Japanese history

Japanese history >; A Brief History of>& gt (1): The Origin and Ancient Times of Japan

(1) the origin of Japan

Around 1 century, there were more than 100 small countries all over Japan (some of them established diplomatic relations with the Eastern Han Dynasty). Later, these small countries gradually unified.

In the 4th century A.D., relatively large countries were established in Kansai, and it is said that the ancestors of today's royal family finally unified these countries. At that time, Japan included western Honshu, northern Kyushu and Shikoku.

Therefore, it will take a long time for this country to be unified. Therefore, it is difficult to make an accurate judgment on the exact date of the birth of Japan. According to Records of Historical Records and Records of Japan, the first emperor Emperor Jimmu was founded in 660 BC and acceded to the throne. The date of his accession to the throne is equivalent to 1 1 in the current Gregorian calendar, so this day is designated as the "founding day".

(2) Ancient times

Wensheng times

Since the Pleistocene, human ancestors have lived on the Japanese archipelago, and the formation of Japanese race and Japanese prototype is considered to be the rope age from BC 1000 to the 3rd century BC. At that time, several people or 65,438+00 people lived in thatched houses with vertical pits, and made a living by hunting, fishing and gathering, which constituted a society without distinction between rich and poor and class.

Yayoi era

In the 3rd century BC, rice cultivation and the use of metal utensils were introduced from Korea to northern Kyushu. Rice farming technology has brought epoch-making changes to Japanese society, expanded production, produced differences between the rich and the poor, and made rural communities tend to be politically collectivized. The beliefs, manners and customs brought by farming gradually spread, forming the embryonic form of Japanese culture.

The era of great tombs

In the middle of the 4th century AD, the Yamato regime unified the separatist small country. With the unification of the country, the ancient graves, represented by the front and back round graves, have expanded to all parts of the country. This period was the period when many knowledge and technologies from China were introduced into Japan. In the 4th century, the Yamato regime absorbed the high material civilization of the mainland. In the 5th century, foreigners (naturalized citizens) from the Korean Peninsula brought iron-making, pottery-making, textile, metal technology, civil engineering and other technologies, and at the same time began to use China's Chinese characters. In the 6th century, Confucianism was formally accepted and Buddhism was introduced to Japan.

In the 7th century, Shoto Kutaishi devoted itself to political innovation and set out to establish a centralized country with the emperor as the center. This practice followed the example of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when it absorbed mainland culture more actively. By the end of the 9th century, it had sent more than 65,438+00 envoys to Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Nara era

In 7 10, the Japanese capital Heichengjing (now Nara and its suburbs) ushered in a prosperous period of a country ruled by law. But at this time, the poverty of farmers, the increase of vagrants, and the substantial collapse of the commons citizenship system caused by the expansion of manor began to expose contradictions.

During this period, due to the state's efforts to protect Buddhism, Buddhist culture, especially Buddhist art, began to flourish. For example, the bird culture that created Japanese Buddhist culture in the early 7th century; The unique baifeng culture in the late 7th century; In the mid-8th century, under the influence of the culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tian Ping culture embodied rich human emotions in a realistic way, and so on.

Compared with Buddhist art, the cultural pyramid of this period is a collection of leaves. In the 400 years before the middle of the 8th century, The Collection of Ye Wan collected about 4,500 songs of peace from civilians to emperors, which truly reflected the simple life feelings of ancient Japanese. In addition, Hongzhi (7 12), The Book of Japan (720) and China's poetry collection Huaifengzao (75 1) are all cultural heritages of this period.

peacetime

At the end of the 8th century, Japan moved its capital to Ping 'an (now the capital of Beijing), trying to rebuild the legal system. However, due to the collapse of the commons citizenship system, the country fell into financial difficulties. After sending the last batch of envoys to the Tang Dynasty in 894, it stopped, so it stopped absorbing a lot of mainland culture.

10- 1 1 century, Fujiwara's monopoly regime was based on manor, and its power was the most powerful. However, due to local political chaos and public security chaos, the samurai group became stronger. At the end of 1 1 century, in order to fight Fujiwara, the imperial government was implemented (referring to the reign of the Japanese emperor at the end of heian period and the French emperor acting as the emperor), so the samurai entered the central political circle.

