Several problems about Emperor Xuanyuan

Yellow Emperor (Yellow Emperor; Huangdi; Mauslleum) and Emperor Yan are also called the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Overview of Huangdi

Huangdi: the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to records, XuanYuanShi (probably TianNianShi in Guoyu), Xiong Shi and Ji Shi are all sons of ShaoDianXiong. Huangdi's mother's name is Fu Bao. Ji is a tribal leader, the legendary Lord of the ancient Chinese nation, and the head of the five emperors. The Yellow Emperor is also honored as the ancestor of Taoism, and has a special position in Taoism. The historical information about the Yellow Emperor is very scarce. The only thing that is credible is that there is such a thing in history: the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun, lived in Xuanyuan Mountain.

Huangdi is the title of Xuanyuan, the legendary ancient emperor. Gongsun was born in the hill of Xuanyuan, so he was called Xuanyuan. It is said that he was born a few days ago and can talk. He was alert as a teenager, honest and capable as a youth, and smart and decisive as an adult. There is a bear in Jianguo (Xinzheng, Henan), also called Xiong Ke. When Chiyou was cruel and heartless, he annexed the princes. At that time, Yan Di Shennong, the main inventor of agriculture and medicine in the world, had declined. The chiefs attacked each other and the war was endless. Life is ruined. Shennong had no choice but to ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor resolutely assumed the responsibility of stabilizing the world. The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu, and the soldiers of both sides were brave and good at fighting. With the help of Li Mu, the Yellow Emperor finally caught Chiyou and punished him, and his ministers honored him as the son of heaven to replace Yan Di and become the master of the world. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor. Soon, there was another riot in the world. Knowing that Chiyou's prestige was still there, the Yellow Emperor drew a statue of Chiyou and hung it everywhere. People all over the world think that Chiyou is not dead, but was surrendered by the Yellow Emperor, and more tribes came to join them. Later, Chiyou was honored as the God of War. Although Emperor Yan was defeated by Chiyou, his strength still exists. He was dissatisfied with the fact that the Yellow Emperor became the master of the world, tried to regain his lost position, and finally rose up and rebelled. Yandi and Huangdi clashed, and the decisive battle was held in the wild of Hanquan. After three fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor won. From then on, the Yellow Emperor finally established his position as the master of the world, and ordered the world that all disobedient tribes would be punished as sons of heaven. The Yellow Emperor was in power for a long time, with strong national strength, political stability and cultural progress. There are many inventions and productions, such as words, music, calendars, palaces, boats, clothes and compasses. According to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Dou are his descendants, so the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor has four concubines and ten concubines. Zheng Fei, Lei Zu of Xiling, personally planted mulberry and raised silkworms, and taught people to spin. He was called "the best silkworm in the world". The second princess is Fang, a famous daughter. Once again, Princess is Tong Yu's surname. The last princess, Mo Mu, was ugly, but virtuous and respected by the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom have surnames. These fourteen people got twelve surnames, namely: "Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Sui (the grass flower is salty under the head, pronounced as" true "), Ren, Xun, Nuo, Yi (pronounced as" Xuan ") and Yi. Every nation has its own legendary era, and the Yellow Emperor is the representative of China's legendary era. People concentrated on him all kinds of advantages and many creations of the ancients. He led the development of Chinese civilization from barbarism to civilization, so he was regarded as the ancestor of mankind. According to the New Chapter of Twenty-five History, the Yellow Emperor may be a real person and the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains during the patriarchal clan system. Through the war, he United the tribes in the Central Plains and did many good deeds, which played an important role in the oral history of the ancients.

