How is lightning formed? Write a composition.

1. How Lightning Is Formed 500-word composition Lightning is produced by Lei Yun (charged cloud) naturally discharging to the ground and buildings on the earth. When the weather is hot and humid, the water on the ground is heated and turned into steam, which rises with the heated air on the ground and meets the cold air in the air, so that the rising water vapor condenses into small water droplets and forms cumulus clouds. The water droplets in the cloud are blown up by the strong airflow and split into some small water droplets and large water droplets, which are larger. Larger water droplets with positive charges often fall to the ground to form rain or are suspended in the air. Due to electrostatic induction, negatively charged Lei Yun induces a positive charge on the earth's surface. Thus, a large capacitance is formed between Lei Yun and the earth. When the electric field intensity is larger than the breakdown intensity of the atmosphere, a discharge occurs between Lei Yun and the earth, which is generally called lightning strike.

2. How is lightning formed? How is lightning formed?

That night, lightning suddenly appeared, and it took a while to hear thunder. At this time, a question came to my mind: how did lightning form?

The next morning, I asked the science teacher with this curious question. The science teacher said, "Let's check the information!"

After school, I went home, turned on the computer and looked at the information. It suddenly dawned on me that lightning was caused by the natural discharge of Lei Yun (charged cloud) to buildings and the earth. When the weather is hot and humid, the water on the ground is heated and turned into steam, which rises with the heated air on the ground and meets the cold air in the air, so that the rising water vapor condenses into small water droplets and forms cumulus clouds. The water droplets in the cloud are blown up by the powerful airflow and split into some small water droplets and large water droplets. Larger water droplets are positively charged and smaller water droplets are negatively charged. Small water droplets gather with the wind to form a negatively charged Lei Yun; Larger water droplets with positive charges often fall to the ground to form rain or suspend in the air. Due to electrostatic induction, negatively charged Lei Yun induces a positive charge on the earth's surface. In this way, a large capacitance is formed between Lei Yun and the earth. When the electric field intensity is larger than the breakdown intensity of the atmosphere, a discharge occurs between Lei Yun and the earth, which is generally called lightning strike.

I also found that lightning always comes faster than thunder, because light travels faster than sound in the air, so we see lightning first and then hear thunder.

This time it was really "I don't know, I was shocked at first sight." Through this observation, I gained a lot.

3. The formation of lightning Abstract: During the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, under the simultaneous action of atmospheric electric field, temperature difference electrification effect and crushing electrification effect, positive and negative charges are accumulated in different parts of the clouds respectively.

When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground, that is, the lightning we see ... People usually refer to the clouds where lightning occurs as thunderstorm clouds. In fact, there are several kinds of clouds related to lightning, such as stratocumulus, nimbostratus, cumulonimbus, cumulonimbus, and the most important one is cumulonimbus. Generally speaking, Lei Yun refers to cumulonimbus clouds. The process of cloud formation is a process in which water vapor in the air reaches saturation or supersaturation through various reasons and condenses.

Water vapor saturation in the air is a necessary condition for cloud formation. The main ways are: (1) keeping the water vapor content unchanged and cooling the air; (2) keeping the temperature constant and increasing the water vapor content; (3) Not only the water vapor content is increased, but also the temperature is reduced. But for the formation of clouds, the cooling process is the most important process.

In the process of cooling, the cooling effect brought by ascending movement is the most common. Cumulonimbus cloud is a kind of cloud formed in the process of strong vertical convection.

Because the ground absorbs much more solar radiation heat than the air layer, the ground temperature rises more during the day, especially in summer. Therefore, due to heat conduction and heat radiation, the atmospheric temperature near the ground rises, the gas temperature inevitably expands, the density decreases, and the pressure also decreases. According to the principle of mechanics, it will rise, and the density of the air layer above it is relatively high, and it will sink. In the rising process, the hot airflow expands and depressurizes, and at the same time, it exchanges heat with the high-altitude low-temperature air, so the water vapor in the rising air mass condenses, and water droplets appear, forming clouds.