The Heian period has its own cultural characteristics. Influenced by the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century, the culture of forbearance and Zhenguan in esotericism and Sinology is still very prosperous. However, after the direct communication with the mainland was cut off after the 10 century, Japan's unique aristocratic culture came into being. His representative works include The First Collection of Poetry, A Collection of Ancient and Modern Harmony Songs (65438+early 20th century), The Tale of Genji, the world's oldest novel (165438+early 20th century) and Essays on Pillow Grass (around AD 1000).

Japanese history >; & gt& gt A Brief Introduction to Japanese History (II): Middle Ages and Nearly a Hundred Years

③ Middle Ages (12-16th century)

Kamakura era

At the end of 12, the Yuan Dynasty was made a foreign general and the first shogunate regime in Japanese history was established in Kamakura. From then on, the samurai regime was born, which led to the opposition between martial politics and public politics (referring to court officials and nobles) in the late13rd century. The samurai rule of the shogunate began to face difficulties, and the Kamakura shogunate gradually embarked on the road of extinction.

Culturally, based on the aristocratic culture in the past, it absorbed the Zen culture introduced into Japan in the Song Dynasty and cultivated a vivid, realistic, simple and unique martial arts culture. In terms of religion, Kamakura Buddhism was founded by famous monks such as Fran, Qinluan and Rilian, and gained the faith of all walks of life. Zen Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the12nd century, and was valued by the Kanto samurai, and new trends appeared in the art field. In literature, the novel "The Story of the Pingding Family" with the background of the pacification war appeared (the original was born in 13 century), which is an outstanding representative of the story of ancient Japanese soldiers.

Muromachi era

/kloc-In the first half of the 4th century, after the conquering foreign general Ashikaga Yoshimitsu stabilized the Muromachi shogunate in Kyoto, the Wu family overwhelmed the government politically and culturally for more than two centuries. Because the Muromachi shogunate was established by gathering powerful names, the ruling ability of the shogunate itself was relatively weak. In January of the first year of Ren Ying (1467), Ren Ying's rebellion broke out, and famous soldiers from all over the country rose in succession. Muromachi shogunate crumbled, and Japan entered the Warring States period. In the name of the warring States period, it became a powerful independent regime that ruled the local land and people.

In terms of culture, both aristocratic culture and martial artist culture are influenced by Zen. At the end of 14, Beishan culture represented by Jingu Temple and Dongshan culture represented by Yinta Temple at the end of 15 were very developed. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, Portuguese and Spanish came to Japan and introduced guns and Christianity. It was an era of active culture.

(4) Modern times (16-1mid-9th century)

Warring States period (the end of Muromachi and Antu Taoshan period)

After the Ren Ying Uprising, great names in various parts of Japan rose in succession, and wars raged, making people miserable. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, there appeared a lean man who was determined to unify Japan by force and end troubled times. He is Nobutaka Oda. In the third year of Lu Yong (1560), Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto's 40,000 troops with 2,000 men in a narrow wooden barrel and became famous at one fell swoop. Later, we gradually unified Zhang Wei and Feng Jingen, and prepared to attack Yin Shan and Yang Shan. During this period, Nobunaga built the magnificent Antu City. So nobunaga's era is called "An Cheng era".

In the tenth year of Tianzheng (1582), the change of Benneng Temple broke out and Nobuka died. Yukio Hatoyama is an important official of Oda. He defeated Akechi Mitsuhide and Shibata Katsuie successively and established his successor status. After that, Japan was gradually unified through the Four Kingdoms Conquest, the Kyushu Conquest and the Battle of Odahara. Later, he was named "Toyotomi's Family" by the Emperor and was awarded the post of "Guan Bai". Toyotomi Hideyoshi's era is called "Taoshan Age".

