Summary of knowledge points in compulsory part of high school history

Summary of knowledge points in compulsory part of high school history

History requires our systematic memory, so do you have a complete grasp of relevant knowledge points? The following is a summary of the knowledge points I recommended to you as a compulsory part of high school history, hoping to bring you help.

Summary of knowledge points as a compulsory part of the first unit of high school history political system in ancient China

The Political System of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

1, the content of Xia and Shang political system:

Central Committee: 1 The hereditary system of the throne replaces the abdication system; Ministers involved in decision-making, fortune tellers responsible for offering sacrifices and recording the history of major events in dynasties, and teachers in charge of military power.

Location: Hou Bo.

The influence of Xia-Shang political system: The political system in the early Xia-Shang period had a direct influence on the patriarchal clan system and the enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

2. The enfeoffment of the Western Zhou Dynasty: 1 Obligations of enfeoffment of vassal states: guarding the territory, accompanying the war, paying tribute and making pilgrimage reports.

2. Influence: positive influence: strengthening Zhou's local rule; Formed a pair of stars for Zhou Yu.

Moon-like political structure

Negative effects: the kingship was weak in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and disputes among countries continued during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Results: The enfeoffment system was destroyed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family lost the right to enfeoffment.

3. The patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty;

1 content: maintain the political hierarchy with paternal blood and consolidate the national political system.

2 characteristics: the eldest son inheritance system

Influence: ensuring the monopoly and privileged position of the nobility is conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

The second lesson is the formation of centralization in Qin Dynasty.

1, the formation of centralization:

Features: one person is the only one; Imperial power is supreme; Succession to the throne

Evaluation: It marks the establishment of centralized feudal autocracy.

Form the form of central vertical management of local areas, and bureaucratic politics replaces the important symbol of aristocratic politics.

2. The basic feature of centralization: the power is highly centralized.

3, the role and influence of centralized system:

Positive effects: 1 strengthened the strength of Qin State, expanded its territory through war, and formed the first unified multi-ethnic country in the history of China.

That feudal country became a world power at that time.

2 enable Qin Nengyi to implement various measures to consolidate and unify.

It laid the basic pattern of China's feudal social and political system for more than 2,000 years, which was followed by feudal dynasties.

Use, and constantly strengthen and improve.

Negative effects: relying on the autocratic authority of the emperor, strengthening the oppression of the people, leading to the rapid intensification of class contradictions.

The third lesson is the evolution of political system from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty.

1, the evolution of the central political system:

The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system.

The central government has three posts (Xiang, Qiu)

China-DPRK decision-making body

External execution mechanism

Shangshutai central organization

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties gradually formed a three-province system.

Shangshu Province, Introspection Province and Menxia Province in Sui Dynasty were the highest ruling institutions of the central government.

In the Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu was in charge of decision-making and was responsible for drafting and issuing imperial edicts.

Shangshu Province is responsible for implementing government decrees. Six departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers.

Under the door, the province is in charge of deliberation and is responsible for reviewing government decrees.

The highest administrative organization under the Zhongshumen in Song Dynasty

The highest military and political body of the Privy Council.

Deputy minister of political affairs, divided into prime minister's executive power

The third division manages finance and divides the financial power of the prime minister.

The highest administrative organ of Zhongshu Province in Yuan Dynasty.

The highest military body of the Privy Council.

Yuan is in charge of religious affairs and manages Tibet.

2. The evolution of local political system:

At the beginning of Han dynasty, counties and States were parallel; Later period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty: the system of setting up secretariat

In the middle and late Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were more and more leaders of local military towns, which developed into a separatist situation.

Song is a local official; State-county two-level system

In the Yuan Dynasty, the local government implemented the provincial system, under which there were roads, prefectures, prefectures and counties respectively. The provincial system strengthens centralization and consolidates the unity of multi-ethnic countries. Its establishment is a major change in the local administrative system.

Management of alpine propaganda organizations in remote ethnic areas.

3. The characteristics of the political system from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty: the relative power was weakened and the imperial power was strengthened. Local power is weakening, while central power

Constantly increasing.

The fourth lesson is to strengthen the absolute monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

1, Ming Dynasty: The monarchy was strengthened and the prime minister system in China was abolished, and the monarchy reached a new height.

2. Qing dynasty: the autocratic monarchy reached its peak, and the Ministry of War was established. The officials of the new Manchu and Han dynasties were selected by the emperor as ministers of the military department. accomplish

The military and political power of the country is completely concentrated in the hands of the emperor.

