What is metaphysics? Some people say that historical materialism is a kind of metaphysics (his name is Li Ao). what do you think?

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties in China, there appeared an ideological trend of advocating Laozi and Zhuangzi, which generally referred to metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The concept of "Xuan" was first seen in Laozi: "Xuan is mysterious and the door to all miracles." Wang Bi's "A Brief Introduction to Laozi" said: "The deep one is also deep." Metaphysics is a theory to study profound problems. Wei Jin people attached great importance to Laozi, Zhuangzi and Yijing, and called them "San Xuan". The main representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties are Yanhe, Wang Bi, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang. The emergence of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties has its profound social background and ideological and cultural background. In short, it came into being on the basis of the decline of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty to make up for the deficiency of Confucianism. It evolved from Taoism and the theory of Huang Lao in Han Dynasty. It is the product of the direct evolution of Wei Chu dialect in the late Han Dynasty. Looking at metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, its basic characteristics are as follows: ① Taking San Xuan as the main research object, and Annotating The Book of Changes with Laozi and Zhuangzi. (2) around the dialectical question of "existence". Metaphysics is represented by Yanhe and Wang Bi, and regards "nothing" as the foundation and unity of the world. Pei Wei, a theorist who worships existence, believes that existence is self-generated, and self-generation is embodied by something. The basic content of his philosophy is to explore the world ontology. Gui Feizi regards "nothing" as the existence basis of "being" and puts forward the ontological thought of "nothing"; Guo Xiang, on the other hand, advocates the individualization theory, believing that "you" exists alone and does not need "nothing" as his own ontology. ④ Its philosophical purpose is to solve the relationship between religion and nature in Ming Dynasty. Wang Bi interpreted the Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius by interpreting Confucianism, which reconciled the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. He believes that Ming Jiao is the "end", nature is the "foundation", Ming Jiao is the inevitable expression of nature, and the two are the relationship between end and body. Guo Xiang put forward the theory that Taoism is natural, and thought that Taoism is natural and consistent with Confucianism. Ruan Ji and Ji Kang put forward the idea of "letting nature take its course", showing the tendency of anti-Confucianism. ⑤ Take "forgetting words with pride" as the method. In view of the complicated interpretation methods of Han and Confucianism, Wang Bi and Guo Xiang emphasized the principle of justice when demonstrating problems, opposed insisting on words and images, and put forward the methods of "forgetting words with pride" and "sending words to express meaning". ⑥ Taking "distinguishing names and analyzing reasons" as its philosophical thinking form. Metaphysics attaches great importance to the distinction between name and reason, and is good at analyzing and reasoning concepts. The distinction between name and reason is one of the basic characteristics of its thinking form.

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