In the third year of Qing Dynasty (1598), Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in the Taoshan Castle in Fujian. Feng Chen's family is divided into two factions: near the river (western army) and Wei Zhang (eastern army). As one of the five elders of the Toyotomi regime, Tokugawa Ieyasu launched the Guanyuan War in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1600), defeated the western army and established the Tokugawa regime. In the eighth year of Changqing (1603), the Tokugawa shogunate was established and the Warring States period ended.

Edo era

In the eighth year of Keinaga (1603), Tokugawa Ieyasu was made a foreign general and established a shogunate regime in Edo (now Tokyo). After that, the Tokugawa family ruled the country for more than 260 years. This period is called the edo period. Tokugawa shogunate strictly controlled emperors, nobles, temples and shrines, and tried its best to rule farmers who supported the wooden model system. In the 9th year of Yuanhe (1623), Guang Jia, the third generation general of Tokugawa family, came to power and ordered the country to be locked up. Foreigners are forbidden to come to Japan, and Japanese people are also forbidden to travel overseas, except Nagasaki and its border sites, which are open as foreign ports. Due to behind closed doors, Mufan system ushered in a stable period. However, with the development of industry and commodity economy, the management system of farmers' self-sufficiency collapsed, and the mufan system began to shake from the18th century.

The common people culture is the characteristic of this period. /kloc-From the late 7th century to the early 8th century, Luyuan culture was a samurai and merchant culture centered on Kyoto and Osaka (the Kanto natives in Japan called Kyoto and Osaka the top). The clean glass of dolls, kabuki, ukiyo-e paintings and handicrafts are very prosperous. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the normalized culture went to Edo, and novels, kabuki, ukiyo-e paintings and literati paintings presented rich and colorful merchant culture.

Japanese history >; & gt& gt Modern Japanese History

Modern times (1from the late 9th century to the present)

Meiji era

At the end of the edo shogunate, natural disasters continued, the Tokugawa era was corrupt and the people were poor. Moreover, the financial difficulties of the shogunate made most of the middle and lower samurai more and more dissatisfied with the shogunate. At the same time, western capitalist powers knocked on the door of Japan, which has not been locked for more than 200 years.

Under the double pressure of internal troubles and foreign invasion, the Japanese gradually realized that only by overthrowing the Tokugawa era and learning from capitalist countries is Japan's way to prosperity. So a vigorous closing movement began. Samoan and Changzhou warriors played an important role in this movement to overthrow the Tokugawa era. 1868 1.3, a defector representing the interests of the bourgeoisie and the emerging landlord class, successfully staged a coup under the leadership of Kubo Junyi, Saigō Takamori and Hiroshi, known as the "three outstanding reformers", forcing Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the Tokugawa shogunate15th generation general, to hand over the political power, and the newly acceded Meiji Emperor promulgated "Wang This is the Meiji Restoration in Japanese history. Japan has since embarked on the capitalist road.

1868 (the second year of Meiji), Emperor Meiji moved the capital to Edo and changed its name to Tokyo. After that, a series of major reforms were carried out in politics, economy, culture, education and diplomacy. Japan's national strength is getting stronger and stronger. Later, China and beiyang fleet were defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the Russo-Japanese War, and the Russian Pacific Fleet and Baltic Fleet were wiped out. Japan has become one of the imperialist powers.

Taisho Showa Times

Compared with the historical progress made in Meiji era, Emperor Taishō is called "the unfortunate Great Truth". Emperor Taishi was in office for 15 years, and his political achievements were not as good as those of Emperor Meiji. And he was trapped by encephalopathy all his life, and finally he was forced to give up his right to rest and was regent by Prince Hirohito.

1926, Hirohito ascended the throne, with the year number "Showa", namely Hirohito. For people in China, South Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, the first 30 years of the Showa era were dark. At this time, the Japanese government was committed to aggression and expansion. 193 1 year (the 6th year of Showa), the "September 18th Incident" broke out and the Japanese army occupied the northeast of China. 1937 (Showa 12) On July 7, 2007, the Japanese army provoked the Lugouqiao Incident and launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. 194 1 year (showa 16), the Japanese attacked pearl harbor and the Pacific war broke out. During this period, it not only brought profound disasters to the people in China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, but also brought painful difficulties to the Japanese people. This is the darkest period in the history of Japan and Sino-Japanese relations.