Unit 2 The Political System of Ancient Greece and Rome

Lesson 5 Ancient Greek Political Democracy

1, basis: Solon reform

Establishment: Reform in Cristini

Golden Age: The Rule of Perikles

2. Features: people's sovereignty, rule by turns, supremacy of law and equality of citizens.

3. Positive role: promoting the formation of Greek national character; Promote the development of ancient Greek cultural undertakings; Create western democratic politics.

Negative influence: male citizen democracy; Direct democracy of small countries and few people; Disadvantages of balloting and taking turns to sit in the village

Lesson 6 The Origin and Development of Roman Law

1, The Twelve Bronze Tables Act marks the birth of Roman written law.

The Complete Book of Civil Law (compiled by Justinian Organization) marks the final completion of the Roman legal system.

2. Influence: maintaining the political and economic rule of the Roman Empire; It is the foundation of modern continental European legal system; Is anti-feudal.

A powerful ideological weapon to consolidate the capitalist system.

Unit 3 Establishment and Development of Modern Western Capitalist Political System

Lesson 7 The Establishment of British Constitutional Monarchy

1, 1 Glorious Revolution: 1688

2 Bill of Rights: 1689. Features: the power of parliament is increasingly exceeding that of the king; Congress gradually stepped in? Die at the same time? The situation of

3 responsibility cabinet system: the prime minister actually becomes the highest decision-maker and leader in the country's political life.

2. Role: domestic influence: providing security, stabilizing society, entering democracy and setting an example;

Foreign influence: it also has a great influence on the establishment of new systems by the bourgeoisie in other countries.

3. Features: The British constitutional system is a mixture of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. The monarch is a symbolic head of state, and most of his duties are ceremonial.

Lesson 8 The Establishment of the Federal Government of the United States (the United States became independent on July 4th, 1776)

1、 1? 1787 constitution? Formulation: The United States in the early days of independence was only a confederate country.

Principle:? Decentralization? With what? Check and balance? The restriction between legislative power, executive power and judicial power is balanced; There are constraints between the President and Congress, between the two houses of Congress, and between the judiciary and other departments.

The executive president is indirectly elected by voters.

The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the army, and can exercise dictatorial power in wartime.

Legislative power The Senate and the House of Representatives form the Congress.

Senators are elected by the state legislature, two from each state; Deputies are directly elected by voters, and their number is in direct proportion to the population of the state.

The judges of the federal court of judicial power are appointed by the president and serve for life.

Federal courts have the power to interpret all laws and treaties.

2、? 1787 constitution? Its significance: it is the first step to complete the bourgeois written constitution in the world; Enhance beauty

The development of capitalism in China; It was the United States that established a federal state; It further consolidated the achievements of the war of independence and enabled the American revolution to be completed.

3、? 1787 constitution? Limitations: The Bill of Rights, which reflects people's rights and interests, was added to the Constitution as an amendment a few years later; It recognizes black slavery and slave trade, leaving a mark of racial discrimination and oppression; Women, Indians and black slaves were deprived of the right to vote.

Lesson 9 the expansion of capitalist political system in continental Europe

1, The Difficult Road to Peace in France:

1 the first * * * and the first empire of China, the second * * * and the second empire of China, the third * * * and China (* * * and the system was finally established).

The content of the Constitution of the Third Republic of France: the executive power belongs to the President; Legislative power belongs to bicameral parliament; Judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and consists of authorized senators.

The significance of the Constitution of the Third Republic of France: the * * * faction finally held key positions such as the House of Representatives, the Senate, the Cabinet and the President in their own hands; All bourgeois groups have occupied seats in the state power, and the political system of * * * has finally been established; It enabled the industrial bourgeoisie to share political power and promoted the development of French industrial capital.

2, the constitutional monarchy of the German Empire:

1 Establishment of the German Empire: 187 1 Constitution and the establishment of a dual monarchy.

2 The contents of the Constitution of the German Empire:

Regime: unified Germany is a confederate monarchy;

Legislative power: bicameral parliament as a legislative body. The federal parliament is the highest authority of the empire, actually the house of lords; The Imperial Parliament is actually the House of Commons.

Executive power: the emperor is the head of state; The constitution gives great power. The prime minister of the empire presided over the work of the imperial government, was the head of the cabinet and held absolute power.

The nature of the Constitution of the German Empire: The political system of the German Empire is an incomplete and imperfect representative system.

4 the influence of the German Empire Constitution:

Negative effects: the monarchy was preserved, the political and economic status of the Yongke landlord was not fundamentally touched, and the militaristic tradition was continued, which hindered the complete completion of bourgeois democratic reform.

Positive influence: the establishment of a bourgeois imperialist country; Germany has entered the threshold of capitalism and entered a new historical period; German capitalist industry developed rapidly, and by the end of 19, Germany had become one of the world powers.

Significance: It marks the establishment of the German bourgeois monarchy; With a strong feudal and military color.

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