Information about the customs of a country.

1. Thais do as the Romans do. When they come to Thailand, they should know some local customs:

1. Thais are used to "put their hands together and bow their heads to each other" and often greet each other with "Shawadhika" (meaning "hello" in Thai). When others greet you with folded hands, you should also return the gift with folded hands, otherwise it is impolite. After folding, there is no need to shake hands to greet or say goodbye, but the monk does not have to return the gift to the layman. The handshake ceremony when meeting or saying goodbye has not become popular in Thai society.

2. Myanmar should be able to accept men wearing "skirts". Burmese men wear cage clothes. We should be able to accept the local custom of eating by hand. Get used to ladies around you, their faces are covered with powder. Burmese people grind a plant into powder and apply it to their faces to protect themselves from the sun.

I'm used to Burmese talking to you with your mouth open. Burmese people like to eat betel nut wrapped in leaves, so many local people's teeth are dyed red.

There are many taboos in India. Because of different religions and regions, taboos are different.

The general taboo is: you can't face north and your feet face south when you sleep. It is said that Yan Luowang lives in the south; Avoid talking about snakes at night; Avoid pancakes on festive days; Babies should avoid looking in the mirror, otherwise they will become dumb; When the father is alive, the son should avoid wrapping himself in a headscarf and shaving his head; 3 and 13 are taboo numbers, because Shiva has three eyes, and the third eye is devastating. 13 is because there is 13 days of mourning after death; During pregnancy, women are forbidden to make clothes and take pictures; Never pass things with your left hand.

It is forbidden to smell or touch the flower buds displayed in the market, which will be rejected by people.

In India, whistling is forbidden, especially for women. In restaurants, shops and other service industries, if a liar whistles to greet a waiter, it will be regarded as a polite act that offends others' personality.

The head is the most sacred part of the Indian body, so tourists are not allowed to touch the head directly. Never pat an Indian child on the head. Indians think it will hurt children.

Don't praise children, even at a friend's house. Many Indians think that this kind of praise will attract the attention of the wicked.

Indians are forbidden to wear leather products (belts, watchbands, shoes and clothes), especially in holy places, because Hindus don't kill cows, Muslims don't brake pigs, and Jains don't have to kill people, animals or insects.

When you enter a temple or mosque in India, you should take off your shoes and cross the threshold, not step on it. When you enter the temple barefoot, you should wash your feet at the entrance in advance to show politeness.

Anyone who enters a Muslim temple is not allowed to wear shorts or sleeveless vests and is required to take off their shoes.

Anyone who enters a Sikh temple must wear a headscarf or hat first, and then take off his shoes before entering.

4. Vietnamese traditional festivals and folk customs: Like China, Vietnamese traditional festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival, among which Spring Festival is the biggest festival. Vietnam has simple folk customs and the people are civilized and polite. It is customary to greet each other, or nod, or shake hands, or hug each other according to French etiquette, mostly brothers and sisters. Deeply influenced by China culture, Viet Nam believes in Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced into Vietnam from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and after the tenth century, Buddhism was honored as the state religion. At present, there are about 20 million Buddhists in China. In addition, Catholicism has been introduced to Vietnam for more than 400 years, and there are currently more than 3 million believers, most of whom are in the south. Vietnamese people worship their ancestors and are generally superstitious about the city god and the god of wealth. Ordinary people have altar tables and incense tables, and they worship at home on holidays. Dress simply. On formal occasions, men wear suits and women wear national "robes" (similar to cheongsam) and pants. Eating habits are similar to those of some ethnic groups in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Eat with chopsticks, like to eat light, cold and sour food. It is forbidden for Vietnamese to take photos with three people. It is considered unlucky not to light a cigarette for three people with matches or lighters. Don't want people to touch your head. Don't point your feet at others when sitting on the floor.

The main ethnic groups in Vietnam, the Jing ethnic group, include Ruan, Chen, Wu and Li ethnic groups. Like China people, Vietnamese people have their surnames first and their surnames last. Most of them are single surnames with two characters, and a few are single surnames. In Vietnamese address forms, except for the first person who usually uses the neutral "I" (pronounced "right"), the second person calls "you" and the third person "he or she" has no neutral personal pronoun, and they usually address each other according to their seniority or status to show their love or respect. For example, for parents, the second person directly uses "uncle", "aunt", "uncle" and "aunt"; The third person uses "uncle" and "aunt". The Vietnamese greeting is neither "good morning, good evening" nor "hello". Goodbye is usually expressed by an upward "call". For example, saying "call comrade" means "hello comrade", and saying "call comrade" means saying "goodbye comrade" respectively. When Vietnamese address each other, they usually address each other by their surnames, and seldom by their surnames. That is considered impolite. For example, a person named Ruan Xingqiang can be called "Qiang Bo", "Qiang Shu", "Qiang Ge", "Qiang Di", "Qiang Sir" and "Qiang Comrade" according to his age and intimacy.