1945 (20th year of Showa) On August15th, the Japanese army surrendered. The U.S. military occupied Japan and changed Japan's autocratic imperial power system into a constitutional monarchy, and the emperor was preserved as a symbol of Japan.

1972 (47th year of Showa) In July, tanaka kakuei became Japanese Prime Minister and began to pursue "multilateral independence" diplomacy. In September of the same year, Tanaka visited China and signed the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement with Premier Zhou Enlai on September 29th, announcing the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. 1978 In August, China and Japan concluded the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping was invited to visit Japan and announced the official entry into force of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Sino-Japanese relations have been normalized since then.

1989 (64th year of Showa, the first year of Heisei), is Hirohito sick? Crown Prince Akihito acceded to the throne and changed his title to "Heisei"

Japanese history

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Japanese history:

Directory [hidden]

1 ancient, ancient

1. 1 Paleolithic Age

1.2 rope pattern era

1.3 yayoi age

1.4 Age of ancient graves

1.5 Asuka period

1.6 Nara age

1.7 peacetime

Medieval times

2. 1 kamakura era

2.2 Southern and Northern Dynasties

2.3 Muromachi era

3 Modern

3. 1 Antu Taoshan era

3.2 edo period

4 modern, modern

4. 1 Meiji

4.2 Dazheng

4.3 Showa

4.4 heisei

5 See also

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ancient times

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Old Stone Age

Japan was originally connected with the Asian continent. Tens of thousands of years ago, primitive people lived here. Some people speculate that this may be because primitive people came from the mainland to hunt wild animals.

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Rope writing period

(10,000 BC to the 3rd century BC)

The era of using rope pottery About 1 10,000 years ago, climate warming and rising sea level caused Japan to separate from the mainland and become an archipelago. People domesticated dogs to catch deer and wild boar, and at the same time invented bows and arrows, which increased the capture of prey. In addition to fishing, people also collect horse chestnut seeds, acorns, walnuts and plant bulbs. People try to get enough food so that they have free time to grind stone tools and burn pottery. Moreover, the range of food has been expanded by starting to eat cooked food. In this way, human beings can settle down in one place for a long time and build vertical caves to live in. The vertical cave is centered on the square, and several families live together, and shells and food scraps are discarded around it to form a shell pile. But this kind of food can't be preserved for a long time, and it is difficult to accumulate the surplus products in someone's hand. In the primitive society where there was no class opposition, fashion did not find any sites and remains reflecting the wealth and power of specific groups.

At that time, under the condition of low productivity, the natural resources were limited, so people made strict rules to protect nature within the group. At the same time, witchcraft prevailed, stone sticks and clay dolls appeared, and people had the habit of pulling teeth. People also pray for the abundance of nature. By the end of this era, especially in western Japan, there was a trend of trying to break through the hunting, fishing and gathering economy. Recently, a paddy field site planted with late-rope rice was discovered in Banfu site in Fukuoka Prefecture.

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Yayoi era

(300 BC-300 AD)

The era of using yayoi pottery. According to the form of pottery, it can be divided into three stages: the first, the middle and the last stage. In the early stage, it expanded from Kyushu to Gyeonggi area (East Japan was still at the end of the rope pattern era) and spread to the northeast in the middle stage. The early flat-edged stone axe in Kitakyushu is similar to the mainland culture in terms of ground stone tools, bronzes and stone tombs. Yayoi culture has advanced farming techniques from the beginning, which is generally considered to be influenced by Korean immigrants. After the middle period, irrigation technology has been improved and agricultural production has gradually stabilized. In the later period, iron farm tools became popular and stone tools basically disappeared. Bronze ritual vessels are developed, such as bronze priests, bronze swords, bronze spears and bronze daggers, and there is a social division of labor such as making iron and salt. Through trade and war, a unified political regional group was formed. At this time, Hokkaido can't grow rice, and it is still in the stage of rope culture.