The Yellow Emperor is a legendary ancient emperor and an ancient immortal revered by Taoism. Its prototype is probably the head of an emirate of the Chinese nation, because he has made great contributions to the development of this nation and has been praised by future generations for a long time. However, due to the age, most of the rumors left behind are confusing and difficult to know in detail. But by the time hundreds of scholars in the Warring States period talked about the Yellow Emperor, many people had sorted out and compiled those rumors, and finally shaped the image of a generation of emperors. It is said that the Yellow Emperor has a little hall for the son of a bear. He once defeated Emperor Yan in Beiquan and passed Chiyou in Zhuolu. The governors respected him as the son of heaven and replaced Shennong as the Yellow Emperor. Then establish officials, formulate laws and regulations, and order officials to build palaces, make clothes, build ships and cars, legal calendars, characters, arithmetic, music and so on. They have been invented one after another, thus forming a prosperous situation of "fields do not invade the shore, fishing does not dispute, roads are not connected, and cities do not care about their homes". While a hundred schools of thought contend to shape the image of the Yellow Emperor, some ancient books are also shaping the immortal image of the Yellow Emperor. "Shan Hai Jing ·Xi· Shan Jing" says: "It is 420 miles in the northwest, and it is called Aoshan. ..... Among them, there are many white jade, jade paste, and its original boiling soup is delicious for the Yellow Emperor. " In Zhuangzi, there are many stories about the Yellow Emperor's visiting and talking about Taoism. In In Lang, the Yellow Emperor went up the Kongtong Mountain and asked Yu Chengzi, who taught him that "the ears are empty, the head is motionless, and he is self-righteous." To be quiet and clear, it is possible for a woman to live forever without working or shaking her figure. Seeing nothing, hearing nothing and knowing nothing, the goddess will keep her shape, and the shape is immortal. "Xu Wugui" records that the Yellow Emperor went to Juzi Mountain to visit the Great King, and Lu Yu taught the horse-herding boy to rule the world. He said: "if the husband is a man under the sun, he will laugh at people who release their horses abnormally, and he will only hurt his horse!" "The Journey to the West recorded the admonition of the Yellow Emperor, saying," Without thinking, you can only know, do nothing, and you can't get the word. "He also said:" Those who walk for the Tao will lose their days and lose what they have lost, so that they will do nothing. " The article "The Great Master" said: "The way of a husband is affectionate and intangible ... The Yellow Emperor got it to climb into the sky. "The alchemists in the Qin and Han Dynasties even regarded the Yellow Emperor as a model for emperors to become immortals and encouraged Qin Huang and Hanwu to cultivate immortals. Li said to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "The shrine furnace can cause trouble, and cinnabar can be refined into gold. Jin can think that eating utensils can prolong life, and Penglai immortals can be seen in the sea. If you saw it, you wouldn't die. Huangdi also. The palace also fabricated a famous myth that the Yellow Emperor Dinghu ascended to heaven, saying, "The Yellow Emperor learned immortality by fighting, ... and then gained magical power when he was 100 years old." "The Yellow Emperor took the copper from the first mountain and cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. When the tripod was finished, a dragon lowered its beard to welcome the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor rode on horseback, and there were more than 70 ministers in the harem, with dragons on them. Yu Xiaochen couldn't go up, but he knew that he had a Chinese alpine rush in his hand. When he pulled it, it fell and fell into the bow of the Yellow Emperor. People look up to the Yellow Emperor, but they hold his bow and grow his beard, so later generations named it Dinghu and his bow Wu Hao. "It can be said that from the Warring States to the early Han Dynasty, the Yellow Emperor was basically an emperor and an image of a fairy.

In the early days of Taoism, people called it the ecliptic, and regarded Huangdi and Laozi as the founders of Taoism. Zhang Ling founded Wudou Midao, respecting Laozi as the godfather and Huangdi as the ancient immortal. This is to follow. Therefore, Taoist books continue to decorate the Yellow Emperor as an ancient immortal. Ge Hong's "Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter" said: "Huang Lao Xuan Sheng, with profound knowledge and unique opinions, writes secret poems about famous mountains, is taught by immortals, and is tired of dust. Stones and stones can't stand it, and turtles and cranes can't wait." In the same book "Debate and Question", it is boasted that the Yellow Emperor is the only saint who manages the world's Tao since ancient times, saying: "The so-called saints all manage the world's saints, the saints who get the Tao, and the saints who get the Tao are also yellow and old. The sage who manages the world is Kong Zhou.

It is an accidental gift that the Yellow Emperor ruled the world first, and then became immortal. Ji Yan tells the story of Huangdi crossing famous mountains, visiting the truth and finally ascending to heaven.

