Appreciation and Interpretation of the Original Works of "Shen Qishi" in Complete Works of Zuo Zhuan

(four years)

Notes on the title or background of a book.

This article is about Wu Zixu urging the prince of Wu to attack Chu to avenge his family, while Shen resolutely went to Qin for advice when the country was in danger. Finally, the roaring moved the king of Qin, got reinforcements, defeated Wu Jun and recovered his country, thus depicting Shen's patriotic image.

original text

In winter, Cai Hou, Woods and Tang Hou attacked Chu State. Give up the boat on Huai River and go from there to Chu. Sajima said to the son, "The son goes up and down with Han. Knowing that the ship was damaged outside the city, the big tunnel, straight axis and Ming' e were all blocked. If I attack the Han Dynasty from behind, I will be defeated. "Find and act. The man in black in Wucheng called the son-in-chief and said, "Use wood for military purposes, and I use leather. It can't last long. It is better to fight quickly. " The emperor in history called Zichang: "Chu people are evil and good at Sima." If Sima destroyed the Wu Zhou of Huaihe River and blocked the entrance of the city, it would be the only way to defeat Wu. "Children should fight quickly, otherwise it will be inevitable." To help Han and Chen, they were different from others since childhood. In the third world war, my son was often at a loss and wanted to run. The emperors in history said, "Seek stability [1]. If you run away in a difficult time, where will you enter [2]? The son must die and the first sin must be done [3]. "

To annotate ...

[1] Seek peace: seek peace and power in the country.

[2] He: Where to flee.

[3] First offense: crimes committed in the past. Say: the same as "take off".

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In winter, Cai Zhaohou, the prince of Wu He Lv and Cheng Tang Gongtong led the troops to attack Chu. They stopped at the Huaihe River, set out from Zhang Yu, and confronted the Chu army on both sides of the Hanshui River. Shen Yinxu, Sima of the State of Chu, often said, "You follow them down the Han River here, and I will lead the generals outside Fangcheng Mountain to destroy their ships, and then block the big tunnels, Zhiyuan and Ming 'e when we go back. When you cross the Hanshui River, attack them again. I will attack them from behind, and they will be defeated. "After the plan, start action. The black couple in Wucheng, Chu often said, "People in the State of Wu use wooden carts, while we use leather carts, so we can't fight for a long time. Better do it quickly. "Steve used to say," Truman hates you and likes Sima. "If Shen Sima destroyed the ships of the State of Wu by the Huaihe River and blocked the entrance of the city, it would be his credit for defeating the State of Wu alone. You must do it quickly. If you don't do this, you can't avoid disaster. " So he crossed the Hanshui River and arranged himself. From Xiaobie Mountain to Dabie Mountain. After World War III with Wu Jun, Zi often saw that things were not good and was ready to escape. Shi Di said, "The world is at peace, and you seek to seize power. Now that the country is in trouble, you run. Where can you escape? " You must fight to the death, so that you can get rid of all your past sins. "

original text

1 1 Yue Gengwu, second division Chen Yubaiju. The next morning, his brother Lu invited him, saying that he was heartless and that I had no ambition to die. If we kill him first, his soldiers will escape. Then the master succeeded. It was Dick. "Walsh. The husband said to the king, "The so-called' I do what I want, and I don't do nothing' is also true. Now that I am dead [4], Chu can enter. " Because it belongs to 5 thousand, it is the first to hit the child. The eldest son fled, Chu Shi was in chaos, and Wu Shi was defeated. Zi often runs Zheng. Emperor Shi died of his multiplication [5].

To annotate ...

[4] Death: despair.

[5] Chengguang: A chariot led by a king of Chu or a general.

