What are the characteristics of literature and art in Song Dynasty?

The characteristics of literature and art in the Song Dynasty in the form of expression;

The literature of Song Dynasty mainly covers ci, poetry, prose, story-telling novels, drama scripts, etc. Among them, ci has the highest creative achievement, followed by poetry and prose, followed by story-telling novels. The literary works of the Song Dynasty inherited the style of the early Northern Song Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty, with colorful words, which were mostly used for singing and responding. With Wang Yucheng's concern for people's livelihood and the court's attention to Confucianism, literary writers began to attach importance to the missionary function of Confucianism, but their achievements were not high. It was not until the second ancient prose movement brought by Ouyang Xiu that literary talents began to write in plain language, and the content reflected the disadvantages of life, and literary creation entered a peak. The literature of Song Dynasty has an important and special position in the history of China literature development, which is in the stage of connecting the past with the future, that is, the period when China literature changed from elegance to vulgarity.

In Song Dynasty, the ideological circle advocated Taoism or Neo-Confucianism, and paid attention to "keeping meaning by reason" (Cheng Yi's Answer to Shi Yang on Xi and Shu Ming). This kind of academic atmosphere spread, which made the poetry creation in Song Dynasty have a strong didactic color and its significance was carved out. Song poetry is dominated by Qi, so there are many revelations "(Wang Shizhen's Biography of Poems by Teachers and Friends). This special style of Song poetry is in sharp contrast with the poetry of Tang Dynasty, which is mainly romantic.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to consolidate the political power, the rulers took a series of measures to ease social contradictions. As a result, farmers got a chance to breathe and the vast rural areas got rid of fatigue and fatigue. In some areas, there has even been a prosperous scene of "rice ears full of cars, and every chicken and dog is more Sang Ma", and the rural economy has developed greatly. With the progress of agricultural production, handicrafts and commerce have also shown corresponding prosperity. Mining, textiles and porcelain; The printing industry has also developed rapidly, and some new prosperous cities have gradually emerged. All these provided favorable social conditions for the development of literature in Song Dynasty. In particular, the emergence of movable type printing has enabled a large number of books to be published rapidly around the world, promoted the dissemination and exchange of cultural knowledge, broadened the horizons of scholars and increased their interest in writing books, and made private writings emerge one after another, with a scale and quantity far ahead of the previous generation. The growing prosperity of Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Yangzhou and other big cities has expanded the theme of ci and enriched the creative content of ci. Due to the urgent need of the citizen class for cultural life, it has promoted the high development of folk rap and ci, and made popular literature such as storytelling novels flourish rapidly.