A little cloud said, "In the past, the emperor was born with a glib tongue, and the lark was gifted, but he still couldn't sit up. So, I went to the palace and got the Dan Sutra. I went to Dinghu Lake and flew to Beads. Get on the board and ask Guangcheng. When I was in the east, I served medium yellow. When I entered the shrine, I consulted my son. Speaking of Taoist practice, I am a mysterious vegetarian woman. I stepped up my pace carefully and visited Shanxi and Limu. Ask the wind when you talk about the situation, and then write about your body. So I can complete this secret, and the road to poverty is real, so I can raise the dragon to a high level, which is extremely beneficial to heaven and earth. " From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, historical records constantly increased the story of the Yellow Emperor becoming immortal. "Taiyi Zazi" said: "The Yellow Emperor went to Emei to see the naive emperor, and worshipped the Jade Hall, saying: Dare you ask what is the trinity? The emperor said: and since you have unified yourself and consulted the Trinity, what is there to resist? ..... If saints want to rule the world, they must first make meritorious deeds to accumulate wealth, gain wisdom, control righteousness with wisdom, send letters with righteousness, rely on the masses, be benevolent with the masses, nurture benevolence with morality, protect education with morality, teach well with politics and customs, ... make a promise at a ceremony, restore their original feelings to Taoism, restore morality to Syria, and live a quiet life. The Biography of the Yellow Emperor imitates the Biography of Emperor Mu of Han Dynasty and the Biography of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and makes up the story of the Western Queen Mother preaching and teaching, saying that "the Queen Mother gave the emperor seven stupid skills. The emperor said: what is seven lewdness? The Queen Mother said: I can't see clearly, my ears are not wise, my mouth is unhappy, my nose is blocked, my hands are unstable, my feet are not straight, and my heart is not true. However, if the mind is not confused, it will be true. If the eyes are not ignorant, they will be clear, and if the ears are not ignorant, they will be spiritual ... That is, knowing that seven obscenities should correspond to one, one obscenity is slightly clear, and all six obscenities are stuffed, then the whole body will be cured and close to death. " He also said, "The Queen Mother drank the pure fruit of the emperor with Bi Xia's pulp, and because she gave the emperor a five-body white jade statue, she said," This is the true meaning of the Buddha from the beginning. He also presented the original picture to Emperor II and returned 19 Dan. The emperor is a gift, placed above lofty ideas, and provides for himself, which is invisible to concubines. Its view often has different colors, and the strange fragrance smells a hundred paces. When people call it a Taoist temple, the numbering of Taoist temples begins. " The Seven Signs of Yun Qi, Volume 3, The Rise of Taoism, also called the Yellow Emperor a biography of Lingbao, saying that "the biography of Lingbao today is the naive emperor granted to Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor in Emei Mountain." In the second year of Tang Xizong Guangming (88 1), Wang Kui sorted out the monastic activities of the Yellow Emperor recorded in various books, and made Travel Notes of the Yellow Emperor, which was a systematic summary of the cultivation of the Yellow Emperor. He said: "The Yellow Emperor takes the world as the principle, but seeks truth and longevity", so he traveled to the mountains and asked, and finally said: "There is a yellow dragon beard." Taoism regards the Yellow Emperor as an ancient immortal, and Tao Hongjing's "True Spirit Industry Map" calls it "Xuanpuzhen Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan", which ranks in the left position under the third Taiji Golden Que Emperor. Taoist priests often write books in the name of the Yellow Emperor. In addition to the ancient medical book Huangdi Neijing, the most famous one is Daozang. There are many books on alchemy of Huangdi, such as alchemy of Huangdi Jiuding Shen Dan Jing; On divination, there are The First Classic of the Yellow Emperor, The Classic of the Golden Chamber and the Classic of the Yellow Emperor's House. Regarding the choice of marrying the auspicious day of the ecliptic, there is a classic that the Yellow Emperor gave three sons to a mysterious woman; There are eight magic tricks of Huangdi Taiyi, the secrets of Huangdi Taiyi and the magic of Huangdi Taiyi's life and death.

In the old days, some areas tried to build Huangdi Temple or Xuanyuan Temple, and most of them were offered as ancient immortals. Shanxi Tongzhi contains many temples of the Yellow Emperor, one of which is that "in Quwo County, the Ming Dynasty dug up ancient monuments, ... and its yin praised:' Morality is lofty, music and education are resolved, and it is as long as heaven and earth, and it is endless.' Because of the temple. There are also Huangdi temples in Henan, Shaanxi and other places. Henan Tongzhi said: "There are two Huangdi temples, one in the west of Yiyang County and the other in the southeast of Ganxiang County. According to legend, Xuanyuan Huangdi cast a tripod here, so this temple was built. " AK Taoist Temple includes Huangdi Temple and Xuanyuan Temple. For example, the Changdao Temple in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan, has both the Sanhuang Temple dedicated to Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi and the Xuanyuan Temple dedicated to Huangdi.

