Ancient Xiangxiong Culture of Ancient Xiangxiong Civilization

Xiang Xiong, called "Toarey Yang" by Han scholars in the later period of history, is also written as "Xiang Xiong", which is a Chinese character based on the transliteration of Tibetan "Xiang Xiong".

Every nation has its own history of civilization. From the four ancient civilizations in the world to some corners of the earth, there are still ethnic tribes in primitive social forms, all of which have different degrees of civilization. As a member of the Chinese nation, Tibetans have thrived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since ancient times.

According to a large number of documents and unearthed cultural relics, the history of Tibetans can be traced back to the Neolithic Age from 7000 years ago to 10000 years ago. In the long history, like other nationalities, she created her own splendid and unique ancient civilization in the struggle with nature.

Many historical data show that Xiang Xiong not only rose before Yalong tribe, but also established a powerful Tubo dynasty with Yalong tribe. In the long-term historical evolution and ethnic exchanges, Xiang Xiong and Tibetans gradually merged and became a member of the Chinese nation. Brother Xiang himself has been incorporated into the territory of the motherland with the Tubo Dynasty since the Yuan Dynasty and has become an inseparable part of the motherland.

Xiangxiong culture is the native culture of China and Tibet, which contains many cultural systems, such as medicine, architecture, manifesto, Buddhism, astronomy and philosophy. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of Tibetan ancestors living in snowy plateau. Open a huge historical picture with rich images in ancient times, like male culture, continuous. After thousands of years of precipitation and accumulation, it bears the immortal spirit of the Tibetan nation and represents the "root" and "soul" of Tibet's long history and culture. It is a precious cultural heritage and spiritual wealth left by the snowy plateau to the world. The spirit and tradition of Xiangxiong culture have penetrated into the bone marrow of the Tibetan people, completely dominating their spiritual world, influencing their way of thinking and behavior, and becoming an indispensable part of their daily life.

China ancient Xiangxiong culture is the source and basic culture of Tibet! As the source of Tibetan culture, the mysterious and legendary Xiangxiong Dynasty, on the snowy plateau towering over the roof of the world, still reflects the whole Tibetan area, and various traditional customs and cultures extended from it have been passed down to this day. We modern people are familiar with turning mountains, worshiping the sacred lake, kowtowing, hanging colorful flags, heaping stone sacrifices, fire sacrifices, water sacrifices, social sacrifices, simmering mulberry, Sodom, butter sculptures, wiping and diamond knots; There are also Tibetan, dzi beads, tiantie, pots and pans dancing, good news dancing, painting and other arts, all of which originated from the ancient Xiangxiong culture.

The ancient Xiang Xiong had a great influence on later generations, whether it was culture or religion. The ancient Xiangxiong culture even influenced the cultures of many neighboring countries and nationalities. Today, in the fields of culture, art and religion all over the world, we can still find these symbols of civilization from the ancient elephant male, and we can still see the remains of the ancient elephant male civilization, which is undoubtedly a valuable spiritual wealth for Tibetans and even people all over the world. At present, there are Xiangxiong cultural research institutions or learning centers in France, Germany, Norway, Britain, Italy, Russia, the United States, Mexico, Canada, Japan, Thailand, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand and North and South America. "Ancient elephant civilization" has been included in the protection scope of world cultural heritage because of its long and splendid history. 20 14 1 1 The Chinese translation of The Elephant Tripitaka has been officially listed as a major project of the National Social Science Fund of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China.

The cultural heritage of a nation bears the pride and honor of this nation; Protecting and inheriting the cultural heritage of Gu Xiangxiong is to protect the once glory, present inheritance and future hope of the Tibetan nation. Xiangxiong culture is extensive and profound. We should protect and study Xiangxiong culture, spread it to all parts of the world, and let the world really understand its unique advantages. We protect Xiangxiong culture, not only to protect the local culture of China and Tibet, but also to safeguard the interests of human social education, because it is not only an important part of Tibetan culture and Naxi culture, but also an important part of world culture. Xiangxiong culture is the essence of the wisdom of Tibetan ancestors, not only the culture of China, but also the culture of the world. Protecting Xiangxiong culture means protecting China ancient culture! Saving Xiang Xiong culture is saving the world culture!