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1 1 month 18, the two armies of Wu Chu ambushed in Baiju. Yes, brother. His name is Wang. Early in the morning, he came to ask He Lu for instructions and said, "Yin Nangwa, the son of Chu, is not a good man, and his men have no determination to fight to the end. If we attack them first, their soldiers will definitely escape, and then our big troops will catch up and will definitely defeat them. " He Lv didn't agree. Zhou Wang said, "The so-called' My generals will act with virtue, without waiting for orders'. That's what I said! If we fight to the death today, we will seize the capital. " So, Zhou Wang took his five thousand troops to attack Zichang's team first. When Zi Changbing fled, the Chu army was in chaos. Wu Jun trounced the Chu army. Zi often goes to Zheng. Stone died in his chariot.

original text

Wu Congchu and the Qing Dynasty attacked it. The husband said, "The trapped beast still fights. Anyone here? If you know that you will inevitably die, you will defeat me. If the helpers first know that they are free, the latter will admire them and despise their fighting spirit [7]. You can go on strike with half the effort. " From it. Beat it again. Chu people eat [8], and Wu people compete with it. Eat and then, five wars are lost.

To annotate ...

[6] Death: Fight to the death.

[7] Disappointed: No. ..

[8] For food: cooking.

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Wu Jun chased Chu Jun, arrived in Qingfa, and was preparing to attack. Zhou Wang said, "The besieged beasts will fight again, let alone people. If you fight to the death with us knowing that you will die, you will surely defeat us. If the Chu army crossing the river knows that it can escape if it crosses the river, those who cross the river behind will envy those who cross the river, and the Chu army will have no intention of fighting. You can't attack until you cross the river halfway. " He listened. Defeated the Chu army again. Chu Jun cooked, Wu Jun arrived again, and Chu Jun escaped. After dinner, Wu Jun continued to pursue ChuJun, and defeated ChuJun again in Yonghe. After five battles, Wu Jun reached the capital of Chu.

original text

At the age of nine, Zi Chu accepted his sister's advice and gave it to me. Needle Yin Valley, Wang Tongzhou and Wang Shi rushed to Wushi with elephants [9]. Wu entered Ying, and the foreman entered the palace [10]. In Zishan, I booked Yin's palace. When the husband and wife tried to attack it, they walked away in fear and the husband and wife entered it.

To annotate ...

[9] Sui: Torch.

[10] class: title, shift.

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1 1 On 28th, the king of Chu fled Du Ying with his sister Jimmy and me, and waded across Suishui on foot. Needle Yingu and the king of Chu were in the same boat. The king asked needle Yingu to force the elephant on his tail to rush into Wu Jun. On the 29th, Wu Jun entered the capital Ying and moved to live in the palace of Chu. When the king of Wu sealed Lu, he let his son Zi Shan live in Lingyin Mansion. The husband and wife wanted to attack him, and Zishan left because of fear. The husband and wife lived in Lingyin Hall.

original text

Sajima, on the other hand, came back in one breath, defeated Wu Shi and was seriously injured. Sima Chen married Lu and was ashamed to be a bird [1 1]. He said to the minister, "Who can spare my head?" Wu said humbly, "Can I be humble?" Sima said, "It's a pity that I lost my son!" All three wars hurt, saying, "It's not necessary." Sentence humble cloth [12], silently wrapped, hiding from the head [13].

To annotate ...

[1 1] bird: the same as "catching".

[12] Cloth: laying.

[13] Exemption: escape.

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Sajima Shen Yinxu retired after arriving at his resting place, defeated Wu Jun in Yonghe, and was injured himself. At the beginning, Sajima used to be a servant. He felt it was a shame to be caught by Wu Jun, so he said to his men, "Who can keep my head from being hurt by the people of Wu?" Wu Guoren said humbly, "I am a humble minister. Can I undertake this task? " Sima said: "Of course I can't reuse you in the past!" Sima San was wounded in the Third World War and said, "I am useless." Others spread out their clothes, cut off Shen Sima's head, wrapped it up, hid the body, and fled with Shen Yinxu's head.

original text

Zi Chu waded into the river and into the clouds. The king slept, stole and attacked him, and beat the king with his brother. The prince and grandson accepted it with their backs. Middle shoulder. Wang Benyun and Zhong Jian followed the example of Ji Yi and followed Xu Su [15]. Xi Gong Xin's brother, who was pregnant with the king, said, "Wang Ping killed my father and I killed his son. Isn't it okay?" Xin said, "Who dares to take revenge if you ask a minister? Your destiny, heaven also, if you die, who will you hate? " The poem says:' softness is not like Confucianism [16], firmness is not like vomiting, meanness is not like widowhood [17], and people are not afraid of strength.' Only the benevolent can do it. Bullying the weak is not brave [18]. It is unkind to take advantage of people's dates. It is unfilial to destroy the Sect and abolish the sacrifice. If you don't move your name, you don't know. It is inevitable that I will kill my daughter. "

To annotate ...