The legend of the Yellow Emperor is 300 years old. I heard about it from Yi Rong and asked Confucius, but Confucius didn't believe me. His answer was that Huang Di was born and the people benefited for a hundred years, and Huang Di died and the people benefited for a hundred years, so it was said that it was three hundred years. (Dai Dai. Volume 7. In fact, the Yellow Emperor is also a tribal alliance. According to the Preface to the Life Calendar in the Spring and Autumn Period, a * * * was passed to 10 generation, 1520 (the same number of years in Iraq), and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor were named Zhu.

birthplace

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". It is generally believed that Xuanyuan Mountain is located in Xuanyuan Mountain, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, which has been widely recognized by academic circles. In ancient times, it was the capital of Xiongguo, and its father was the monarch of Xiongguo, but some people thought it was somewhere else.

Legend 1. The Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of the second lunar month in China's northwest loess plateau in the Longjiangguan Gorge. According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. One evening (or night), she suddenly saw the Northern Lights, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor.

Legend 2. Before 4856 BC, there was a dragon totem country in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng, Henan Province. The monarch is called Shaodian. He is the 77th emperor of Fuxi Emperor and Nuwa Emperor. His wife has two wives, one is Ren Xian (female Deng) and the other is Deng. They are sisters and daughters of the Xi family. In today's palace in Xuanyuanqiu, Beiguan, xinzheng city, the baby breathed the gas of nature as soon as he was born, and let out a cry of "Wow". This statement has been unanimously recognized by most experts, including China Ancient Capital Society.

Legend 3: The Yellow Emperor was born in Qufu City, Shandong Province. According to ancient records, "Huangdi was born in Shouqiu", "Shouqiu is north of Dongdaemun in Shandong Province", and Shouqiu is located in the east of the old county, four kilometers east of Qufu. Zhao Hengzun took the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of Zhao, ordered Qufu County to be changed into a county, and built Jingling Palace and Taiji Hall in Shouqiu, Qufu for sacrifice. Jingling Palace complex is huge, with 1, 320 halls, halls, pavilions, covering an area of 1, 800 mu, more than three times that of Confucius Temple in Qufu today. It was the temple with the highest etiquette at that time. After Kublai Khan entered the Central Plains in the Yuan Dynasty, he respected the Yellow Emperor, ordered the restoration of Jingling Palace, and allowed Han people to worship the Yellow Emperor. Jingling Palace was destroyed in the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty. To the north is the famous Shao Hao Mausoleum, known as the Chinese Pyramid. At present, Qufu City is rebuilding Jingling Palace and Huangdi City to clear the name of Huangdi. Invite the Huangling government of Shaanxi Province to pay homage to the Yellow Emperor and announce to the society that the hometown of Confucius, a generation of cultural masters, is also the hometown of the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Huangdi's Birthday On the second day of the second lunar month, it is the Zhonghe Festival (also called Dragon Head Lift Festival), the legendary birthday of Huangdi, and a festival for China people. The Zhonghe Festival was formulated by Tang Dezong Shili in the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), also known as the February 2nd of the Dragon's Rise.

Mausoleum (Huangdi Mausoleum)

There are tombs of the Yellow Emperor in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi and Lingbao, Henan. According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor was old, he cast a tripod, and Lapras ascended to heaven. The courtiers put an arrow to stop him, and the dragon was shot and injured. When he flew over the bridge country, he dropped a boot and buried it here.

According to legend, Huangdi Mausoleum is the graveyard of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is located at the top of Qiaoshan Mountain in northern huangling county.

The Huangdi Mausoleum is about 4 square kilometers, surrounded by mountains and rivers and lush trees. When tourists arrive at the top of Qiaoshan Mountain, they first see a stone tablet standing on the road, which reads "Hundreds of civil and military officials dismounted here". There is a memorial pavilion in front of the mausoleum, and a tall stone tablet stands in the center of the pavilion, engraved with the three Chinese characters "Huangdi Mausoleum". There is also a stone tablet behind the pavilion, which reads "Dragon on the Bridge Hill". Then there is the Huangdi Mausoleum, which is located in the middle of the top of the mountain and faces south. The mausoleum is about 4 meters high and 50 meters in circumference. There is a 20-meter-high platform 40 meters in front of the mausoleum, and the words "Hanwu Sendai" are written on the stone tablet next to it, which was built in BC 1 10 when Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, returned from his northern tour to pay homage to the Yellow Emperor and pray for the gods.