Buddhism of ancient elephants and heroes not only involves religion, but also covers folk customs, astronomy, calendars, Tibetan medicine, philosophy, hermeneutics (logic), debate, art, dance, music and so on. It is an important spiritual belief of people in Tibet and its surrounding areas, and it still plays an indispensable role in the spiritual and cultural life of people in Xizang.

Luan Zhangjian, deputy director of the Research Office of the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee, once wrote an article evaluating the historical significance of Xiangxiong civilization and Yongzhong Benjiao: "It is no exaggeration to say that to understand Tibetan civilization, we must first understand Xiangxiong civilization; To study Tibetan Buddhism, we should also study this religion first. Otherwise, the deeper you explore, the farther away you may be from the truth. "

The ancient Xiangxiong civilization has integrated this religious thought into all aspects of politics, culture and life. After Shenrab Mivo Buddha founded Yongzhong Buddhism, he changed many primitive ways of belief, including killing animals and offering sacrifices to gods. And he used Ciba and ghee to knead various colorful color plates instead of animals in primitive Buddhism, thus reducing the killing, which is the original origin of Thomas and ghee sculpture. Domar and butter sculptures are also widely used as offerings by other sects of Tibetan Buddhism and become a major feature of Tibetan Buddhism.

Rao Xin also skillfully absorbed the essence of primitive religious culture, such as Tibetan medicine, astronomy, calendar, geography, divination, crossing over, dreaming, auspiciousness, stone carving, carving and bathing.

Before the 7th century, all astronomers, educators, translators, doctors, teachers, fortune tellers, geomancers and all literate scholars in Xiangxiong, Tibet were honored as "Benbo". At that time, all the cultures and religious beliefs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau could be called "this religion". Yongzhong Benjiao, an ancient elephant male Buddhism, originated in Gangdise Mountain and Yongcuo Lake in Mabian, an ancient elephant male in Central Asia. In order to save all sentient beings, Rao Xin Miwo, the prince of the ancient elephant male Buddha, preached the ancient elephant male Buddha, namely "Benbo Buddhism in Yongzhong". Yongzhong Benjiao is an ancient Buddhism, taught by Rao Xin Mituo.

In fact, the Elephant Tripitaka is the origin and source of all history, religion and culture in Tibet, and it is an extremely precious material for studying ancient Tibetan civilization, and it is also an important field that no Tibetan cultural researcher can avoid.

The ancient elephant male Buddhism occupies the highest position in the traditional culture of the ancient elephant male. It is the oldest Buddhism in Tibet and the oldest Buddhism in human history.

As early as more than 10,000 years before Indian Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, the ancient elephant-like Buddhism "Yongzhong Benjiao" has been widely spread in the snowy plateau, and it is the most important spiritual belief of people in Xizang.

Modern Tibetan scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on Xiang Xiong's history, among which the research on Xiang Xiong's language and writing is more prominent. As far as Xiangxiong's names and place names are concerned, many princes' names and 60 place names in Xiangxiong before the tenth century were all in Xiangxiong language, and it is difficult for modern people to understand their meanings no matter how high their Tibetan level is. Ali area still uses the place names of the ancient Xiangxiong era. If you want to know their meaning, it is difficult to know without knowing Xiang Xiong.

After the tenth century, the descendants of the Tubo royal family ruled Xiangxiong, spread Buddhism, used Tibetan as a common language, and gradually assimilated Xiangxiong. At the beginning of the 7th century AD, before the Tibetan language was created by Songzan Gambu, the Tubo king, Xiang Xiong's teachers wrote this scripture in Xiang Xiong's language and preached in the Tubo Wang Tianchi era. As far as the Songtsan Gampo era is concerned, before the Tibetan language came into being, Songtsan Gampo sent people to propose marriage to Nepal and the Tang Dynasty with letters, probably written in Xiangxiong language at that time.