[14] in the cloud: a dream in the cloud.

Xu Su: Wake up slowly.

Ru: Swallow it.

[17] Widowed: widowed.

[18] Violation: escape.

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King Zhao of Chu crossed Suishui, crossed the Yangtze River, and then entered Yunmengze. King Zhao Chu is sleeping soundly. The robber and his brother stabbed King Zhao and Chu together, and Wang Sun blocked him with his back. But it hit the shoulder. King Zhao Chu fled to YUNDI, followed by Zhong Jian carrying Jimmy. After Wang Sun woke up slowly, he followed. Yun's younger brother, Huai, was going to kill King Zhao of Chu. He said, "King Ping killed my father and I killed his son. Is it impossible? " Xin said, "Who dares to hold a grudge when the monarch crusades against his officials? The monarch's orders are providence. If you die by providence, who do you want to bear a grudge against? " The poem says,' The soft don't swallow, and the tough don't spit. Don't bully widows, don't be afraid of * * *', only caring people will do this. Escape from * * *, bullying, this is not brave; It is not benevolence to take advantage of people's danger; Destroying clans and abandoning sacrifices is not filial piety; It is unwise to act without a proper name. If you insist on doing this, I'll kill you first. "

original text

Xindu runs with his brother's lair and the king. Wu people followed, saying, "If the descendants of Zhou were in Hanchuan, what the Chu people did [19]. Heaven lures its heart and punishes Chu, and you jump again [20]. What is Zhou Shi's crime? If you pay attention to the weekly newspaper, give me [2 1] to reward your love for the sky [22], which will benefit you. The land of Hanyang is really there. " Gonggong is in the north and Wu people are in the south. The son is like a king, fleeing from the king and being king himself, saying, "If I am with him, the king will be excused." It's unlucky to follow people. Therefore, Wu said, "So it became smaller and closer to Chu. Chu actually has it, and the world has an oath, and it has not changed today. If it's hard to give up, why bother? Deacon wasn't the only one. If the dove and Chu Jing [23] dare not disobey. " Wu people are retreating.

To annotate ...

Do: perish.

[20] Psychic: Hiding.

[2 1] stone: push.

[22] reward: success.

[23] Dove: Anding.

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Xindu and his brother Bird's Nest fled to Sui State with King Zhao of Chu. The people of Wu chased King Zhao of Chu and sent someone to tell King Sui: "The descendants of the Zhou Dynasty who were sealed in Hanshui were all destroyed by Chu. It was God's will, and the sin fell on Chu. You hid Chu's army. What happened to Zhou Shi? If you care about repaying Zhou Shi's kindness, benefiting me and fulfilling God's will, that's your kindness. You can have a sunny Hanshui world. " The king of Chu lives in the north of Sui Palace, and Wu Jun lives in the south of Sui Palace. Zizi looks like King Zhao and Chu. He fled to King Zhao and Chu, put on his clothes and said, "Give me to Wu Jun, and the king will be out of danger." When Chinese people divine good or bad luck, they say it is unlucky. As for politely refusing Wu, they said, "It's remote and narrow, and it's close to Chu, and Chu saved us. We made an oath with the Chu dynasty, which has not changed so far. How can you serve the king if you abandon them when you are in trouble? Wang Zhao is not the only one who brings sorrow to the deacon. If it is to stabilize the territory of Chu, how dare I disobey your orders? " So, Wu Jun retreated.

original text

Kuaijin's early official name was Zi Zi, and the reason was what he wanted to say to others [24]. Wang Jianzhi resigned, saying, "I dare not take the contract as an advantage." The king cut off the child's heart [25] in order to form an alliance with his followers.

To annotate ...

[24] Right: About.

[25] Heart cutting: Cut the chest skin to make it bleed.

