The Chinese composition of 20 18 senior high school entrance examination contains three classic materials: Confucius, Sun Bin and Jing Ke.

# Education # Introduction compiled the classic materials of common words in Chinese composition for the 20 18 senior high school entrance examination: Confucius, Sun Bin and Jing Ke.

I. Introduction to Confucius

Confucius (55 BC1-479), named Qiu, Lu was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

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Reach the perfection.

Confucius attached great importance to the content and form of music and praised the perfect artistic forms of ancient music and dance Shao and Jiu Bian. The Analects of Confucius: "I smell Shao in Qi, but I don't know the taste of meat in March." Confucius commented that Shao was perfect. On the other hand, he highly praised the artistic expression of Da Wu, a music dance in the Zhou Dynasty, but criticized the content of its performance of Zhou Wugong's military exploits against merchants: "Da Wu is not perfect."

Be content with poverty

Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, righteousness is the value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But his peace and happiness can't be regarded as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "

Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.

When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not win the trust of the princes, but he almost died. However, Confucius was not discouraged, but remained optimistic, insisting on the ideal of self-denial, even knowing that he could not do it.

A gentleman can be satisfied with poverty without losing anything.

Confucius went to the state of Chen and lived in Zhenzi's house in Sicheng for three years. When Chu heard that Confucius was between Chen and Cai, he asked people to hire Confucius and prepare to seal 700 miles of this civil society with household registration to Confucius. Confucius paid a return visit, and the immigrants from Chen Di to Emperor Cai were surrounded, unable to travel and cut off food. The follower's disciple was tired and hungry and couldn't stand up. But Confucius still "talks and sings string songs endlessly" (teaching and reciting, playing and singing endlessly, teaching poetry, books, rituals and music endlessly). Lutz was very angry and came to see Confucius and said, "Is the gentleman poor?" Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor." Warn gentlemen to keep their integrity and morality in any difficult period, no matter what happens.

Go on like this

Confucius stood at the foot of Mount Nishan, looking at the rolling Liaohe River, touching the scene, and could not help but sigh: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night!" Confucius found a profound truth in the common green waves of running water, and regrets flowed away like water. Later, Zhuangzi wrote in Zhuangzi? There is a similar sigh in The Journey to the West: "Life between heaven and earth is like a blink of an eye." Describe how time flies, which is also the origin of "fleeting".

Second, a brief introduction to Sun Bin

Sun Bin, a strategist in the Warring States Period, is a descendant of Sun Wu. People in the areas of Qi Guo 'a (now northeast of Yanggu, Shandong) and Gan (now north of Juancheng) mainly lived in the period.

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Learn from guiguzi

Sun Bin, smart since childhood. Unfortunately, he lost his father when he was young, and his second brother Sun Hu also disappeared because of the mutiny. Sun Bin is determined to learn from his teacher and benefit the people. At that time, there was a scholar named Wang in the state of Chu, who was proficient in the art of war and had strong martial arts. He lived in seclusion in Guigu Mountain, and the world regarded him as Mr. Guigu, so Sun Bin learned from Mr. Guigu. Sun Bin also studied under Pang Juan, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, who were later called Four Friends of Ghost Valley.

Jealous of one's talent

Pang Juan is his classmate, and Sun Bin is studious, honest and gets along well with other disciples. Pang Juan, on the other hand, is narrow-minded, arrogant and jealous of talents. Pang Juan went down the mountain before Sun Bin and became the general of Wei Huiwang. He felt that he was not as talented as Sun Bin, so he quietly sent someone to call Sun Bin to his side. After Sun Bin arrived, Pang Juan framed Sun Bin and cut off his two kneecaps (known as "guest punishment" in ancient times), trying to hide Sun Bin's talent from the world. This is the origin of the name Sun Bin.

Escape from Wei

After Sun Qiang's kneecap was cut off, he became a disabled person and a despised criminal. One day, when he heard that the emissary of Qi had arrived in the county seat of Wei, he secretly met the emissary of Qi as a prisoner. Chen told his story, his marching strategy and political opinions. The envoys of Qi were greatly moved and thought that he was a rare talent, so they secretly took him back to Qi by car.