Some foreign modern Tibetan scholars believe that Tibetan is reformed on the basis of Xiang Xiongwen, drawing lessons from Kashmir and India. This assumption is not unreasonable. Some Tibetan scholars produced seals and some pictographs contemporary with Songzan Gambu as evidence, which further proved the existence of pictographs. In primitive times, Tibetan ancestors had mastered the most basic knowledge of astronomical calendar calculation, and thought that all celestial bodies were composed of five elements, including earth, wood, water, fire and air, including all living things, and the five corresponding boundaries would be reconciled with each other, thus forming natural phenomena such as the sun, moon, stars, changes of seasons, climate change and biological action, so as to calculate fate. This is the so-called "five-element calculation".

During the period of Yongzheng Buddhism, its founder, Dunbaxin Rao Miwofo, taught Cha Xinle Jiete Tangbu and his son Gong Chachibu.

In the 4th century BC, during the period of Nie Chizanbu (360-345 BC), the first Tibetan king of Tubo, twelve books of wisdom were invited from Xiangxiong (now Pulan County and Zhada County in Ali region of Tibet). They have their own strengths, assisted Zampa in ruling Yalong Valley and its surrounding areas, and popularized the algorithm and medical knowledge of this teaching calendar.

Among them, Zi Kangguo is more familiar with the calculation of astronomical calendar. He calculated the changes of the four seasons and meteorological conditions according to the running laws of the sun, the moon and the stars to assist the production and work of agriculture and animal husbandry. According to the different shapes of the stars, Twenty-seven Nights has a more vivid name, which is still used to calculate the rain, drought, frost, hail and insect pests of the current year or the following year in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet to prevent crops from being affected. Dunba Xinrao was the earliest Tibetan doctor. Xiangxiong is the earliest birthplace of Tibetan culture and the birthplace of Tibetan primitive religion. Xiang Xiong is located in Pulan County, Ali District, Xizang Autonomous Region today. This is the birthplace of Dunba Xinrao, the founder of Yongzhong Benjiao.

The first Canon of Medicine of our religion, it is said that Dunbaxinrao married the daughters of nine tribal owners and gave birth to eight children. One of the concubines named Zhai gave birth to Jeb Chuxi in 637 BC. Later, Jeb Chuxi became the medical heir who traveled all over Brazil, and named his father's collection of medical works "Multiple Dreams", which is one of the four genealogies in the medical code we use now. Its postscript records the history of all the heirs from Jebus to the seventh century AD. Dunba Xinrao passed on the nine manifestations of cheese medicine to Jeb Chuxi, the main heir of this religion, and was later handed down in turn by Muzazahei, Seto Jiang Jie, Dong Jiong Tuchin and ZhaJie Maqiong.

The four famous medical codes (or four sequels) of Tibetan medicine are also the five sequels rooted in therapeutic prescriptions. Translated by the great translator Pilu Zena into the medical code of our church. According to Nima Tenzin's Catalogue Preface to Ganjul, the immortal names and medical spells in the four medical codes are well preserved, which fully shows that they originated from our medical codes. In addition, there is no doubt that the books hidden in the three Indian yoga mantras discovered from Samye Temple should also be medical classics and seven chapters.

One of the evidences that the medicine spread in Tibet in the later period originated from the ancient Xiangxiong culture is that in Dunhuang ancient Tibetan literature, there are two volumes about prescriptions, two volumes about fire moxibustion prescriptions, and four volumes about * * *. The postscript of one volume, Fire Moxibustion Prescription, says: "This volume is not in the library, but a collection of therapies, with the fundamental treatment of Xiangxiong." Medicine cannot analyze and judge the pathological causes of diseases without divination and divination. Therefore, according to the classification of the five Ming theories, this divination technique is classified as a medical prescription. When Xin Rao Mi Wo Fo showed Zha Xin Zu Fei Lie Jia and others the teaching method of checking letters, he also combined "degree" (interpretation), therapeutic prescription, "seeking", divination, round light, music, arithmetic and medicine, which is also for this reason.