See:

Japan

Wonu Wang Haibao

Japanese

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The era of great tombs

(300-600 AD)

The era of building ancient tombs prevailed. Ancient tombs, large and small, centered on Nara Prefecture, are scattered in a vast area from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Kumamoto Prefecture and Oita Prefecture in the south. In the 5th century, it expanded from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture. Ancient tombs only buried tribal leaders and were built by tribal members.

In the 5th century, the primitive ownership began to disintegrate, the extended family developed into production units and movable property ownership units, and conflicts of interest occurred within the primitive tribes. Since the middle of the fifth century, the civil war between powerful tribes in Guinea has intensified. Some powerful tribes are related to the mockingbird tomb and the ancient city tomb where the five kings of Japan appeared. In the sixth century, the emerging forces of the system of succession to the emperor unified the tribes in the east of the capital and established the status of the king. Kitakyushu forces, led by MICHELLE Iwai's construction, had hoped to gain a similar status and resist, but this resistance had been defeated before obtaining this status. During the civil war, local leaders granted tribal members the right to build small ancient graves to enhance their combat effectiveness. Therefore, in the second half of the 5th century, the ancient grave, which used to be only the head tomb, evolved into a small ancient grave (cluster grave). This trend further developed in the 6th century. More than100000 ancient tombs have been built all over Japan. The main part of the ancient tomb also adopted a horizontal cave stone chamber. Several generations of family members are buried in the stone chamber, with weapons as the center. After death, there are necessities of life, such as hui utensils and earthenware utensils.

However, the appearance of a large number of small ancient tombs has gradually weakened the nature of ancient tombs as rulers' buildings. Therefore, from the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century, Japanese monarchs tried their best to build monasteries in Guinea, and at the same time restricted the construction of small ancient tombs, while kings and powerful nobles were buried in large square tombs modeled after the mausoleum of Emperor China. In this way, the era of ancient graves is coming to an end, and the so-called "thin burial order" of Dahua further encourages this tendency, leaving only the ancient graves of middle-class nobles in Gaosong, which are small but gorgeous. The ancient tombs in Guandong and Northeast China ended later than in western Japan, and the round tombs were still under construction until the first half of the seventh century.

See:

Haniwa

Japanese kingship

Seven knives

The five kings of Japan

Around the 3rd century, the Yamato Kingdom appeared in Nara Prefecture, and gradually conquered most parts of Japan. The leader was called the "king" and later renamed the emperor.

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Asuka period

(600-700 AD)

Asuka period was named after torii in Nara Prefecture (now Asuka Village, then the capital of Fujiwara). Buddhism spread through Baekje during this period. Su, one of the two major forces in the imperial court, supported Buddhism, while Wu, another force, supported traditional Shintoism. There was a fierce conflict between the two sides. In the battle of folding clothes in 587, Suvo Ma Zi defeated the Ministry of Property and gained control of the imperial court.

In 592 A.D., a royal woman who was related by marriage to the Su family ascended the throne and became Emperor Tugu. She nominated Shoto Kutaishi (Prince of Stairs Gate) as Regent and carried out political reforms centered on strengthening imperial power. Shoto Kutaishi formulated Twelve Orders and Seventeen Constitutions, which laid the foundation of China's bureaucracy. At the same time, envoys and international students were sent to study in the Sui Dynasty. In order to maintain his autocracy, Su I strongly opposed the political reform. Su I entered Luyi and killed his son, the prince of northern Shaanxi. In 645, Prince Zhong Da (Emperor Tianzhi) and Nakatomino Kamatari (Fujiwara Sickle Foot) conspired to assassinate Su I and entered Luyi, ending Su I's dictatorship. In the same year, Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, issued a new imperial edict to reform Dahua, and promoted Dahua's innovation.