Clothing In ancient times, Jing people in Vietnam wore various pullovers and long skirts. In the Middle Ages, civilians wore brown cloth and officials wore blue gowns. /kloc-After the 5th century, rich people usually wear brocade and red robes when attending sacrifices and banquets, officials wear brown or black clothes, officials wear blue clothes, and civilians wear coarse clothes. After the French entered Vietnam, the clothes of civilians began to change greatly, and women put on button tops and trousers. In modern times, men in Vietnamese cities wear suits and women wear narrow oil robes. The robes of Vietnamese women can be said to be the national clothes of Vietnamese women. The upper body is tied around the waist, and the figure is prominent, which makes women look graceful, and the hem is elongated, and it opens to the waist right, which is convenient for activities. Especially when Vietnamese women wear robes, they will wear black or white wide-leg pants to mop the floor. Vietnamese women like to wear necklaces, doorsills and rings, wear long shawls or tie them behind their heads with hairpins. Yang Henuo and the beauty of teeth. Beijingers, Dai people, Thais and Eddy people in Vietnam all have a special hobby of chewing betel nuts. They often put a little lime milk or alkali on the coconut and chew it in the fire mouth, so that the die hammer will have a chemical reaction and the juice will not be swallowed and flow out along the corners of the mouth. When it is chewed, the residue will be spit out. Chewing a hammer is generally bitter first and then sweet, which can stimulate the nerves, refresh the mind, clear away the accumulation and reduce swelling. Beijingers also take Ban Lang as a pledge. No matter whether they propose marriage or treat guests, they will give him a Ban Lang. It is an ancient custom of the Jing people to chew a hammer and dye their teeth. In the past, men and women began to dye their teeth as long as they were seventeen or eighteen. According to their custom, they began to chew hammers and dye their teeth, which symbolizes that they are adults and can get married. From then on, these young men and women are free to attend any local entertainment party, take part in duets and choose their own partners. With the development of the times, this ancient style has gradually declined, but in rural Vietnam, you can still see many elderly women's teeth dyed black and shiny. In their eyes, keeping teeth as white as jade is a sign of poor quality and unhealthy style, while dyeing teeth black and bright is the most beautiful. Holidays in Vietnam also use solar and lunar calendars. Besides New Year's Day, International Labor Day and National Day, Viet Nam also celebrates Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Spring Festival. Like China people, the Lunar New Year is the biggest festival in a year. There is a folk song in Vietnam, "Red couplets with fat ginger and onion, and large banners with firecrackers." It means that the Spring Festival is coming, we should prepare rich meat dishes, cook zongba, stick red couplets at the door, fly flags in the wind and set off firecrackers. From this ballad, we can see that Vietnamese attach importance to the Spring Festival. At the turn of the new year and the old year, Vietnamese also have the habit of observing the old year. On New Year's Eve, people usually entertain soldiers with sleeping songs and pass them on to the people. The so-called drums are actually wooden barrels or steel drums. Two pillars stand at the head of the village. The bucket is tightened with hemp rope or steel wire rope and fixed on the post. Hit the rope with a stick to make it ring. Both men and women stood by, knocking and singing, laughing and singing together, and the atmosphere was cheerful and warm. Some young men and women establish feelings and love relationships by singing. Ancestors worship Vietnamese and pay attention to filial piety as other orientals. In every family, filial piety to grandparents and parents is an indispensable consciousness for children. Vietnamese worship their dead ancestors, so they attach great importance to their worship beliefs, which have been passed down from generation to generation and formed a scale. It is believed that although a relative is dead, his soul still exists, which plays a role in protecting and urging future generations and dominates everyone's activities. Many disasters in the world depend on the protection and relief of our ancestors. Every Vietnamese family has no shrine, shrine or shrine. It is an altar for ancestor worship and a holy place for ancestor worship. No one among the untouchables can be defiled. In the city, the altars are small and varied because of the narrow residence. For example, nail a board to the wall, or use the top of the cabinet as an altar to worship ancestors. There is an incense burner in the center of the altar with two incense sticks on each side. Put a wooden plate or plastic with a thin waist and red paint in front of the incense burner. The fruit in the glass plate, in addition to a pair of vases and some cups and plates used as sacrificial handles. In some families, couplets are still posted on both sides of the altar, such as "the ancestors have done meritorious deeds for generations, and the children and grandchildren have been filial to Sun Xian for thousands of years", "the house of good manners is prosperous, and Lu Fa is prosperous and prosperous" and so on.