In the process of strong convection, the fog droplets in the cloud further cool down and become supercooled water droplets, ice crystals or snowflakes, and gradually increase with the height. At the freezing height (-10℃), due to the latent heat released by the freezing of supercooled water, the cloud top suddenly develops upward and spreads horizontally after reaching the tropopause. In the process of cumulonimbus cloud formation, positive and negative charges are accumulated in different parts of the cloud under the simultaneous action of atmospheric electric field, temperature difference electrification effect and debris electrification effect.

When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground, which is what we see as lightning.

How Lightning is Formed 500-word composition Lightning is produced by Lei Yun (charged cloud) naturally discharging to the ground and buildings on the earth. When the weather is hot and humid, the water on the ground is heated and turned into steam, which rises with the heated air on the ground. When it meets cold air in the air, the rising water vapor condenses into small water droplets and forms cumulus clouds. The water droplets in the cloud are blown by the powerful airflow and split into small water droplets and large water droplets, and the larger water droplets are positively charged. Larger water droplets with positive charges often fall to the ground to form rain or are suspended in the air. Due to electrostatic induction, negatively charged Lei Yun induces a positive charge on the earth's surface. Thus, a large capacitance is formed between Lei Yun and the earth. When the electric field intensity is larger than the breakdown intensity of the atmosphere, a discharge occurs between Lei Yun and the earth, which is generally called lightning strike.

5. How is lightning formed .. The formation of lightning.

Lightning is produced by the natural discharge of Lei Yun (charged cloud) to the ground and buildings on the ground, which will cause serious damage to buildings or equipment. Therefore, we should understand the formation process of lightning and its discharge conditions, so as to take corresponding measures to protect buildings from lightning.

When the weather is hot and humid, the water on the ground is heated and turned into steam, which rises with the heated air on the ground and meets the cold air in the air, so that the rising water vapor condenses into small water droplets and forms cumulus clouds. The water droplets in the cloud are blown up by the powerful airflow and split into some small water droplets and large water droplets. Larger water droplets are positively charged and smaller water droplets are negatively charged. Small water droplets gather with the wind to form a negatively charged Lei Yun; Larger water droplets with positive charges often fall to the ground to form rain or suspend in the air. Due to electrostatic induction, negatively charged Lei Yun induces a positive charge on the earth's surface. In this way, a large capacitance is formed between Lei Yun and the earth. When the electric field intensity is larger than the breakdown intensity of the atmosphere, a discharge occurs between Lei Yun and the earth, which is generally called lightning strike.

6. How is lightning generated? People usually refer to the clouds where lightning occurs as thunderstorm clouds. In fact, several kinds of clouds are related to lightning, such as stratocumulus, nimbostratus, cumulonimbus, cumulonimbus, and the most important one is cumulonimbus. Lei Yun mentioned in general professional books refers to cumulonimbus clouds.

The process of cloud formation is a process in which water vapor in the air reaches saturation or supersaturation through various reasons and condenses. Water vapor saturation in the air is a necessary condition for cloud formation. The main ways are as follows:

(1) The water vapor content is unchanged, and the air is cooled;

(2) keeping the temperature constant and increasing the water vapor content;

(3) Not only the water vapor content is increased, but also the temperature is reduced.

But for the formation of clouds, the cooling process is the most important process. In the process of cooling, the cooling effect brought by ascending movement is the most common.

