What are the three pits of Terracotta Warriors?

The plane of No.1 pit is rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. It is a tunnel-type civil building structure, with five inclined doorways at the east and west ends, and a rammed earth partition wall with a width of 10 of 2.5 meters in the tunnel. Thick beams are placed on the partition, covered with reed mats, fine mud and soil. The bottom is paved with blue bricks, and the terracotta warriors and horses in the No.1 pit are arranged according to the actual combat formation. At the eastern end of the pit is a long corridor, where there are three rows of warriors facing east, each with 70 people, ***2 10 holding crossbows. They are the vanguard of the No.1 pit army array. On the south side of the corridor, there is a row of warriors facing south, which is the right wing; There is a row of warriors facing north in the north, which is the left wing; There is a line of warriors facing west in the west, who are defenders. Armed with long-range weapons, such as crossbows, they are on alert for the whole army. In the tunnel separated by the partition wall of 1 1, 38 eastbound roads are arranged, with chariots in the middle of each road. All terracotta warriors and horses wear armor and carry long weapons. They are the main force of pit one. There are 27 exploration points in No.1 pit. According to the density of terracotta warriors and horses arranged in each exploration point, more than 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses can be unearthed after all excavations, most of which are infantry.

Pit No.2 is a rectangular military array consisting of four arms and four units, covering an area of 6,000 square meters. It is estimated that more than 65,438 terracotta figures and nearly 500 horses and pommel horses can be unearthed. The first unit, that is, the part of the vat protruding from the east side of the pit, is a small square consisting of 334 crossbowmen. The second unit, the southern half of the figurine pit, includes 1 to 8 holes. It is a square composed of 64 chariots, and each chariot has three sergeant figurines. The third unit, the middle part of the pit, including nine to eleven holes, is a square consisting of 19 chariots and 100 unarmed figurines attached to the vehicles. The fourth unit, the northern half of the figurine pit, includes 12 to 14 passing through the hole. It is a cavalry formation consisting of 6 chariots, 124 pommel horses and 65438 cavalry figurines. Four units are organically connected to form a large array, or four independent cavalry arrays can be formed separately. Four units are organically connected to form a large array, or four independent small arrays can be formed separately, with powerful functions, strong self-protection ability and rapid response.

Three of the four units in the No.2 pit were equipped with chariots, which accounted for more than half of the entire army array, proving that chariots were still the main combat force in the Qin Dynasty. The wooden chariot has been decayed for a long time, but the axles and wheels have left clear traces in the soil, and the copper components on the chariot still exist.

The third pit is 25 meters west of the second pit and 25 meters north of the first pit. The plane is concave, with an area of 520 square meters. There are only four horses, 1 car and 68 clay figurines. On its east side is an inclined doorway with a length of 1 1.2m and a width of 3.7m Corresponding to the doorway is a carriage house, and there is an east-west wing on both sides of the carriage house, namely the south wing and the north wing. A total of 64 pottery figurines have been unearthed. The arrangement of these terracotta figures is different from pits 1 and 2. The terracotta figures in pits 1 and 2 are arranged in battle formation. The weapons held by the warriors in pit 3 are also different from those in pit 1 and pit 2. The latter is equipped with long-range crossbows, spears, bows, cymbals and swords. In the melee, only one kind of bladeless weapon-copper paddle was found in the third pit. In Qin dynasty, bronze casket was a weapon specially used for ritual purposes. In the north wing, a residual antler and a pile of animal bones were also found. It may be a place dedicated to pre-war divination or prayer activities. Looking at the overall layout of the No.3 pit, it may be the headquarters of the entire underground army array-the military curtain. In China, the pottery figurines first appeared in the Warring States Period, but the pottery figurines made at that time were small in size, low in temperature and rough in production. Qin terracotta warriors and horses are not only tall, but also beautifully made, accurate in shape and extremely high in craftsmanship. The plane of No.1 pit is rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. It is a tunnel-type civil building structure, with five inclined doorways at the east and west ends, and a rammed earth partition wall with a width of 10 of 2.5 meters in the tunnel. Thick beams are placed on the partition, covered with reed mats, fine mud and soil. The bottom is paved with blue bricks, and the terracotta warriors and horses in the No.1 pit are arranged according to the actual combat formation. At the eastern end of the pit is a long corridor, where there are three rows of warriors facing east, each with 70 people, ***2 10 holding crossbows. They are the vanguard of the No.1 pit army array. On the south side of the corridor, there is a row of warriors facing south, which is the right wing; There is a row of warriors facing north in the north, which is the left wing; There is a line of warriors facing west in the west, who are defenders. Armed with long-range weapons, such as crossbows, they are on alert for the whole army. In the tunnel separated by the partition wall of 1 1, 38 eastbound roads are arranged, with chariots in the middle of each road. All terracotta warriors and horses wear armor and carry long weapons. They are the main force of pit one. There are 27 exploration points in No.1 pit. According to the density of terracotta warriors and horses arranged in each exploration point, more than 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses can be unearthed after all excavations, most of which are infantry.

Pit No.2 is a rectangular military array consisting of four arms and four units, covering an area of 6,000 square meters. It is estimated that more than 65,438 terracotta figures and nearly 500 horses and pommel horses can be unearthed. The first unit, that is, the part of the vat protruding from the east side of the pit, is a small square consisting of 334 crossbowmen. The second unit, the southern half of the figurine pit, includes 1 to 8 holes. It is a square composed of 64 chariots, and each chariot has three sergeant figurines. The third unit, the middle part of the pit, including nine to eleven holes, is a square consisting of 19 chariots and 100 unarmed figurines attached to the vehicles. The fourth unit, the northern half of the figurine pit, includes 12 to 14 passing through the hole. It is a cavalry formation consisting of 6 chariots, 124 pommel horses and 65438 cavalry figurines. Four units are organically connected to form a large array, or four independent cavalry arrays can be formed separately. Four units are organically connected to form a large array, or four independent small arrays can be formed separately, with powerful functions, strong self-protection ability and rapid response.

Three of the four units in the No.2 pit were equipped with chariots, which accounted for more than half of the entire army array, proving that chariots were still the main combat force in the Qin Dynasty. The wooden chariot has been decayed for a long time, but the axles and wheels have left clear traces in the soil, and the copper components on the chariot still exist.

The third pit is 25 meters west of the second pit and 25 meters north of the first pit. The plane is concave, with an area of 520 square meters. There are only four horses, 1 car and 68 clay figurines. On its east side is an inclined doorway with a length of 1 1.2m and a width of 3.7m Corresponding to the doorway is a carriage house, and there is an east-west wing on both sides of the carriage house, namely the south wing and the north wing. A total of 64 pottery figurines have been unearthed. The arrangement of these terracotta figures is different from pits 1 and 2. The terracotta figures in pits 1 and 2 are arranged in battle formation. The weapons held by the warriors in pit 3 are also different from those in pit 1 and pit 2. The latter is equipped with long-range crossbows, spears, bows, cymbals and swords. In the melee, only one kind of bladeless weapon-copper paddle was found in the third pit. In Qin dynasty, bronze casket was a weapon specially used for ritual purposes. In the north wing, a residual antler and a pile of animal bones were also found. It may be a place dedicated to pre-war divination or prayer activities. Looking at the overall layout of the No.3 pit, it may be the headquarters of the entire underground army array-the military curtain. In China, the pottery figurines first appeared in the Warring States Period, but the pottery figurines made at that time were small in size, low in temperature and rough in production. Qin terracotta warriors and horses are not only tall, but also beautifully made, accurate in shape and extremely high in craftsmanship.