In 660, Baekje was destroyed in the Tang Dynasty. In order to revive its tributary Baekje, Japan sent troops to Korea, and was defeated by the joint forces of Tang Dynasty and Silla in Baicun River. In 668, Emperor Tianzhi ascended the throne, imitating the household registration management system of the Tang Dynasty, and in 670, the earliest national household registration was carried out. In 672, Emperor Tianzhi died, and his son, the Prince of Judah, succeeded him as Emperor Hong Wen. Prince Hailmann, the younger brother of Emperor Tianzhidi, competed with him for a position, and war broke out. This is the famous Renshen rebellion in history. Prince Hairin defeated Hong Wen in Gifu County and became Emperor Wu of Heaven. During the period of Emperor Tianwu, the earliest coin "Fudu" appeared in Japan. 70 1 year (Dabao Year), Dabao Law was promulgated. In 7 10, the Yuan and Ming emperors moved their capital to Pingchengjing, and the Asuka period ended.

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Nara era

(AD 7 10 to AD 784)

The era with Nara as its capital. From 7 10 (the third year of copper), Pingcheng well was its capital, and it was moved to Changgangjing in 784 (the third year of extension) for 74 years. It is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in the political and economic system, class relations, culture and foreign relations. At this time, political struggles within the nobility continued to occur. After the change of Prince Nagaya, Fujiwara's four clean-ups, the orange brothers fought for power with the monk Yun Xuan, Fujiwara's Hirohito Rebellion, and Fujiwara Nakama rejected the royal family as the first non-royal Zheng Tai minister. Buddhist Taoist mirrors used filial piety to restore the emperor, punish Fujiwara Nakama and promote the French king, in an attempt to covet the throne by abdicating, weakening the absolute authority of the emperor's dictatorship. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system.

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peacetime

(794- 1 190)

The historical era with Pingan Jing (Kyoto) as its capital began in 794 (13th year of Yan Li) when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Pingan Jing, and finally the Kamakura shogunate was established in 1 185 (the first year of Wenzhi), which lasted for 400 years. Divided into three periods. The early period (794-967) was a period when laws and regulations were relaxed but continued to be used. The middle period (968- 1068) is the establishment and heyday of social politics. The later period (1069- 1 190) was the peaceful regime period of the Yuan government.

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Zhong Shi

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Kamakura era

(AD 1 185 to AD 1333)

Wu regime era with Kamakura as the national political center. It started in 1 185 (the first year of Wen Zhi) and ended in 1333 (the second year of Zhengqing and the third year of Justin), lasting 149 years. There were other theories: 1 180, 1 183, 1 192 (Yuan Laichao was appointed as a foreign general).

After defeating the Ping family, Yuan Laichao made an enemy with his younger brother Yuan Yijing at the instigation of (the then emperor). Later, the Book of Changes was transferred to Fujiwara's home in Austria, and Lai forced Fujiwara's family to kill the Book of Changes. However, two months after the death of Yijing, Fujiwara's family in Austria was destroyed by the Kamakura shogunate.

After the death of Yuanlaichao, the regime of the shogunate began to be controlled by his wife, Seiko Kitajima, and his father, Seiko Kitajima (also known as General Nini). Kitajima used the position of executive power to elevate the general, and even after the death of the third generation general, he married the noble Fujiwara and even the prince from Kyoto as the general. Since then, the shogunate regime has been led by the hereditary executive power of North Island.

Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice during the reign of North Island.

In the later period, tokugawa era gradually declined and could not be maintained. Finally, Daigo and his troops were defeated by the general and Ueno clan.

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Southern and Northern Dynasties

(A.D. 1334 to A.D. 1392)

After the elimination of the Kamakura shogunate, Weiqi Daigo carried out the first royal restoration and implemented the New Deal, which was known as the Jianwu New Deal in history. Because the New Deal did not meet the requirements of the samurai, it only reused the nobles in Kyoto, which attracted the dissatisfaction of the samurai. Among them, the first step to respect the history of general is even more dissatisfied. Although he was honored by the emperor's name, he still wanted to open a government. As a result, Ashikaga respected the teacher and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Guangming made him a general to conquer foreign countries. It's from the northern dynasty.

After Daigo abdicated, the three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor retreated to Yoshino and Yamato (now Nara Prefecture) and were used by the Southern Dynasties. At this point, the Northern and Southern Dynasties finally formed, and the history books also call it "two emperors in the south of Beijing in one day"

After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the Emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

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Muromachi era

(A.D. 1392 to A.D. 1573)

Zumu was originally a Ueno tycoon and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate general Yuanlaichao. Master Zumu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto.

