Alcohol and tobacco culture

Cigarettes Culture and Cultural Cigarettes

I perceive cigarette culture through personal experience rather than reading. Growth makes a person gain knowledge about life, but at the same time he is tempted by absurdity and decadence. Cigarettes belong to this kind of thing, which is associated with death and disease, but full of mysterious beauty. There is a word in English called "decadence", which literally means "decadence" or "depravity", but it is not accurate. Its meaning contains a passion, an aesthetic rebellion, although it may be unhealthy.

However, people's feelings were not clear before, and the excuse of smoking was often rudeness or indecision. It is not until a culture is presented and explained by cigarettes that smoking is endowed with postmodern symbols: people smoking for beauty, emotion or coolness is often not a physiological requirement, but a need of image, scene and posture.

When I was teaching in America, I became friends with Andre, the French teacher in the department. He is a strange Frenchman, neurotic and loves the East. Of course, he was a heavy smoker and was the closest friend of Irish drama master Beckett when he was in Paris in his later years. Later, after Beckett died, Andre wrote a memoir about an old friend, which turned out to be a best seller, so he was invited to be interviewed on France's most famous TV 2 book review program. As an eccentric, he doesn't intend to obey the rules. He wore a long wool scarf in the studio at room temperature and publicly lit his favorite Gaul cigarette after the conversation began, which surprised the host. The effect of that cigarette was very successful, which immediately made Andre an impressive French writer. His cigarettes played the role of props and made great contributions to his conquest of mass media.

When I read the book Cigarettes written by Richard Klein about French Gaul cigarettes, my first thought was Andre, who was eccentric. I once shared a cigarette and a glass of red wine with him, because he was allergic to pollen at that time, and his wife wouldn't let him drink and smoke.

Two years later, smoking was banned throughout the United States, and I went to France once. In the cafes on the streets of Paris, I saw beautiful women sitting lazily, with cigarettes between their slender fingers, and smoke floating on their beautiful faces, full of mystery. The man sitting opposite them looked at the cups of white water in front of him, and his clean-shaven face was full of dignified expressions. None of them smoke. This kind of scene was unimaginable twenty years ago. I think this is the change of culture and culture.

The author of Cigarettes is obviously very familiar with this change. He tried to give cigarettes a fascinating historical position in the post-modern scene. To this end, he dabbled in a lot of literature, philosophy, history and politics, from Sartre to Hemingway, from Bizet's opera to Hollywood movies, and recovered the due dignity for human smoking behavior. Perhaps because of his beautiful and complicated writing style, or perhaps because of the instinctive mourning of human beings for things that are about to disappear, in short, even in the United States, where the anti-smoking movement is booming, his book still won the praise of critics.

In the author's opinion, it is ineffective to oppose smoking on the grounds of health. Now that it has become a culture, it will exist or die according to the general cultural laws, and sometimes unexpected consequences will appear. For example, the rise of the anti-smoking movement in the United States not only stimulated the export of cigarettes, but also caused the fashion of cigars, although cigars are far more harmful to health than cigarettes.

Three years ago, when Beijing passed the first smoking ban in public places, Yang Dongping, Cui Yongyuan, Zheng Yefu and Yin Hui and I planned a "Tell the truth" program to discuss the topic of "smoking". The original intention was to draw people's attention to the harm of smoking, but the audience was conquered by the interesting experience and self-deprecating attitude of smokers. As the author of Cigarettes said, smoking is just a process of quitting smoking, which is neither better nor worse than never smoking. This is just one of many lifestyles. /yjwh/ArticleShow.asp？ ArticleID=444

A detailed introduction to tobacco culture

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China wine history

China ancient wine vessels and wine culture.

Hello, friends! Today, I am very glad to have the opportunity to talk with you about the topic of "China ancient wine vessels and wine culture".

When it comes to ancient wine vessels and wine culture in China, the first topic involves the invention of wine. Probably everyone is very concerned, that is to say, when was the ancient wine invented in China? Then you can have wine only if you have wine. Without wine, there is no wine, and there is no wine culture. So the first question to discuss with friends is to trace back to the source. Let's study, or discuss, the invention of China ancient wine. This problem involves three small problems, one is about the invention of wine, and the other is about the types of wine. What's more, after our archaeological discovery, there is such an empirical thing about the invention of wine. So now, regarding the invention of wine, the first question that everyone cares about is the age. When did you start to invent wine? Who invented wine? Now there are several theories. One is the method of making wine by apes, saying that wine is not man-made, but made by apes. This statement sounds a bit naive and seems to be excluded from our topic because it does not belong to a human behavior; The second way of saying this is that Yidi makes wine. Yidi was born in Xia Dynasty, and it is said that it was in Dayu period. There is also a saying that Du Kang makes wine. Du Kang's wine-making has also been legendary since the Han Dynasty, and it is called "Shao Kang's wine-making". Shao Kang is Du Kang. Cao Cao, whom we are all familiar with, has a poem that says, "Du Kang alone can solve our worries." There is nothing to worry about after drinking Du Kang, which shows that the ancients used Du Kang as the wine name a long time ago.

From now on, it is said that the ancient wine in China has a history of thousands of years, so there should be no problem. So I'll tell you some archaeological evidence, which should probably be more credible. On the one hand, it is about wine. Since there is wine, there should be wine. What can you drink? Then there is the wine set, and whatever you use is also the wine set. The first one is the genuine wine. Now we have found the true meaning of wine. There are several examples. First, wine from the Warring States period was unearthed from the tomb of King Zhongshan in Hebei Province. After identification by scientists, it was confirmed that it was indeed wine. This is what we saw. As early as the Warring States Period, in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, there were clear records about wine. Oracle Bone Inscriptions asked, even when divination, can you offer wine to your ancestors? Ask the gods to answer: you can sacrifice. They brought a lot of wine to sacrifice, which is conclusive evidence. In other words, there was wine in the Shang Dynasty.

The object we are seeing now is actually a pottery hundreds of years earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Archaeology calls it "Erlitou culture" and historians call it "Xia Dynasty culture". This is a wine container. Everyone must have seen it. This utensil is very similar to the word "wine" in the bronze inscription of Shang Dynasty just now. From now on, China ancient wine may have a history of six or seven thousand years, which should be relatively certain.

Well, now the second little question is about the kind of wine. How many kinds of wine were there in ancient times? As we said, there are white wine, wine and rice wine. The first invention should be rice wine, which is made of grain. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, these wines are mainly yellow wine, which is relatively peaceful and not as strong as white wine, so it may be easier for everyone to drink. This was also determined by the production technology at that time.

We have seen stills of the Han Dynasty in archaeological discoveries. What we are seeing now is a bronze ware picked up from the scrap copper pile by Shanghai Museum. This bronze ware was tested by Shanghai Museum and used to make distilled liquor, and the yield was quite high. In other words, in the Han dynasty, there were already some technical equipment for brewing wine. If you have any questions about this, please look at a still pot in Jin Dynasty. This is a still from A Jin period unearthed in Qinglong County, Hebei Province. It has a kettle at the bottom and a distillation tank at the top. Add water below, put rice on top, and the fermented rice can steam out white wine.

So, what did we ancient people drink with? What do you use for wine? With what warm wine? This is a simple one. You can have a look. This painting is a mural of the Tang Dynasty. The maid is holding a plate with a golden cup in it, so this is a set of wine. This is the Xia Dynasty wine vessel, Xia Dynasty wine vessel and bronze ware. This time is the earliest, and we know the earliest now. This is an elephant statue, an elephant statue of the Shang Dynasty. A hole was dug in its back, and the wine was poured in from here, and then passed through its head and nose.

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