There are still some buildings, ancient cypresses, stone tablets and other cultural relics in Xuanyuan Temple under Huangling, and there is a huge cypress tree on the left. According to legend, this cypress was planted by the Yellow Emperor himself, so it is called "the Yellow Emperor planted cypress", which has a history of more than 4,000 years. The hall is resplendent and magnificent, and a large plaque with the words "ancestor of mankind" is hung on the forehead. There is a magnificent memorial tablet of the Yellow Emperor in the center of the main hall, and there are some exhibits under the surrounding temple wall.

Everyone in China is proud to be a descendant of the Chinese people. The Yellow Emperor is revered as the common ancestor of all ethnic groups in China.

According to legend, the Yellow Emperor surnamed Gongsun was born in the hill of Xuanyuan, hence the name Xuanyuan. He grew up in Jishui, so he took Ji as his surname. Later, he established a country in Xiong You, so he was also called a master. He regards soil as king and soil as yellow, so he is called the Yellow Emperor. Huangdi is a legend in ancient history, and the most wonderful story about him is the war between Huangdi and Yandi and Chiyou. In the end, the Yellow Emperor won the victory and was acclaimed as the leader of the tribal alliance by all tribes. During the period of the Yellow Emperor, sericulture, boating, writing, temperament, medicine and arithmetic were all invented first and then developed. His contribution has been praised by later generations, and he is known as China's "ancestor of humanity".

There are many places in the country that are said to be related to the Yellow Emperor, and there are also many tombs of the Yellow Emperor. However, the Huangdi Mausoleum and Huangdi Temple in Lingxian County, Shaanxi Province have gradually become the center of people's worship of Huangdi. "Historical Records" said that "the Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiao Shan." The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is hidden among towering cypresses, solemn and deep. The word "Jade Dragon on the Bridge" stands in front of Yuling. Here's another story. "Historical Records of Zen" said that the Yellow Emperor collected copper from Shoushan and cast a tripod on the bank of Jingshan Lake. At this time, there is a dragon lower bound, and the beard hangs down to welcome the Yellow Emperor to heaven. When the Yellow Emperor walked behind the dragon, many ministers and maids climbed up. Those who didn't get up grabbed the dragon beard, and as a result, the dragon beard was pulled out and a bow of the Yellow Emperor was shaken down. In this way, this place is called Dinghu Lake, the Yellow Emperor in heaven is called Dinghu Dragon, and the falling bow is called Wu Hao. There is a poem that says, "In those days, the dragon beard had no plan to climb, but today the bridge and mountain scenery are clearer."

Although the Yellow Emperor is a legend, all Chinese descendants have regarded him as the ancestor of Chinese civilization since ancient times.

Huangdi Mausoleum is located in huangling county, south of Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province. It is the location of the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is a famous tourist resort with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was born in Xinzheng, Henan, died in Jingshan, Henan and was buried in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi. Qiao Shan is located at 1 km north of huangling county. The mausoleum is located at the top of Qiao Shan, surrounded by winding water and mountains, with towering cypresses. There is a road leading to the top of the mountain and to the grave. On the top of the mountain stands a stone tablet called Dismounting Stone, which reads "Hundreds of officials of civil and military forces dismount here". In ancient times, anyone who offered sacrifices to the mausoleum had to dismount here and walk to the front of the mausoleum. There is a sacrificial pavilion in front of the mausoleum, on which there is a tall stone tablet with Guo Moruo's title "Huangdi Mausoleum" in three Chinese characters. There is also a stone tablet behind the pavilion, which reads "Bridge Mountain Dragon Double". Huangdi Mausoleum is located in the center of the platform at the top of the mountain. The mausoleum is 3.6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference, surrounded by brick flowers. Surrounded by forests of cypresses, it is quiet and deep. Successive governments have attached great importance to the protection of Huangling Cooper. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all had instructions or general orders to protect Huangling. According to huangling county's records, Berlin, Qiao Shan is about 4 square kilometers with more than 63,000 plants. The cypress king in Xuanyuan Temple has a Xuanyuan Temple at the foot of Qiaoshan Mountain. Xuanyuan Temple covers an area of about 10 mu. There are 14 cypress trees in the yard, and there is a cypress tree on the right. The thick branches are coiled in the air like a dragon, and some roots are exposed on the ground. Its leaves are enduring all year round, dense, like a huge green umbrella, which is said to have been planted by Xuanyuan family for more than 5 thousand years. There is a stele building beside the tree, which is embedded with stone tablets. It says, "This cypress is 58 feet high, with a lower circumference of 3 1 foot, a middle circumference of 3 19 feet and an upper circumference of 6 feet, which is the highest among cypresses. Wei Xiang worked for Xuanyuan Huangdi, and that was five years ago. As the saying goes,' the seventh floor is eight and a half feet, not counting', which refers to this cypress tree. " It is said that this tree was re-measured not long ago, and its lower circumference has reached 30 square feet. It is planted artificially. This cypress is the largest plant in China at present, and is known as the "king of cypress". In the courtyard of the temple, there are 46 inscriptions and memorial stones for the reconstruction of Xuanyuan Temple in past dynasties. The last side of the temple is the main hall, on which is hung a gold plaque of "the ancestor of mankind", and in the middle of the hall is a memorial tablet that reads "the position of Xuanyuan Huangdi". It is said that there are seven Mausoleums of the Yellow Emperor in China, and there are Mausoleums of the Yellow Emperor in Gansu, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places, but only Huangling in Qiao Shan is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government attached great importance to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Bao Fang, repaired and expanded roads many times, and built more cultural relics showrooms and service facilities. Every year, more and more people come here to visit and visit the Huangdi Mausoleum.

