Why is China chess a symbol of China traditional culture?

Because chess originated in China and has a long history in China.

Dr Joseph Needham, a famous British scholar, clearly pointed out in China's History of Science and Culture that chess is the creation of China people. He analyzed in detail the relationship between China's ancient game-Liubo and astronomy, iconology and mathematics. He said: "Only in China, the prevalence of Yin-Yang theory promoted the emergence of the embryonic form of chess, invented astronomical divination, and then developed into a game with military significance." Later, Soviet scholars published articles in succession, refuting the Indian origin theory. 1972 Yugoslav historian bijiv's monograph "chess-a symbol of the universe" draws the conclusion that chess first appeared in China in 569 AD, and then gradually spread.

The ancients played chess.

Modern chess style was not formed until the Song Dynasty. Cheng Hao, a Neo-Confucianist in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem about chess: "Most chess is a play, like turning over a play to learn how to fight. There are also Zhou's famous works in chariots and horses, all of which have official Chinese names. The Han army is heavy on all sides, but it is light outside the river, but it laughs at itself with its wrinkles, like Liu Xiang. " There was no mention of guns in his poems, and he was the last one to join. Of course, it was only after China invented gunpowder and firearms that it was reflected in chess.

Chess has a long history in China. During the Warring States period, there have been official records about chess, such as: "Chu Ci evokes the soul" contains "six volumes of chess; Cao Cao goes hand in hand, forcing each other; When you become a cockroach, you will seek it and you will be white. " "Shuo Yuan" contains: Yong Zhoujian said: "The first step is Wang Qian, ... Yan Dou Qi dances Zheng Nv." Therefore, as early as the Warring States period, chess became popular among nobles. According to the above situation and the shape of chess, chess was born in the southern clan areas of China around the Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century). In early China chess, the chess system consisted of three instruments: chess, chopsticks and chessboard. The two sides play chess, with six players on each side, namely: owl, Lu, pheasant, calf and stopper (two pieces). The chess pieces are carved with ivory. Bam, equivalent to dice, must be thrown before playing chess. The chessboard is a square chessboard. In the game, he threw six moves, played six games of chess, fought wits, attacked each other and killed each other. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the military system consisted of five men, one handsome man and six men. At that time, as a military training game, there were also six people on each side. It can be seen that early chess was a game symbolizing the fighting at that time. On the basis of this chess system, a kind of chess called "plug" appeared later, which only played chess without throwing chopsticks, and got rid of the element of winning by luck in early chess.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Sai Opera was quite popular, and it was also called "Wu Ge". The chessboard unearthed from the Western Han Tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province and the painted wooden figurines unearthed from the Mo Zuizi Han Tomb in Wuwei, Gansu Province can reflect the description of the shape of Sai Opera in Bian Shao's Sai Fu in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the shape of chess was constantly changing, and it had a communication relationship with India. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wudi (reigned in 56 1 ~ 578) wrote Xiang Jing, while Wang Bao wrote Xiang Xu and Xiang Jing Fu, marking the completion of the second major reform of chess.

Chess invented by Emperor Yuwen Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, chess activities were carried out steadily, which was frequently recorded in history books. Among them, the most important is the narration of Wu Zetian's dream chess in the Shiliju series "Liang Gong Jiu Jian" and the story of Censhun's dream chess in the first year of Baoying (AD 762) in Niu Senru's "The Record of Mysteries". Combining Suzhou brocade decorated with four patterns of "Qin, Qi, Calligraphy and Painting" and bronze chess pieces with figures painted on the back unearthed in Kaifeng, Henan, we can draw the conclusion that the shape of chess in Tang Dynasty is quite similar to that of early chess. The popularity of chess at that time can be seen from many records in poetry legends. The three-volume version of Xiang Bo Xiang's Opera Song may be a work of the Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was an era when chess was widely popular, and its form also changed greatly. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang's Elephant Drama in Seven Countries, His Elephant Drama Style and Chess, Chao's Elephant Drama Map and other works came out one after another, and Elephant Drama was also deeply loved by the people.

After nearly a hundred years of practice, chess became a modern pattern at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty: 32 pieces, 1 general in black and 65,438 generals in red, 2 chariots, horses, cannons, elephants and scholars, and 5 soldiers. During the Southern Song Dynasty, chess became a household name and a very popular chess activity. Writers such as Li Qingzhao and Liu Kezhuang, politicians such as Hong Zun and Wen Tianxiang all like playing chess. In the "chess to be called" formulated by the court, players account for more than half. There are professionals called "chess players" and craftsmen who play autocratic chess and chessboards. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hong Mai's Chess Classic, Chen's Chess Manual and Chen's Guang Ji also appeared.

During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, chess continued to be popular among the people, and its technical level was constantly improved. There are many summative theoretical monographs, among which the most important ones are Dreaming, Eighteen Changes of Jin Peng, The Secret of Orange, Shu Ya, Plum Blossom Music, Zhuxiangzhai Chess Manual and so on. Scholars such as Yang Shen, Tang Yin, Lang Ying, Luo Qi and Yuan Mei all like playing chess. The emergence of a large number of famous chess players shows that chess is loved by people from all walks of life.

Orange secret

After the founding of New China, chess entered a new stage of development. From 65438 to 0956, chess became a national sport. Since then, national competitions have been held almost every year. 1962 The China Qi Xiang Association, a subsidiary of the All-China Sports Federation, was established, and corresponding subordinate associations were also established in various places. Over the past 40 years, due to the promotion of mass chess activities and competitions, the level of chess has improved rapidly, and outstanding players have emerged, among which the most famous players are Yang Guanlin, Hu Ronghua, Liu Dahua, Zhao Guorong, Li Laiqun, Lv Qin and Xu Yinchuan.

The four major chess games in the world (Weiqi, China Chess, Chess and General Chess) are all related to the political system of this country. The political system reflected by chess is the feudal society in China, and it is almost a microcosm-there are palaces (9 palaces), officials (non-commissioned officers), civil servants (that is, China's chess is like an elephant, and it is forbidden to cross the river), military commanders (cars, horses, guns) and soldiers (soldiers, soldiers). Some information about other people in chess can be found in my blog.