Cumulonimbus cloud is a kind of cloud formed in the process of strong vertical convection. Because the ground absorbs much more solar radiation heat than the air layer, the ground temperature rises more during the day, especially in summer. Therefore, due to heat conduction and heat radiation, the atmospheric temperature near the ground rises, the gas temperature inevitably expands, the density decreases, and the pressure also decreases. According to the principle of mechanics, it will rise, and the density of the air layer above it is relatively high, and it will sink. In the rising process, the hot airflow expands and depressurizes, and at the same time, it exchanges heat with the high-altitude low-temperature air, so the water vapor in the rising air mass condenses, and water droplets appear, forming clouds. In the process of strong convection, the fog droplets in the cloud further cool down and become supercooled water droplets, ice crystals or snowflakes, and gradually increase with the height. At the freezing height (-10℃), due to the latent heat released by the freezing of supercooled water, the cloud top suddenly develops upward and spreads horizontally near the tropopause, forming a cloud anvil, which is a remarkable feature of cumulonimbus clouds.

In the process of cumulonimbus cloud formation, positive and negative charges are accumulated in different parts of the cloud under the simultaneous action of atmospheric electric field, temperature difference electrification effect and debris electrification effect. When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground, which is what people usually call lightning.

Lightning has brought great disasters to human society with its great destructive power, especially in recent years, lightning disasters have occurred frequently, and the harm to the national economy has become increasingly serious. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of lightning protection, actively cooperate with meteorological departments, do a good job of prevention, and minimize the losses caused by lightning.

When human society enters the era of electronic information, the characteristics of lightning disasters are very different from those in the past, which can be summarized as follows: (1) The affected areas have expanded greatly, from the two traditional fields of electric power and construction to almost all industries, with the characteristics of the fields most closely related to high technology, such as aerospace, national defense, posts and telecommunications, computers, electronic industry, petrochemical industry, financial securities and so on. (2) From two-dimensional space invasion to three-dimensional space invasion. The pulsed electromagnetic field, which is transmitted from direct lightning and overvoltage waves to space lightning changes, invades any corner from three-dimensional space, causing disasters everywhere, so the lightning protection project has entered the lightning protection electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) from direct lightning and induced lightning. The former refers to the expansion of industries affected by lightning, and here refers to the expansion of the spatial scope of lightning disasters. For example, on July 25th, 2000 14: 40, a lightning strike caused two units near Guijing Road in Cao Bao Road to be struck by lightning at the same time, instead of the previous lightning strike that only damaged one building. (3) The economic loss and harm degree of lightning disaster are greatly increased. The direct economic loss of the target itself is sometimes not too great, and the indirect economic loss and impact caused by it are difficult to estimate. For example, 1999 At 2 am on August 27th, a paging station was struck by lightning, which caused the station to stop paging for several hours. Direct loss is limited, but indirect loss will greatly exceed direct loss. (4) The fundamental reason for the above features, that is, the key features, is that the main targets of lightning disasters have been concentrated on microelectronic devices and equipment. Lightning itself has not changed, but the development of science and technology has changed the production and living conditions of human society. The application of microelectronics technology permeates all kinds of production and life fields, and the characteristics of microelectronic devices are extremely sensitive, which is easily influenced by the ubiquitous LEMP, leading to the loss of control or damage of microelectronic equipment.

Therefore, the importance, urgency and complexity of lightning protection in today's era have greatly increased, and lightning protection has changed from direct lightning protection to system protection. We must stand at a new height in the historical era to understand and study modern lightning protection technology and improve the comprehensive ability of human beings to defend against lightning disasters.

How does lightning strike cause disaster?

Lightning is a common weather phenomenon in summer, and lightning disaster poses a great threat to natural resources and material civilization created by human beings. So how did lightning cause disaster?