The imperial concubine's child

Legend has it that the first princess of the Yellow Emperor was Lei Zu, and the second princess belonged to Lei Fang, Tong Yu and Mo Mu. The Yellow Emperor has four concubines and ten concubines. Zheng Fei, Lei Zu of Xiling, personally planted mulberry and raised silkworms, and taught people to spin. He was called "the best silkworm in the world". The second princess is Fang, a famous daughter. Once again, Princess is Tong Yu's surname. The last princess, Mo Mu, was ugly, but virtuous and respected by the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, fourteen of whom have surnames. These fourteen people * * * got twelve surnames, namely: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Xian (pronounced as "true" after salty flowers), Ren, Xun, Nuo, Yi and Yi.

According to Historical Records, "Twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen people have their surnames." The monarchs of Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

Later generations gradually deified the Yellow Emperor. In Zhuangzi, it is mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became immortal. The Yellow Emperor in Biography of Immortals can also exorcise immortals.

Legend of Huangdi and Concubine Room

Legend has it that one spring, a young girl met the Yellow Emperor while raising silkworms in a mulberry field. The Yellow Emperor saw her wearing a golden coat with soft yellow light and a pile of cocoons on the ground. The Yellow Emperor asked the girl what she was wearing, and the girl said the truth of planting mulberry, raising silkworms and weaving silk. Hearing this, the Yellow Emperor remembered that people still lived a life of wearing leaves in summer and fur coats in winter, and were naked all year round. He thinks this is a great invention, which can make people wear clothes to keep out the cold. He married this girl and asked her to teach Guan Bai and the people the techniques of raising mulberry and sericulture. This girl is Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, in her thirties.

After the Yellow Emperor made Lei Zu a princess, Lei Zu organized a large number of women to raise mulberry, sericulture and silk weaving. But soon I met a big problem. I raised a lot of silkworms and got a lot of cocoons, but it was difficult to spit silk. At this time, a short, dark and ugly woman in the group invented the silk spinning car and loom. When the Yellow Emperor learned this, he praised the invention and asked her to teach people skills. Later, with the help of Lei Zu, the Yellow Emperor married an ugly girl. As a second princess, the second princess was honored as Mo Mu by later generations.

Myths and legends

Legend about the Yellow Emperor: It is said that he was born for dozens of days and can speak. He was alert as a teenager, honest and capable as a youth, and smart and decisive as an adult. There was a bear in Jianguo (now Xinzheng, Henan), also called Xiong Ke. When Chiyou was cruel and heartless, he annexed the princes. At that time, Emperor Yan, who invented farming and medicine in the world, had declined. The chiefs attacked each other, and the war continued, causing endless pain. Emperor Yan had no choice but to ask the Yellow Emperor for help. The Yellow Emperor resolutely assumed the responsibility of stabilizing the world. The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu, and the soldiers of both sides were brave and good at fighting. With the help of generals Hou Feng and Li Mu, the Yellow Emperor finally caught Chiyou and punished him, and his ministers addressed him as the son of heaven, replacing Yan Di as the master of the world. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor.

Soon, there was another riot in the world. Knowing that Chiyou's prestige was still there, the Yellow Emperor drew a statue of Chiyou and hung it everywhere. People all over the world think that Chiyou is not dead, but was surrendered by the Yellow Emperor, and more tribes came to join them. Later, Chiyou was honored as the God of War.

