Historical witness: The plot of Caesar's Assassination and Anthony's Secret are hidden in the building.

Architecture is a special existence in human history. It is not only practical as a tool, but also an important place for human production and life. On the other hand, it is also very artistic, witnessing the history of human development and condensing human spiritual culture. In the historical change and development, it can also play a role in influencing the historical process.

Back to ancient Greece and Rome, the birthplace of western civilization. After inheriting and innovating the architectural art of ancient Greece, ancient Rome can be said to have created a unique artistic territory in architectural art, which reached the peak of western ancient art in architectural form, technology and art.

There are also many types of buildings in ancient Rome, such as the Pantheon and the Sun Temple in Baalbek, as well as public buildings such as palaces, theaters, arenas, baths, squares and cathedrals. Religious architecture is the most typical one. The main feature of these religious temples is that they look unremarkable on the outside, but they are extremely luxurious on the inside.

The first is the Pantheon, which is the best preserved building in ancient Rome. It was built in the 3rd century BC. The Romans creatively combined the Greek column structure with the arch, becoming one of the largest dome buildings in the world, representing the highest achievement of dome technology in ancient Rome.

The upper part of this temple is a perfect round hemisphere, and the whole building consists of a rectangular porch and a temple. Among them, the inner wall has eight large niches along the circumference to reduce the weight of the wall and decorate it. Very creative. The superb and developed art of arch coupons in ancient Rome increased the internal space of the temple. This magnificent architectural style embodies its noble and solemn characteristics and produces a lofty aesthetic feeling.

Especially at that time, the religious ceremonies in Rome were held indoors, isolated from the outside world, and communicated with God through the grand and ethereal environment inside. The charm of the Pantheon is that it shows the image of the universe, and its dome that reaches the sky indicates communication with the universe.

It was in these dense buildings in the city center that the Romans began their political life. During the period of * * *, both the citizens' meeting, the elders' meeting and the trial of criminals must be held in these buildings. These political activities have been closely related to architecture since then. Therefore, these buildings had a great influence on the political life and historical development of the Romans at that time.

These Roman squares and nearby buildings were the main battlefields of Roman civil war at that time, and they were also important tools for their political struggle. These politicians can use these memorial buildings and religious buildings to enhance their prestige and win the obedience of the people. You can also deepen your contact with God through these temples, regard yourself as the incarnation of "God" and bring irresistible factors to your rule.

Especially the special background of the Roman Civil War. The politicians in ancient Rome played the role of architecture to the extreme, leaving behind exquisite architecture and wonderful historical stories.

Because of their unique geographical location, these important buildings are used by some armed protesters as important tools for fierce political struggle here. Caesar was stabbed here.

After Caesar reformed the Roman political system, the Roman economy developed steadily, but it touched the interests of the aristocratic elders. So in 44 BC, these elders United and carefully planned the death of Julius Caesar.

The assassination was chosen in the Senate Chamber because it was the only place that could succeed at that time, because Caesar, as the most dignified ruler of the Roman Empire at that time, was loved by the people of the whole country and could do nothing about Caesar elsewhere. On the other hand, because of the particularity of the Senate, weapons are not allowed to enter. Caesar will feel absolutely safe here and will not be so defensive.

As long as the murderer hid the dagger in the file box and raided unarmed Caesar, such a plan could succeed. Killing Caesar in this place can be done quietly, without attracting the attention of the people, and can also give Caesar a reasonable cause of death.

These murderers can give speeches in the Senate and the square to highlight the fairness and rationality of their actions. They can try to oppose dictatorship and win the support of the people through such means. Although these murderers' attempts to change the course of history finally failed, the assassination was indeed successful.

The Senate not only ended Caesar's name, but also destroyed Rome and the Republic. Rome, which ended Caesar's dictatorship, fell into chaos. This all-out civil war seriously weakened Rome's strength, and this powerful empire finally fell apart.

In addition to closed buildings such as the Senate, wide squares also play an important role. Because of its publicity and openness, politicians can make speeches here to win the support of the people. Especially after Caesar's death, many ambitious people gave speeches here.

The first is Caesar's killer. They recounted Caesar's crimes and thought that his dictatorship deprived the Romans of their rights and pushed Rome to the abyss. But not long after, Caesar's men came with cavalry, surrounded the square, moved out Caesar's scarred body, and accused these murderers of actually committing crimes.

This practice quickly aroused the hatred of the people. After seeing the body, they were full of anger at the murderer and tried their best to kill him. So Anthony, who read Caesar's will, became the heir of Caesar in people's minds and won people's support.

This shows that the power of the square can not be underestimated. This is not only the place where Roman citizens exercise their political rights, but also the center of various political struggles. It profoundly influenced the life and historical development of the Romans at that time.

The most important religious buildings in Rome show respect for the gods, so all kinds of things happening in temples are also regarded as the guidance of the gods. So these events will also affect people's judgment on the political situation.

In the consul election in 83 BC, two temples were struck by lightning, and the soothsayers at that time felt ominous. Soon more temples were struck by lightning, which frightened the Romans. They feel that Rome is on the verge of decline, especially when people think that this is the end of * * * and the regime.

In addition to "providence", when faced with an unknown war, the Romans would choose to sacrifice in the temple to beg the help of the gods. The main purpose of this practice is not how much help the gods can really get, but to boost morale and win the support and trust of the masses.

Caesar has done this many times. At midnight before the battle of Salou, he begged the gods. After the victory of the war, he built the famous Temple of Venus in Rome to express his gratitude to the gods. He also built Caesar Square for people to gather and study here.

There is Octavian, who swore in the war with the * * * faction that if the war was won, he would build the temple of Mars, the Avenger, in Rome to thank the gods. After his victory, he built a temple. In this temple, he put the statues of himself and his family and the statues of various gods together to show his outstanding achievements, juxtapose his own with the gods and give himself the legitimacy of power.

On the one hand, Octavian strengthened his rule, gradually formed the worship of the Roman head of state, and deified his position in ruling the empire. They will also use this method to promote themselves and strive for the initiative in various wars.

Because of the religious and solemn nature of the temple, many important documents were placed there at that time. It turns out that Anthony's will was placed in the temple of Vesta. After Octavian learned the contents of the will, he got Anthony's will and read it on the spot, regardless of the solemn intrusion of the temple.

Because the contents mentioned in this will seriously violated the Roman values at that time, Anthony was declared a public enemy of Rome, which made Octavian push his opponent into a moral corner and eventually defeated him to become the Roman emperor. In this war without smoke, the temple became an important stage for political competition.

These seemingly cold buildings played an important role in Roman history. Sometimes it is an important tool for political struggle, sometimes it is an important place for prayer and spiritual exchange, and it is also the focus of Roman life. These public buildings almost run through the history of Rome, and also reflect the love and values of the Romans.

References:

Roman architecture

Biography of the Twelve Kings of Rome