In what era are Qijia culture and Longshan culture, and what is the connection between them?

Qijia culture and Majiayao culture were first discovered in the Prince Temple in Guhe Prefecture, the activity center of Daxia people around 300 BC. According to historical records, Guanghe County established Daxia County in the sixteen countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which experienced the Northern Wei, Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The site of the county seat is about 5 kilometers northwest of the county seat. Guanghe was called Prince Temple in ancient times. There are all kinds of magical legends in the Prince Temple. According to legend, Fu Su, the prince of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, once built a temple here, which was later called the Prince Temple by the people. The Qing dynasty set up the judge of Taizi temple city-state. Guanghe County faces Taohe River in the east, Daxia River and Guangtong River in the west, and dense Taizishan forest in the south. In A.D. 1924, archaeologists discovered the paleolithic culture in Qijiaping, Guanghe County, on the west bank of Taohe River, and named it Qijia Culture.

Longshan culture generally refers to a cultural relic in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China in the late Neolithic period. Bronze culture, named after its first discovery in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, is about 4350-3950 years ago. Distributed in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In Dawenkou culture, the fast-wheel pottery-making technology was widely used in this period. The polished black pottery is more in quantity and better in quality. It is made by firing vessels as thin as eggshells and its surface is as bright as paint, which is the peak period in the history of pottery making in China. According to the legend recorded in the pre-Qin literature, the ancestors of the Han nationality lived in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The ancestors of the Han nationality generally lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, starting from Longshan in the west and Taishan in the east. Yangshao culture and Longshan culture are two Neolithic cultures mainly distributed in this area, which are generally considered as the cultural remains of Han ancestors.

/kloc-0 In the spring of 928, archaeologist Wu Jinding discovered the world-famous Chengziya site in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province. On the western fault of Chengziya platform, he excavated thin-walled pottery with black luster, which coexisted with stone tools and bone tools. At that time, experts from the Archaeological Group of the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica attached great importance to it. Since then, archaeologists have excavated the Chengziya site many times and obtained a number of cultural remains characterized by beautifully polished black pottery. According to these findings, archaeologists named this cultural relic with black pottery as its main feature "Longshan Culture".

Since the discovery of Longshan site, archaeologists have discovered cultural remains of this period in Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hubei. However, due to their different cultural characteristics, they were named Longshan culture in Henan, Longshan culture in Shaanxi, Shijiahe culture in Hubei and Longshan culture in Taosi, Shanxi, which were collectively called Longshan culture. The most striking feature of culture in this period is the discovery of urban sites. For example, in Shandong, in addition to the Longshan site in Chengziya, there are Shouguang sideline king site, eight sites found in Yanggu, Dong 'e and chiping counties, and Tianwang Village site in Linzi. There are Pingliangtai Ancient City in Huaiyang, Wang Chenggang in Dengfeng, Haojiatai in Yancheng and Mengzhuang in Huixian.

Longshan culture belongs to the late Neolithic period in China. During this period, agriculture and animal husbandry in Shaanxi developed greatly compared with Yangshao culture, and the number and types of production tools also increased greatly. The technology of quick-wheel pottery making is more common, which greatly improves the production efficiency. At the same time, witchcraft activities such as divination are also very popular. Judging from the social form, it had entered the patriarchal society at that time, private property had appeared and began to enter the threshold of class society.

Longshan cultural sites are mostly distributed in Shandong Peninsula. Similar sites have been found in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Liaodong Peninsula, Jiangsu and Hubei. This culture is characterized by many thin, hard and shiny black pottery, especially eggshell black pottery, so it is also called "black pottery culture".

In addition to pottery, Longshan culture has a large number of stone tools, bones and mussels. They are mainly engaged in agriculture, hunting, fishing and raising livestock. Have the habit of physiognomy divination. Bronze may have appeared. The cultural origin of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in history may be related to Longshan culture.