Although Emperor Yan was defeated by Chiyou, his strength still exists. He was dissatisfied with the fact that the Yellow Emperor became the master of the world, tried to regain his lost position, and finally rose up and rebelled. Yandi and Huangdi clashed, and the decisive battle was held in the wild of Hanquan. After three fierce battles, the Yellow Emperor won. Since then, the Yellow Emperor's position as the master of the world has finally been established. As the son of heaven, he ordered the world to crack down on any disobedient tribe.

Huangdi, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan (Zhou), was born in matriarchal clan society. Mother's name is attached treasure, uploaded according to history books; On the second day of the second lunar month, Huangdi was born in Qushui River (now Qushui River in huangling county), Juyuan Guanlongxia, and on the second day, he was born in Shouqiu, Qufu (now four kilometers east of Qufu). Since then, there has been an auspicious saying that the dragon looks up in February. Sima Qian described the Yellow Emperor in Historical Records as follows: "Born as a god, weak but able to speak, young but unbiased, long and sensitive, and wise." It can be seen that the Yellow Emperor was not an ordinary person from birth to growth. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, he was acclaimed by the people as the leader of Tam in Xuanyuan, and became the Emperor of Heaven at the age of 37. The great contribution of the Yellow Emperor's life lies in that after 53 wars, he defeated Wan Yu, surrendered to Yan Di, punished Wan Yu and surrendered to Yan Di, thus killing him, ending the war, unifying the three tribes, bidding farewell to barbarism, and establishing the best in the world. Human civilization began from now on. Therefore, all the people in the world later called Xuanyuan Huangdi "the ancestor of mankind" and "the ancestor of civilization". Last name is gongsun. For the ancient emperors. It's the bear's son's outpost.

According to legend, Xuanyuan Huangdi's mother's name is Fu Bao. Legend has it that one night, Fu Bao saw an electric light around the Big Dipper. Immediately, the pivot star fell, and Fu Bao became pregnant through this induction. After 24 months of pregnancy, she gave birth to a child, the child is the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor became a perverted god as soon as he was born. Not long after birth, I can speak. At the age of 15, I have done everything. Later, he succeeded to the throne with the bear. Because he invented the mysterious face, he called it Xuanyuan. It is also called the Yellow Emperor because it takes Tude as the king and the soil color is yellow.

According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor ascended the throne, there were 18 Chiyou brothers who claimed to be descendants of God. This 18 people are all animals' faces, with bronze heads and iron forehead, no grains, and only eat river stones. They disobeyed the orders of the Yellow Emperor, mutilated Li Shu and killed innocent people. He also made a big crossbow with a stick and a knife, which was an enemy of the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor obeyed the people's will, and gathered all the princes and soldiers to crusade against Chiyou. 15 Ten days later, I failed to defeat Chiyou and had to retreat. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor was worried, and he hoped that Tessa would help him destroy Chiyou day and night. One night, he dreamed that the wind blew away the dust in the world. Then I dreamed that a man was driving tens of thousands of sheep with a crossbow. After waking up, I felt very strange. Focus on meditation, wind and eyes; Soil is soil solution. Is there anyone named after Fengming in the world? The crossbow of the Millennium is the hope of driving thousands of sheep, and the shepherd is good. Can't there be a person named Li Ming Shepard? So he sent his people to visit these two people all over the world. As a result, after finding the wind in the corner of the sea, I found Limu in Zebian. The Yellow Emperor began to attack Chiyou on a large scale, taking the wind behind him as the phase and grazing as the general. In Zhuolu country, the two armies were at war. Chiyou laid a hundred miles of fog for three days and three nights, which made the soldiers confused. Huangdi ordered the wind to build a south guide car. At the same time, the Queen Mother of the West also sent Xuan Nv to teach him the tactics of Mia and tone-deaf. After the wind, the method of hiding armor evolved. In the evening, the war in Jizhou rekindled. Under the guidance of Chiyou, Chiyou invited Feng Bo, the rain god, and ordered Ying Long to store water to attack the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor invited all the women in the world to the east to shelter from the rain, while Li Qiangbing in the north corner drove Ying Long to the South Pole. In the end, Chiyou was killed and buried in four places, so that the body could not be collected.