The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it.

When Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance, and the authority of the shogunate went from bad to worse.

The13rd generation general Ashikaga Yi Hui was killed, and his younger brother Ashikaga Yoshiaki was founded by Oda Xintai. Later, due to opposition to Xintai's exile, the shogunate perished and officially entered the Antu Taoshan era.

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Modern Times

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Antutaoshan era

See: Japan during the Warring States Period.

(A.D. 1573 to A.D. 1603)

In the first year of Tianzheng (1573), Nobunaga gradually became the most powerful military leader in China and began to actively expand his territory. Until the tenth year of Tianzheng (1582), the Takeda family of Jiafei was eliminated, and he almost completely controlled the nearest place and the East China Sea, and extended his influence to China, Jiaxinyue, Shikoku and Hokuriku. However, in the same year, Akechi Mitsuhide launched the change of Boneng Temple, Nobuhiko Oda disappeared, Oda Nobutada, the eldest son, was forced to commit suicide, and the whole Oda clan immediately fell into chaos.

At this time, Yukio Hatoyama, the department of Oda family, defeated Akechi Mitsuhide in the battle of Yamazaki, and gained an advantage in the later family meeting. In the battle of cheap Yue the following year, he defeated another important official and successfully integrated Oda's territory.

1584, a battle broke out between Yukio Hatoyama and Tokugawa Ieyasu, a local famous soldier in the East China Sea. After some confrontation, the two sides reconciled and formed an alliance. In the same year, Osaka Castle was built, and Yukio Hatoyama took it as a base and began to plan for the reunification of the country. After four large-scale Crusades, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was given the surname by the Emperor in 1590, completed the unification of the whole country, which made Japan enter the first peaceful period in a hundred years, and the actual political center of the whole country was transferred to Toyotomi in Osaka.

Since then, Toyotomi Hideyoshi has encouraged businesses to expand their financial resources, continue to promote the work of national land inspectors and sword hunting orders, and weaken the fiefs of famous houses by various means. From 65438 to 0592, he launched two wars of aggression against Korea, which was called the War of Lu Wenqing. This war not only caused great losses to the famous western Japanese, but also caused a serious economic burden to the Toyotomi family and caused a serious division among ministers.

1598 Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the most powerful male, took control of the power center of Osaka Castle by political means, which aroused the dissatisfaction of most male celebrities and civil servants in Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 1600, disgruntled Daming attacked Tokugawa Ieyasu under the banner of Ishida Mitsunari, a civil servant, and Daming's keeper. The two sides fought in the battle of Guanyuan. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu won a great victory and became the actual ruler of this country. 1603, the emperor decreed him as a general to conquer foreign countries, thus entering the edo period.

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Edo era

Bailey landing map. 1854, American East India Fleet Commander Bailey led seven warships into Edo Bay, Japan (1603 to 1868).

See: Life in Tokugawa, Japan.

After the Edo era, Japan entered a long period of peace: Toyotomi's family died after the war in Osaka on 16 16, and the power center of the whole country was concentrated in Tokugawa's hands in Edo. By closing the country to the outside world and banning Christianity, the country was effectively managed under the feudal system centered on the edo shogunate.

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Modern, modern

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Meiji

(1868 to 19 1 1 year)

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Dazheng

(AD 19 1 1 to AD 1926)

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Showa reign

(A.D. 1926 to A.D. 1989)

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Heisei

(A.D. 1989 to present)

[edit]

see

List of Japanese emperors

Japanese culture

List of Japanese year numbers

Japanese calligraphy discipline

Continue the Japanese era

Japanese Hou Ji

Continue the post-Japanese era

Record of Emperor Wende of Japan

Records of three generations in Japan

history

Past and past

A brief history of Japan

archaism

Fengtuji

produce a male heir to carry on the family line

The legend of Prince St. Edward

Jiangmenji

Lu Ao dialect

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Page classification: pages that need attention | Japan | Japanese history