First, lightning produces scorching heat. When lightning strikes, a powerful current passes through the object, generating huge heat instantly. According to analysis, the temperature of lightning current channel can reach 6000℃

7. How is lightning generated? How is lightning produced? In A.D. 1752, Franklin, an American inventor, made many kite experiments and came to the conclusion that lightning was caused by charges in the atmosphere. But until now, it can't explain why clouds are charged and how lightning is produced. Refer to 100,000 Why's in the New Century. Although scientists know that clouds are charged, they cannot explain how clouds accumulate such strong charges. Most scientists believe that the charge generated in the cloud is the interaction between ice and water droplets in the cloud. Scientists believe that water droplets are negatively charged when they freeze, and the water belt on the ice surface is positively charged. The strong airflow divides the clouds with positive and negative charges into two layers, namely, water droplets with positive charges above and ice with negative charges below. When enough charge is generated in the cloud, the power will increase continuously. Air, which should be the best insulator, becomes the best conductor, so that when the charge flows from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in the cloud, a strong current is generated, and finally a lightning reaction is generated. Under the guidance of the teacher, the students of the science and technology interest group in our school have conducted many experiments and discussions. Later, it was concluded that the previous conclusions made by scientists on the generation of lightning were wrong. We observe the following experiment to explain how lightning is produced. In the above experiment, we send the water to the coldest place in the freezer after evaporation, turn the artificial cloud in the lower layer into ice hockey, blow air into the cabinet with a blower, and turn the upper layer into water droplets. The ice hockey layer with negative charge is filled with copper plate, and the water droplet layer with positive charge is filled with copper plate, and then the respective conductors are connected to the positive and negative wires of the ammeter, and the ammeter does not change. If we use a charge electroscope to connect the upper and lower copper plates used in the experiment to the charge electroscope, it is found that the two metal foils will open the circuit, and the two terminals will attract each other when they are near the porcelain rods rubbed with silk, while the plastic rods rubbed with wool will repel each other when they are near. This experiment shows that the ice layer and water vapor layer of artificial clouds are negatively charged. So it seems that the freezing of water droplets proposed by scientists is negatively charged. The water belt on the ice surface is positively charged, and the strong airflow divides the cloud with positive and negative charges into two layers, namely, the water droplets with positive charges above and the ice with negative charges below. When enough charge is generated in the cloud, the amount of electricity keeps increasing, but the air, which should be the best insulator, becomes the best conductor, so that when the charge flows from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in the cloud, a strong current is generated, and finally a lightning reaction is generated. If we think that water droplets are negatively charged when they freeze, the water belt on the ice surface is positively charged, but the positive and negative charges will dissolve with each other, and the charge that rises with the airflow will not exist. Let's make some changes on the above experimental device and see the results. In this experiment, we sealed the evaporated water vapor in a plastic box, turned the water vapor into a cloud of ice hockey with a freezer, and then blew the air to the plants in the freezer with a blower. The airflow in the plant flowerpot rises to the top of the cloud, and the copper plates installed up and down are connected to the two terminals of the ammeter respectively, and it is found that the pointer of the ammeter will move. This experiment shows that the top layer of the cloud (water vapor layer) is positively charged because when the atmospheric pressure of plants on the surface increases, it will produce a lot of oxygen, which will make the ground strap positively charged, and the positively charged molecules will rise to the clouds under the action of strong airflow, and the vapour band in the clouds will be positively charged. In this way, the upper layer of the cloud is positively charged and the lower layer is negatively charged. After continuous condensation, the voltage rises continuously, and the negative electrode of charged cloud flows to the positive electrode, resulting in lightning effect. (Note: If the air pressure in the plastic box does not reach a certain level, the experimental purpose cannot be achieved, and the time for generating lightning is also very short. As we all know, the atmospheric pressure will increase before it rains in summer, and at this time, a large amount of oxygen produced by plants will increase the oxygen content in the atmosphere. In this way, the surface will have a strong positive charge, and the hot air flow on the surface will quickly rise to the upper atmosphere, so the positive charge on the surface will also rise with the air flow. When the cloud comes, it will generate lightning several times in the upper and lower layers of the cloud, and then when the cloud gradually approaches the ground, lightning will be generated between the cloud and the ground. Experiments show that in summer, when plants on the ground are photosynthetic, clouds will produce lightning effect. If plants stop growing and photosynthesis does not occur, there will be no lightning weather. Lightning weather is more common in grasslands and forests, and less in arid areas, which is also one of the reasons for lightning. In short, lightning is the proof that the charge of matter itself moves from one object to another in nature or from one place to another under certain conditions. After the thunderstorm, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greatly reduced and the oxygen content is increased, which is beneficial to plants in addition to helping people breathe fresh air.