Later, after Shennong, Yugang and Huangdi competed for the world. The Yellow Emperor took the bird of the week and the trembling of the eagle as the flag, the bear, the black tiger and the leopard as the forerunner, and fought against Yugang in the wild of Banquan. After World War III, he defeated Yu Gang. Later, he personally led the military forces and conquered the princes who refused to take the big clothes. After World War 52, the world was unified. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor divided the country into wild areas and made rituals to entertain and educate the people. At the same time, various household appliances were invented. Among them, Minister Cao Hu made a coat, a coat and a pair of shoes. People no longer wear skins and bark. The Yellow Emperor also made a boat according to the principle that floating leaves float on the water, and drums accompanied the boat to walk on the water. According to the principle of turning over the canopy, the automobile assistance was invented, which facilitated the traffic. Yong Huang's father invented spring, and then the Yellow Emperor made a cauldron so that people could steam rice and cook porridge. Later, houses and cities were built so that people stopped building nests in caves. The Yellow Emperor also used Qi Bo as internal and external meridians, which cured the people's diseases. He also determined the names of everything in the world and divided the stars into 28 nights. Party A and Party B mark the day for ten days, the ugly son marks the moon for twelve days, and a son is sixty years. So there is the concept of time and space. According to the history books, people at that time "had the desire to eat, the beauty of clothes, the pleasure of vulgarity, and the right place to live." A scene of peace.

One day, the Yellow Emperor was on the Luoshui River, enjoying the scenery with his ministers. Suddenly I saw a big horse with a side map in its mouth and put it in front of him. The yellow emperor quickly bowed down. Look at this bird. It is shaped like a crane, the head of a chicken, the mouth of a swallow, the neck of a turtle, a dragon, parallel wings and the tail of a fish. The characters in the picture are virtuous, benevolent and benevolent. The Yellow Emperor had never seen this bird before, so he went to ask God for help. God told him that the male bird of this bird is called Phoenix, and the female bird is called Phoenix. It is called Chen Deng in the morning, Shangxiang in the daytime, Guichang in the evening and Changbao in the evening. When the phoenix comes out, it means that the world is at peace. This is a sign of good luck. Later, the Yellow Emperor dreamed that two dragons came out of the Yellow River and presented them with a white picture. Huang Di was puzzled and asked Tian Lao again. The old man replied that this was a precursor to the publication of the Book of Hutuluo. So the Yellow Emperor swam between Heluo and Tianlao, drowned in the river, killed three animals and fasted. It was foggy for three days at first. Then it rained heavily for seven days and nights. Then Huanglong came out of the river with a painting, and the Yellow Emperor knelt down and took it. I saw five colors on the picture, white with blue leaves and Zhu Wen, which is the book of Hutuluo. So the Yellow Emperor began to travel around the world and worship Mount Tai. He heard that there was a fairy named Guang in the cave, so he went to ask him for advice. Guang yue said, "since you rule the world, the clouds don't gather gas, but rain, and the plants are withered." The sun and the moon are competing for glory, and the shortage is getting worse. " Who are you to talk to me about enlightenment? "After the Yellow Emperor came back, he stopped asking about politics. Self-built a small house with a summer mat, and a person reflected in it for three months. Then ask around. At that time, Guangtou was lying facing south, and the Yellow Emperor knelt in front of him and asked him how to live forever. However, it is widely said that it is very good here! " Then tell him the essence of the supreme Tao: "the essence of the supreme Tao, whispering, the supreme Tao, faint and silent." "Never mind, listen, keep silent. The shape will be self-correcting, quiet and clear; No makeup, no makeup, you can live forever. " I can't see anything, I can't hear anything and I don't know anything in my heart. Only in this way can I have eternal life. "Since then, widely sent him a roll of the natural classics.

After the Yellow Emperor asked about Guang, he went to the mountain again, so he had to bring the "Dan Jing". Ask Xuan Nv and Motome for ways to keep in good health. Then, he returned to Jinyuntang to practice. He collected the bronze of the first mountain and cast Jiuding at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. As soon as the tripod was cast, a long bearded dragon floated down to welcome the Yellow Emperor into the fairyland. The Yellow Emperor immediately rode on the dragon and soared away. Several junior ministers also wanted to live forever with him, so they quickly caught the dragon beard. As a result, the dragon beard was broken and these little ministers fell to the ground again. It is said that those dragon whiskers changed the asparagus. "

Historical significance

The Yellow Emperor was in power for a long time, with strong national strength, political stability and cultural progress. There are many inventions and productions, such as words, music, calendars, palaces, boats, clothes and compasses. According to legend, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Dou are his descendants, so the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation.

The Yellow Emperor and Yandi are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".