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Qi Jin used to be a vassal of the Zi family, and once swore with the vassal states not to hand over King Zhao of Chu to the State of Wu. King Zhao of Chu asked for an alliance with Sui Jun, but he declined, saying, "I dare not seek personal gain by agreement." King Zhao and Chu cut open his chest and swore to his compatriots.

original text

At the beginning, Wu Yuan made friends with Shen [26]. When Shen died, he said, "I want to go back to Chu [27]." Shen said, "Encourage me! If the child can recover, I will definitely save him. " Shen, also like Qin, begged a teacher to say, "I sealed a team of dragons and snakes to recommend food to the country [28], and the abuse began in Chu." The more you lose your country, the more worthless you are. The minister was in a hurry and said,' If you get close to the monarch, you will be in trouble. It's uncertain whether you can catch Wu Zhi or not. It depends on your score. If Chu dies, so will your land. If you caress it with your spirit, the world will serve you. "Qin Bo said," I've heard of life. Zigu went to the museum and talked about the picture. " Yes, I said, "The widowed gentleman is in the grass and has not been subdued [29]. How dare I be safe? " Stand up, cry against the court wall, be silent day and night, and drink with a spoon for seven days. Qin Aigong wrote "no clothes" for him and took a seat at nine o'clock. Qin Shihuang was a teacher.

To annotate ...

[26] Shen: Doctor Chu, the word Baoxu, Shen is his food city.

[27] complex: the same as "overlapping", overturning and extinction.

[28] recommendation: number, meaning multiple times.

[29] V: alive.

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Wu Yuan and Shen were good friends in their early years. When Wu Yuan fled the State of Wu, he said to Shen, "I must destroy Chu." Shen said, "Do your best! If you can destroy Chu, I will be able to revive Chu. " When the king sought refuge from Qin, Shen rushed to Qin and asked Qin Aigong to send troops, saying, "Wu is a greedy wild boar and a long snake. It invaded many countries in the Central Plains, and the first one was Chu. The widowed gentleman lost his country and was trapped in the overgrown jungle. Then he sent a message: "Wu and other barbarians are insatiable by nature. If Chu is destroyed and Wu becomes your neighbor, this is a disaster on the border. The State of Wu has not yet pacified Chu, and the king can divide up the land of Chu with the State of Wu. If Chu perishes, the other part will be the king's land. If you rely on the great kindness of the king to send troops to appease Chu, Chu will serve the king from generation to generation. " Declined politely, Qin Aihong said, "I know your opinion. Please go to the hotel and have a rest. We'll give you the answer when we think about it. " Shen replied, "This widowed gentleman still lives in a jungle with weeds and no place to live. How can I rest? " Standing by the wall, I cried for a day and a night, and I didn't drink a mouthful of water for seven days. Qin Aigong was moved by his behavior, so he wrote a poem "No Clothes". Shen knocked nine heads before sitting down. So Qin Jun started the war.

Comment and analysis

This article narrates the war between Wu Chu in chronological order. Shen's way of seeking a teacher is to convince people with reason, lure them with benefits, and move them with emotion. Finally, he succeeded.

Although Shen and Wu are good friends, their views are quite different. Wu Yuan vowed to destroy Chu, and Shen made every effort to revive Chu, each with his own plans. Shen compared Wu to a "long snake", thought that Wu was insatiable, and called Chu a "superior country", which means that Wu represents barbarism and backwardness, and Chu represents civilization, so Qin should lend a helping hand to Chu.

Then Shen listed two choices that Qin faced. The first is to sit still and let Wu perish from Chu, and finally make Qin the next object to be annexed by Wu, which is obviously harmful to Qin. The second is to send troops. There are three possibilities: divide Chu with Wu, monopolize Chu with Qin, or keep Chu and let Chu bow to Qin. No matter what kind of result exists, it is beneficial to Qin. This is an inducement to the state of Qin. Then let Qin Aihong some enchanted.

In this case, Shen began to get emotional again. First, he expressed his fear of the exile of the king of Chu in words and refused to rest in the museum. Then he kept crying and refused to eat, showing a feeling that beggars would succeed. His superhuman perseverance finally moved Qin Aigong and sent Qin Jun, which also clearly showed Shen's patriotic consciousness and sincere heart. Shen's "combination of hardness and softness" and "combination of rigidity and softness" finally realized his dream of reviving Chu State.