, amulet or religious symbol"; It is usually considered as a symbol of the sun or fire. In Sanskrit, the word "Zi" is srivatsa, which means "a collection of auspicious samples".

Some people think that the Chinese character "Qu" was first born in India and Europe, and was introduced to China with the eastward movement of Buddhism in the 4th century, so it is an "exotic product". Others believe that the character "Ba" originated from the Qiang people in ancient China.

Archaeological data show that as early as 6000-7000 years ago, the word "Bao" appeared on pottery made by ancestors in Gansu and Qinghai, which shows that the word "Bao" is a symbol with a long history. For example, painted pottery in Liuwan, Ledu, Qinghai also has the word "Zi", and Neolithic sites in Guangdong and Inner Mongolia also have similar symbols. Buddhism was not introduced into China until the 4th century, that is, the Eastern Han Dynasty. In recent years, some ancient rock paintings have been discovered in Tibet and Qinghai. In addition to animals, the sun and auspicious pictures, there is also the word "swastika" (such as the evolution sequence diagram of Japanese soil rock paintings found in Aritu County, Tibet). Since 1950s, a large number of paleolithic tools have been found in Tibet and its marginal areas. It is estimated that human beings settled on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at least 50,000 years ago.

There are such words in the Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary: they have two meanings: one is the doctrine of Bonism and the symbol of Bonism. The second is firm and eternal. According to the biography of the king of Tibet, after the introduction of Indian Buddhism into Tibet, there was a fierce conflict and even struggle with Bonism. When powerful Buddhists besieged Bonism Castle, Bonism painted tens of thousands of words in four corners of the castle to boost morale and "draw squares" to appease civilians. It can be seen that the "Wanzi" here is an indestructible witchcraft centered on Boni, which is used to eliminate disasters and drive away epidemics. Using this modal symbol to cast spells, inanimate nature will change from "static" to "dynamic", and Bonism will last forever. Religion often uses art to make us feel the truth of religion better, or uses images to explain the truth of religion for imagination. Religion needs to show the gods as tangible material phenomena to a certain extent, so that the masses can better feel the real existence of the gods, so that religious emotions can have specific projection targets. Therefore, the word "Zi" was once the teaching emblem of Bonism, which had the function of witchcraft.

Buddhism was introduced into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a foreign religion. It infiltrated and influenced Bonism in doctrine, and even caused the opposition between the two factions. It is true that Buddhism and Buddhism are similar in some ways. For example, Bonism regards the world as a number of squares, each square symbolizes a tribe, and the square is divided into three layers, which represent heaven, earth and earth in turn, and are inhabited by Bonism's gods, people and demons respectively. These concepts are basically consistent with the Buddhist concept of "samsara". As we know, Buddhist teachings have absorbed a lot of Brahmanism, such as immortality of the soul, karma, and reincarnation. It is believed that all beings have no beginning and no end, that is, life and death rotate, and the soul itself will never die. It is precisely because the teachings of Buddhism and Bonism are the same that Buddhism disputed and rejected Bonism on the one hand, and merged with Bonism on the other hand, absorbing many components of Bonism. In this way, as the emblem of Bonism, with the development and evolution of history, the word "swastika" was gradually accepted by Buddhism. Formally, the Bonini swastika rotates counterclockwise, that is, the left-handed type, while the Buddhist swastika rotates clockwise, that is, the right-handed type. By means of changing the form, he incorporated many teachings of Bonism into his own ideological system, and then formed Tibetan Buddhism. The character "canal" has also become a symbol of Tibetan Buddhism and has been preserved.

People in Xizang still uses the "swastika" as a family amulet. Some people tie a cloth with a "swastika" on the top of the yard or gate, while others carve this symbol on the masonry. According to the old people, it can ward off evil spirits, and it has a strong aesthetic taste by using "Wan Zi" as the decoration of buildings. For example, the windows, walls, gates and beams of Tibetan Buddhist temple buildings are engraved with "ten thousand words"; The word "swastika" is also engraved on the walls of the courtyard, on the stones laid inside and outside the courtyard, and on the square bricks in the garden; The door and window patterns of folk quadrangles also have a word "change" or "swish", that is, "wealth is not limited" Its shapes are round, square, single and double, and rich patterns are painted on the dado and board wall.

In Gan Qing's folk embroidery and weaving works, the word "Wan" and its variants are widely used. Its grain changes, momentum, style, charm and expression are all filled with strong national flavor. For example, the braided tube worn by Tibetan women, the purse hanging around the waist are embroidered with the word "Wan Zi" and its variants, and clothes, belts, cuffs, collars, shoes, socks pads and socks with roots are also embroidered with the variant of "Wan Zi". The edges and corners of folk carpets, horse mattresses and tapestries. Mostly the variation pattern of the head.

At first, people thought that this figure was a symbol of the sun or the sacred flame, which evolved from the map of the sun. The character "before the canal" is standardized and may have various forms, including different rotation directions. The appearance of the sun and the word "ten thousand" shows that people worship the sun; People interpret the character "canal" as the eternal sun or the eternal sun. Later, it evolved into a symbol of firmness, eternity, evil spirits and auspiciousness, which is an eternal auspicious symbol.

Zi is a traditional auspicious word. The four ends of the word extend vertically and horizontally and meet each other to form a pattern, which is called "Wan" and "Long-legged hyphenation". The auspicious patterns composed of "ten thousand words" such as "endless life" and "Changchun in ten thousand generations" symbolize eternal happiness.

Sun God is one of the biggest gods of Bonism in Tibet, and his character "shua" is a symbol representing the sun. The application of "Qu" religious pattern in women's clothing has obvious characteristics. In the eyes of Tibetan women, it is a beautiful symbol and is regarded as an auspicious thing. On holidays, women always draw a big "ten thousand" on the doorstep with white lime to show good luck in the coming year. In some places, Tibetan women also like to embroider "Wan Zi" on the back of clothes. They think it can avoid natural and man-made disasters. Any woman born in this year will never forget to embroider "ten thousand words" on her back to pray for the Buddha to bless this year's peace. A headdress for modern women in northern Tibet is called "Gunduo", which is made of small white conchs connected in series with a swastika pattern printed on it.

At the wedding, the word "Zi" shows the blending of religious feelings and aesthetic feelings. Tibetans living in Riyue Township, Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province have a habit. When getting married, the husband's family spread sheepskin in the yard and painted the word "ten thousand" on the sheepskin with highland barley. When the bride enters the door, she steps on the right center of the word "swastika" to show the meaning of "male and female are born together, yin and yang are matched, the sex is happy, the luck is good, and it is firm and permanent". At the wedding in Ganzi Tibetan area, the bride and groom either sit or kneel in the middle of the Tibetan carpet and listen to "praise the wedding" on the "ten thousand words" made of highland barley or wheat.

In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Tibetan warrior costume was made of suede and white leather pants, and there was a circular cloth at the knee with the word "ditch" engraved on it. In old Tibet, when a Lama was reincarnated and a new government official took office, a grand ceremony was held. There must be a throne in the ceremony. On the throne, the word "Wan Zi" is spelled with highland barley or wheat, which symbolizes indestructible and eternal symbol, and smart teenagers or new officials sit on it. "Zi" is widely used in temples, houses, costumes, festivals, weddings, buildings, festivals, tents, mats, bowls, floors or walls.