8. What genre is the article about the formation of lightning? Lightning exploration and thunder are natural phenomena that people often see, which gives people a shock. It will certainly arouse people's exploration and thinking. Where did lightning come from and how did it come about? 1752, Franklin explored the lightning in the sky with a kite in a thunderstorm day, and learned that the effect of lightning and charge discharge in the laboratory was exactly the same. Researchers all over the world began to explore the formation process of lightning.

The occurrence of natural lightning is often accompanied by cold air and heavy rain, which is closely related to the process of condensation of water vapor into rain. Therefore, we should take this as a clue to explore the internal relationship between water vapor into rain and lightning and reveal the truth of nature. However, due to the preconceived electron cloud theory, people's discussion on the regular movement of electrons outside the nucleus has been hindered and turned into an unsolved mystery. The discussion of lightning also avoids the key clue of phase change and the objective reality, so it is difficult to make substantial progress in exploration. So far, the real reason for the formation of lightning is not clear.

200 years ago, people only knew that friction could produce high voltage electricity, so the previous theory thought that lightning was caused by water vapor friction in clouds, which was full of loopholes. Because there is a huge repulsion between gas molecules, molecules can't touch each other at all, and surfaces can't touch each other at all, so there will be no friction, let alone power generation.

I refuted it ten years ago. Recently, I checked Baidu, and found that "keeping pace with the times" changed the mutual friction of water vapor in the cloud into temperature difference electrification effect and broken electrification effect.

Its essence is friction, but water vapor becomes ice crystals. This avoids my question: even if gas molecules have friction, nitrogen and oxygen in the air are hundreds of times more than water vapor. Why is it that water vapor only generates electricity by friction?

Secondly, the north wind howls in winter, and there are more ice crystals in the clouds in winter. Then, the friction produced in winter is the most severe. Why is there less thunder in winter and frequent thunderstorms in spring and summer? Third, the total charge of clouds is balanced before and after friction, and even if charges are generated, they will not discharge the earth.

Sometimes, avalanches occur in mountainous areas, tons and hundreds of tons of snow roll down, and a large number of ice crystals rub violently, but lightning never happens. From this point of view, the theory that friction produces lightning is untenable. Lightning releases charges between clouds in the sky and the ground or between clouds. To explain thunder and lightning, we must first explore where the charges in the sky come from. As we all know, our earth can hold a lot of charges, and it is a large capacitor. There is also the repulsion of like charges in the earth's capacitance.

So the charges (electrons) in the earth are often repelled to the surface. The charges repelled to the surface are brought into the atmosphere by plants and animals on the ground, and free charges are formed in the atmosphere, so forests and Yuan Ye are always filled with a lot of negative charges (negative ions).

Suspended electrons are the relay of lightning, so people under the tree and in Yuan Ye are easily struck by lightning. Free electrons in the air are easily attracted by water vapor nuclei and become additional components of electrons outside the water vapor nuclei.

This is because in the atmosphere, compared with nitrogen and oxygen, the molecules of water vapor are larger; Compared with carbon dioxide, the number of extranuclear electrons of water vapor is less, and it surrounds three cores (two hydrogen and one oxygen), so the three cores and four electrons of water vapor operate in three dimensions in space, and the outer electron shell is not full, so each water vapor molecule can add extra electrons. Therefore, free electrons in the atmosphere are always absorbed and contained by water vapor and become carriers of negative charges in the atmosphere. It can also be considered that water vapor is a miniature capacitor in the atmosphere (usually our capacitor is often sealed to prevent the charge from being carried away by water vapor).

