What do you mean by five rumors?

Unfounded words (especially those discussed, evaluated, slandered or provoked behind the scenes).

1, five free words, Bai Juyi in the third Tang Dynasty

Giving you a gift will definitely make you suspicious, so I wish you luck. It takes three days to test this jade and seven years to identify the materials. Duke Zhou was afraid of rumors, and Wang Mang was humble and died. Who knows if his life is true or not?

2. Explanation of words.

(1) Freedom of speech: unbridled and unconstrained. (2) Jun: You, here refers to the author's good friend Yuan Zhen. (3) Method: Method. (4) decision: decision. (5) Suspicion: indecision.

(6) shρ: Ancient people used divination because of superstition. After getting into the turtle shell, they look at the cracks in the turtle shell to predict good luck or bad luck, or luck.

Whether the stem of grass is good or bad is used for divination. This refers to asking someone to read divination. It is a perennial herb. The whole grass can be used as medicine, and the stems and leaves can be used as medicine. (7) Trial: testing. (8) discrimination: discrimination. (9) Material: wood, here refers to sleepers and camphor trees. ( 10

(1 1) Duke of Zhou: Ji Dan, the younger brother and the uncle of the king. After his death, some people suspected that he had the ambition to usurp power, but Li didn't.

History has proved that he is loyal to becoming king.

(12) Wang Mang: nephew of Emperor Han Yuan. At the end of the Han Dynasty, he pretended to be humble and once puzzled many people. the Book of the Han Dynasty

According to records, his "higher title made him more modest". Later, Wang Mang usurped Han independence, and history revealed his hypocritical face.

(13)Cunàn: usurping the throne, courtiers seized the power of the monarch.

Item (14): before, before. Make: If, if, if. (15) just.

(16) Reply: Again.

3. Poetry appreciation.

I'll give you a way to dispel your doubts. In this way, you don't need tortoise shells or yarrow stems to predict good or bad luck. It takes three days to identify the authenticity of jade and seven years to identify the wood. On the day when Duke Zhou was afraid of gossip, Wang Mang was respectful before usurping the throne. If these two people die, who will know the truth of their lives?

This is a reasonable and interesting poem written by the richest man. It tells a truth in very popular language: to fully understand people and things, we must pass the test of time, measure and judge from the whole history, and we can't draw a conclusion based on the phenomenon of one thing at a time, otherwise we will regard Duke Zhou as a usurper and Wang Mang as a humble gentleman.

The poet said that people who have been framed like himself and his friend Yuan Zhen can stand the test of time, so take care. When the "jade test" and "material identification" fail, the facts will naturally be clarified and the authenticity will be distinguished. This is his summary of his experience in the form of poetry.

At the beginning of the poem, "Give a gentleman a suspicious method" is to tell people a suspicious method. The word "give" is used to emphasize the preciousness of the method. You don't have to drill a turtle to enjoy it. Say what you don't need and use first, but don't say it directly. This makes this poem tortuous, turbulent and more attractive to readers.

The second and third sentences in the poem euphemistically introduce this method: "It takes three days to examine jade, and seven years to distinguish materials." Only after a certain period of observation and comparison will the true colors of things finally emerge.

The above explains the correctness of this method from the front, and then the poet turns the pen and explains from the back: "Duke Zhou is afraid of rumors, and Wang Mang is humble when he does not usurp the throne." If you don't use this method to identify things, you often can't make an accurate judgment. The evaluation of Duke Zhou and Wang Mang is an example. During the period when Duke Zhou helped him become a king, some people suspected that he had the ambition to usurp power, but history proved his sincerity in becoming a king. Hanshu said that he was "more respectful in title and more modest in moral integrity", but history has proved that his "modesty" is false, and his true face represents the self-reliance of the Han Dynasty.

"Shi Xiang died at the beginning. Who knows the truth of his life?" This is the key sentence of the whole article. The purpose of "never being suspicious" is to distinguish the true from the false. Distinguish the truth, and the suspicion will naturally disappear. If you come to a conclusion too early and don't need time to test it, it will be easy to be blinded by temporary superficial phenomena, confuse the true and the false, and wronged the good people.

The meaning of the poem is clear, but the language is tortuous and euphemistic. The method of "doubt" is not directly revealed from the front and back. The former cited two examples of "testing jade" and "distinguishing materials", while the latter cited two examples of Duke Zhou and Wang Mang to make readers think. These examples are both arguments and arguments. They are philosophical in image and concrete things.