Show one's talent in horse racing

When Sun Bin arrived in Qi, Qi Weiwang acceded to the throne soon. Princes and nobles in Qi often take pleasure in horse racing. On one occasion, Sun Bin went to see horse races in Tian Ji and Qi Weiwang. Sun Bin suggested that the general first use the inferior horse and the superior Marseille in Wang Wei, then use the superior horse and his medium Marseille, and then use the medium horse and his inferior Marseille. Tian Ji did just that, and the result was a loss and two wins. In the previous competition, Tian Ji lost to Qi Weiwang. This time, Qi Weiwang was surprised that Tian Ji suddenly won himself, so he asked him what method he used. Tian Ji took the opportunity to recommend Sun Bin to Qi Weiwang. Qi Weiwang summoned Sun Bin to discuss the art of war and the way of governing the country with him. Wang Wei was convinced that he was a teacher.

Three. Brief introduction of Jing Ke

At the end of the Warring States Period, wei ren, a former Qi man, liked reading and fencing. Wei people called it "Qingqing" and later swam to Yan State, calling it "Jing Qing". Later, Tian Guang, a brave and profound "chivalrous man" in Yan State, recommended it to Taizi Dan and worshipped it as Shangqing. After the assassination of King Qin, he was killed by accident.

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Get to know Gao Jianli.

When Jing Ke arrived in Yan State, he hit it off with a dog seller and a Gao Jianli who was good at building. Jing Ke likes drinking. He drinks with dog butchers and Gao Jianli in the market of Yan State every day. In a good mood after drinking, Jing Ke and Zhu Qu entertained themselves by singing opera in the market. After that, I cried relatively, and no one looked. So he and Gao Jianli became bosom friends.

Tian Guang is knowledgeable.

When Jing Ke arrived in Yan State, he met Tian Guang, who knew that he was not a mediocre man and admired him very much. It happened that Yan Taizi Dan fled back to the State of Yan after being held hostage in the State of Qin, seeking revenge on the King of Qin. Juwu recommended Tian Guang, and Tian Guang recommended Jing Qing. But Taizi Dan doesn't trust Tian Guang. He thinks that the elderly should not doubt what they do. A person who works alone is suspicious, not even a chivalrous man with integrity, so he commits suicide.

Meet Yan Dan

In order to assassinate the king of Qin, Yan Taizidan entrusted Jing Ke with the great post and begged Jing Ke not to refuse humbly, so he addressed Jing Qing as Shangqing and invited him to stay in a high-class hotel. Every day, the prince comes to meet him, prepares the most abundant banquet, and presents rare items and mounts every few days. Jing Ke felt the sincerity of Taizi Dan and cooperated with him.

Fan Yuqi's conspiracy

Fan Yuan was a general of the State of Qin, and fled to the State of Yan for offending the King of Qin. Only when General Fan's head and the map of Duke Kang of Yan State are presented to the King of Qin, will the King of Qin be happy to see Jing Ke and have a chance to assassinate him. Jing Ke knew that the prince had pity on himself, so he went to see Fan Yuqi privately behind his back and persuaded him with reason. Fan committed suicide and died.

Xiaoshui Mix

The prince and the guests who knew that Jing Ke was going to stab the king of Qin all wore plain clothes to bid farewell to Jing Ke. Above the small water. Gao Jianli strikes the floor, Jing Ke and sings. All the scholars cried in order to change their voices. He walked in front and sang: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever!" Hou Yu was generous, and the philosophers filled in and watched the crown. So Jing Ke drove away, regardless of himself.

The plot of Mongolia

Jing Ke brought thousands of dollars worth of gifts to Meng Jia, the son of Qin Wang's favorite. Jing Ke, the representative of Meng Jia, said in front of the King of Qin: "The Prince of Yan was really frightened by the majesty of the King of Qin. He dared not send troops against the king's soldiers. He would rather be a vassal of Qin from all over the country. I'm here to cut off Fan's head and present a map of Du Kang, the State of Yan, sealed in a box. The prince also held a farewell ceremony in the imperial court and sent envoys to inform the king of this situation. Please indicate. " The king of Qin was very happy to hear the news.

Solve the crisis wisely

The king of Qin arranged nine guests' etiquette and met the envoy of Yan State in Xianyang Palace. Jing Ke took a box with General Fan's head, and Qin Wuyang took a box with a map and walked down the steps in turn. Qin Wuyang was afraid, and his face suddenly changed, which made the ministers of Qin indecisive. Jing Ke smiled back at Qin Wuyang and went forward to apologize to the king of Qin, saying, "The common people in the remote areas of the north have never seen the son of heaven, so they are afraid. I hope the king will forgive them."