The greater the humidity of the air, the greater the proportion of water vapor and the more charges it can hold, so it is not easy to form static electricity in wet days. On dry days, there is little water vapor in the atmosphere, and the excess charge has nowhere to go, so it is easy to wander in the environment and gather on objects, and it is easy to form high voltage and electrostatic discharge.

Knowing that water vapor is the carrier of negative charge in the atmosphere, the formation of lightning has a context. With the rise of hot air, water vapor rises into the sky, carrying extra charges into the sky.

When water vapor meets low temperature at high altitude, the valence and electron velocity of water vapor decrease, and it changes from three-dimensional operation to twisted operation. When water vapor condenses, molecules attract each other and get together, forming a phase change from gas to liquid. At the same time, the extra electrons added in the three-dimensional operation of water vapor have no hiding place, water vapor gathers into a cloud, and the extra electrons are squeezed out, forming charges floating in the cloud. The extra charge always tries to squeeze back H2O to grab the seat, forming an unconventional electromagnetic wave-the voltage in the cloud.

Clouds are a collection of water vapor that changes into small water droplets, so a large amount of charges are gathered nearby, which can form high pressure. The potential difference between clouds and between clouds and the earth is huge, which opens a path, and high-voltage charges vibrate through the electrons of surrounding substances in the atmosphere, forming a spectacular lightning phenomenon; At the same time, it also causes the air to vibrate violently, forming rumbling thunder.

To sum up, it is not difficult to see that lightning is a by-product of water vapor changing into rain, and the surface charge is gently carried to the sky by water vapor. During the phase change of water vapor, the charges are squeezed out and gathered into lightning, which violently strikes back at the earth, thus safely circulating around and realizing the circulation of charges between heaven and earth. Lightning and thunder tell us that a lot of water vapor has condensed in the air, which indicates that it may rain.

Dry thunder also happens from time to time, because rain is related to many factors such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and airflow. In winter, the temperature is low, the valence and electron velocity are low, and most of the water vapor in the air condenses into water or ice, so the cold air is dry, with less water vapor and less charge, so there is less thunder in winter.

Another reason is that the charges in the air are not only repelled by the gravity of the earth and similar charges on the surface, but also attracted by the sun. Charge bands usually gather in places on the earth where plants are lush and close to the sun. Due to the angle between the earth's axis and the ecliptic, there are more charges in the northern hemisphere from March to September and the southern hemisphere from September to March, so spring and summer are the seasons with frequent lightning. In order to prove the above theory of lightning formation, we can do a simple experiment: put a capacitor in a closed container and introduce a small amount of water vapor and negative ions into the container at high temperature.

9. How is lightning formed? Lightning is a spectacular and somewhat frightening discharge phenomenon, accompanied by lightning and thunder. Lightning is usually produced in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convection, so it is often accompanied by strong gusts and heavy rains, and sometimes accompanied by hail and tornadoes. The top of cumulonimbus clouds is generally very high, up to 20 kilometers, and there are often ice crystals on the top of the clouds. The attachment of ice crystals, the breaking of water droplets and air convection make clouds generate charges. The distribution of charge in the cloud is complicated, but generally speaking, the upper part of the cloud is dominated by positive charges and the lower part is dominated by negative charges. Therefore, a potential difference is formed between the upper and lower parts of the cloud. When the potential difference reaches a certain level, discharge will occur, which is our common lightning phenomenon. The average current of lightning is 30,000 amps, and the maximum current can reach 300,000 amps. The voltage of lightning is very high, about 1 billion to 1 billion volts. The power of medium-intensity thunderstorm can reach10 million watts, which is equivalent to the output power of a small nuclear power plant. In the process of discharge, due to the sudden increase of temperature during flashover, the air volume expands rapidly, resulting in shock waves and strong lightning. When the charged Lei Yun is close to the protrusions on the ground, a violent discharge will occur between them. There will be strong flash and explosion roar at the scene of lightning discharge. This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear.