The first female general in China history: Fu Hao.

It is agreed that Princess Fu Hao is an outstanding female politician and strategist. Because of Fu Hao's good cultural accomplishment, Wu Ding, the king of Shang Dynasty at that time, often asked her to preside over very important sacrifices and read eulogies. She was also appointed as a fortune teller and became a female politician in the Wu Ding era. Fu Hao is also a strategist. She led troops to fight many times and made great achievements. After his wife died, Wu Ding was very sad. Fu Hao has a huge single burial tomb and a long worship ceremony. This was very rare in Shang Dynasty.

Fu Hao is one of Shang Ding's more than 60 wives and one of the three legal spouses. Good name. "Woman" is a kinship term. Jin Wen is also called "stepmother Xin" because her temple is called Xin, which is called in "Zhou Ji Oracle Bone Inscriptions". Zujia's mother is her "mother Xin". She was deeply loved by Wu Ding, was sealed in the field, shouldered the heavy responsibility of defending the land and collecting land, and died in Wu Ding's later years.

1976 A complete tomb was found in the northwest of Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan Province. Fu Hao's tomb is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the ancestral hall area of Yin Ruins since 1928. It is also the only well-preserved tomb of members of the Shang royal family discovered since the scientific excavation of Yin Ruins. The tomb is 5.6 meters long from north to south, 4 meters wide from east to west and 7.5 meters deep. There is a great hall called "Mother Believers" by Oracle Bone Inscriptions on the tomb.

From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, we know that she presided over some important sacrificial activities and led many expeditions to Turkey, Qiang, Pakistan and other countries. In a war of conquering Qiang, she commanded a huge team of 13 thousand people, which was the most used in the foreign conquest of Shang Dynasty so far. Famous soldiers B and Hou Gao are often under his command. In the battle against Pakistan, Fu Hao led B to ambush and cut off the retreat of the Pakistani army. When Wu Ding defeated the Palestinian army from the east, it drove it into an ambush and annihilated it, which was the earliest recorded ambush in the history of China War.

In Shang Dynasty, "the state affairs are to worship the capacity" (Zuo Zhuan), Fu Hao was often ordered to preside over various festivals such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and gods, and served as a diviner. He was an important member of Wuding ruling group. He also led the army to suppress slave resistance.

First of all, birth

During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the status of mother and son influenced each other: only the mother of noble birth could be the wife of Shang Wang, that is, the queen, and only Wang Housheng's son was qualified to inherit the throne; Only when the son is made a prince or inherits the throne can the queen be included in the weekly sacrifice and shared with her husband after her death.

Wu Ding * * * has three wife, that is, Si Muwu's wife N (), Si's wife Hao () and Yan Gui. As it happens, Wu Ding also has three sons with unusual identities. One is the son bow called "the eldest son" (that is, the prince) or "Xiao Wang" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. He should be. These three people were probably born to Fu N, Fu Hao and Cong Gui respectively, so all three people entered the weekly sacrifice. Similarly, Zu Ding, King of Shang Dynasty, had four sons, namely Yang Jiahe, Pan Gengxun, Xiao Helian (the father of Wu Ding), while Cong Ji and Cong Gui were the two queens who lived in the same clan as Zu Ding. Probably these four brothers were born to these two queens, so they are also included in the weekly sacrifice.

In this way, Fu Hao, as the queen of Wu Ding, is at least the mother of a prince, with a prominent position, and is the legal spouse included in Zhou Jie and Wu Ding. She can never be a lowly person. She should be the daughter of her son's prince, and her son (Fu Haoguo) is also a vassal who occupies a very important position in the country.

Second, sacrifice

"Worship for peace and honor is a national event", "worship" is in the first place, and businessmen also attach the most importance to sacrifice. Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded that Fu Hao participated in many sacrificial activities. In Wuding period, Oracle Bone Inscriptions used sacrificial names such as ㄓ (?), ? (?), Yu, Shao (j), Liao, Wang and Bin, all of which were different ways of sacrifice. "Taking (prisoners)" is a human sacrifice, that is, using prisoners of war as sacrifices. The sacrificial objects are Cong Gui, Cong Geng, Si Cong, and his second father. Before Wu Ding, the spouses of Zhong Ding and Zuding were married, as were the spouses of Shi Ren, Zuxin and Xiao Yi. Father B is Wu Ding's father Xiao Yi, whose name is Lian in the annals of bamboo books. These are very important sacrificial activities, which can be presided over by Fu Hao, which shows Fu Hao's high status.

Third, conquer

There are only two women in Wuding recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions, one is Fu Hao and the other is Fu N (Simuwu). According to Mr. Wang's statistics, there are five countries: Turkey, Summer, India (or Pakistan), Iraq and Dragon. For example, Wu Ding summoned his troops and ordered Fu Hao to lead the army to cut land, which was the main enemy of the northwest of Yin Shang Dynasty. According to Mr. Hu Houxuan's textual research, it is Xia Fang, a descendant of Xia Dynasty. Finally, the country was conquered during the Wuding period.

According to the Indian Oracle, Wu Ding personally went out to ask Fu Hao and bX to cooperate with India to attack from the east and drive the enemy into Fu Hao's ambush position.

The corpse side is the human side, later called Dongyi. There was no word Dongyi in Shang Dynasty, only human face or corpse face, which was called Dongyi in Zhou Dynasty. Zhou wrote "Dongyi", and "corpse" is called "Yi", which is also called "corpse side" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This corpse is not a square country, but an alliance of many eastern countries that originally belonged to the Xia Dynasty. Fang has many tribes, vast land, rich products and powerful forces. The collection of corpses was a major war in which the Shang Dynasty expanded its territory and influence to the southeast. Wu Ding period, began to conquer the human side, mainly Wu Ding himself, followed by the main generals are Fu Hao and Hou Gao. However, the conquest of the corpse was finally completed by Zhou Shi.

Fu Hao is one of the most outstanding women in Wuding. Two bronze cymbals were unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb. One of them is 39.5 cm long, 37.5 cm wide and weighs 9 kg. The graupel is decorated with the tattoo of Shuang Hu's head and the inscription "Fu Hao". According to this, an article said that Fu Hao charged with two large cymbals, and inferred that "Fu Hao's arm strength is amazing", which is a misunderstanding caused by not understanding history. That kind of giant weapon can be held in both hands, but it is difficult to use with one hand. In fact, this ceremonial device as a symbol of power, like the flag used by the army, must be held by a special person (noble) and stand on the chariot. Long hair said: "(Tang) is pretending and sincere." If the fire is fierce, then I dare to die. "That is to say, Shang Tang () attacked valerian, and Tang himself stuck to the banner in the chariot, and courtiers attached devoutly to the cymbals to show that he was conquered by destiny. Historical records? Zhou Benji said: "(Zhou) holds it with his left hand and holds it with his right hand. "Huang Yue and Belarus are symbols of power and dignity, and they are used to command the three armed forces (to persuade people) instead of bringing them to the front. Huang Yue is the Bronze Yue, because the bronze ware was yellow when it was first cast, and it was also called "gold" in ancient times. After a long time, it rusted and turned blue-black. Therefore, the shotgun is not a weapon in actual combat, but a ceremonial weapon symbolizing the authority of the commander-in-chief. It can be seen that the woman's right to conquer should be a great event at that time.