Vietnamese people regard offering sacrifices to their ancestors as a great event to thank them for raising their thoughts. Although many families have different religious beliefs, ancestor worship cannot be ignored. Before the Spring Festival comes, the altar must be rearranged, incense sticks inserted and offerings placed. During the three days of the Spring Festival, the altar is always burning incense. Before the family reunion dinner, parents and people should pray. Vietnamese worship of ancestors is also manifested in avoiding names. Usually, children and grandchildren should avoid mentioning the names of grandparents and fathers. If some nouns in real life bear the names of grandparents and fathers, they should be avoided or replaced with synonyms. When children are young, parents don't let them know the names of their ancestors, in case the children yell and disrespect their ancestors. If you are laughed at or insulted by others pointing to your ancestors' names, those who are laughed at or insulted will think that they have been humiliated and will arouse great hatred. In recent years, anonymity is rarely used in cities, but in rural areas, this custom still exists. In addition to ancestor worship, ancient Vietnamese people generally believed in town gods, divination, astrology, geomantic omen, elves and so on. All natural objects and natural phenomena, such as rivers, lakes, mountains, trees, wild animals, wind and rain, etc. There are elves in the brain and they should be sacrificed to eliminate disasters and reduce blessings. For example, in Jinlian Village, Dongduo County, Hanoi, there is still a monument to the Mountain King dating back to 15 10. In rural areas, there are generally land gods, banyan gods, snake gods, tiger gods and village central stones. Center plate, etc. People worship the tiger in the places where it frequents. They should not offend it in words and manners, and call it the "Mountain King" in a low voice. If you meet a tiger, not only can you not kill it, but you should also offer various sacrifices. Ancient Vietnamese generally worshipped ancient trees with evergreen seasons and lush foliage. They thought that these trees, which had been attacked by storms and lightning for a long time, could survive, and there must be gods under them. Therefore, people often set up incense tables under the shade of trees, especially under banyan trees, or build temples in the open space next to trees, where Mr. Feng Shui and fortune tellers often gather.

Religious belief began in the Western Han Dynasty in China in 1 1 BC, and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were introduced into Vietnam from China, which had a great influence on Vietnam's ideology. Buddhism introduced from China is Mahayana Buddhism, which is called "Northern Sect" by Vietnamese. In addition, some Vietnamese believe in Hinayana Buddhism, which is called "Nanzong" and was introduced from Thailand and Cambodia. Among the Vietnamese who believe in religion, Buddhism accounts for the largest proportion, among which Mahayana Buddhism accounts for the majority, and there are many temples everywhere. Buddhists avoid killing and talk about karma. On major festivals and personal birthdays, people usually go to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha, present gifts and listen to monks chanting.

Catholicism was introduced into Vietnam for about 500 years. At the beginning of the century, western missionaries began to preach in Vietnam, but they were officially banned. Odrick was the first missionary to Vietnam? Badno and Francis? Two French missionaries are in Xavier. During the French period, Catholicism gained legal status in Vietnam and developed rapidly. By 1966, there were 1 1 parishes in the north and south of Vietnam, with 3 million Catholics. There are also many Christians in Vietnam, mainly in Hanoi, Haiphong, Hexi, Chengtian, Guangnan, Bolaigu and Pingshun. Christianity, a new sect split from Catholicism, was introduced into Vietnam only for nearly a hundred years, and was called "gospel" in Vietnam. 1893 Christian pastor David? Luo Lahan went to Saigon to preach, and later a priest went to Vietnam to preach, but they were all banned by the French colonial authorities. It was not until 1920 that Christianity gained a firm foothold in Vietnam.

Most of the Jing farmers in Xining, Dieshi and other places in southern Vietnam believe in Buddhism, which is called "Purdue Education in the Third Phase of Avenue" and was founded by Wu Heyu in 1926. This religion combines Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, and believes in Confucius (humanity), Jiang Taigong (Shinto), Jesus (Holy Way), Laozi (immortal way) and Buddhism (Buddhism and Taoism). Gao Tai believers can worship their ancestors, but they can't provide grass or use paper horses. They should avoid killing, greed, lust and swearing. They burn incense and chant Buddhist scripture at 6: 00, 12, 18 and 24: 00 every day.

In Anjiang, Tongtamei, Hexian, Dongchuan and other places in southern Vietnam, many people joined the Hehao religion. This religion is a variant of Buddhism. Founded by Vietnamese Huang Fuchu on 1939. Because the village where Huang Fuchu lived was called Hehe Village, it got its name, meaning filial piety and friendship. Like Buddhism, this religion also emphasizes compassion. Love, great harmony and karma, believers are mostly farmers, also known as "peasant Buddhism." He Hao teaches monks, but does not build temples. Believers worship Buddha statues twice in the morning and evening, instead of idols and Buddha statues. The offerings are flowers and clear water, flowers represent loyalty, and clear water represents purity.

During my short months in Vietnam, I was fortunate to see Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam celebrating the Southern Liberation Day. Vietnamese friends said that April 30th was the most unforgettable day for people in southern Vietnam, because1April 30th, 975, southern Vietnam was liberated.

With the approach of liberation day, cities in the south, especially Ho Chi Minh City, show a lively scene.

Bright national flags are hung in the streets and alleys, and the red flags are fluttering in the streets; All units carry out various preparatory work; The family is also beaming ... people are easily infected by this atmosphere.

The most exciting thing is that a large-scale ethnic customs park was held in Unity Square in the center of Ho Chi Minh, where you can see all kinds of customs of Vietnam, which is a microcosm of Vietnam.

Vietnam's human chess is the most special, attracting people's attention is the huge chessboard, but the most curious thing is that some people stand on the chessboard and wear marked clothes. They are "chess pieces". The offensive route of "chess pieces" is commanded by the "commander in chief" outside the court, and the method of playing chess is similar to that of China. "Chess" face to face, both sides try their best to fight each other, and the weak side is eliminated. The whole game of chess makes people feel "alive"

Swing is also a traditional program in Vietnam. According to Vietnamese friends, every temple fair is indispensable.

The swing is very big, the shelf is very high, and a long bamboo pole is covered on the rope pulling the swing, so the rope will not bend when swinging, and the arc is also large. Generally, two people can stand on the swing, and someone pulls it with a rope below. You can imagine-Vietnamese girls in elegant traditional costumes are standing on it, swinging high, and it looks like butterflies flying in the air.

"Bangbang ..." Fireworks flew one after another, followed by a lively gong and drum. Push forward, it turned out to be a water puppet show. Vietnamese water puppet show is a wonderful flower in the world puppet show garden. "Water" is the artistic life of water puppet show, and the artists of water puppet show have brought it to the extreme. With the sound of firecrackers, gongs and drums and horns, dragons, fish and turtles scrambled to jump out of the water. The animal images of these gods are shaped according to the traditional Vietnamese folk painting art, painted with raw lacquer gold powder and various colors, and look simple and lovely. In the traditional reserved programs of water puppet shows, people can see the fantastic performances of scarabs spraying water and fairies dancing with Divine Comedy.

On the built stage, traditional Vietnamese operas, including improved operas, were performed. Performers wear traditional costumes, sing ancient songs and dance rhythmically. The performance is very old and distinctive, and it is very popular with local people. Wherever you go, you will find this charming music lingering in your ears.

In the ethnic customs garden, there are also many kinds of delicious snacks with Vietnamese characteristics, such as spring rolls, rice noodles and flower rolls. Visiting there is not only a visual enjoyment, but also a kind of delicious food. More importantly, let us feel the various customs of Vietnam.

2. When addressing people's names in Thailand, the word "Kun" is added before the name, which means "Mr.", "Mrs." and "Miss".

Thais are forbidden to point their toes at others, even when sitting, which is considered impolite. Touching the other person's head or waving it on the other person's head is considered insulting and forbidden.

Thai people think that the right hand is noble, but the left hand can only be used to take some unclean things. Therefore, everyone should use his right hand to show respect when handing things to others. On more formal occasions, it should be presented with both hands, and using the left hand will be considered as contempt for others. If a woman wants to give something to a monk, she must entrust it to a man. If the gift is given by hand, the monk will open his yellow robe or towel and accept what the lady handed him, because monks are not allowed to touch women.

5. Respect religion. The temple is a sacred place recognized by the Thai people, so anyone who enters the temple must be dignified and tidy, and must not wear shorts, miniskirts, topless clothes or other inappropriate clothes. In the temple, you can wear shoes, but when you enter the Buddhist temple, you must take off your shoes and be careful not to step on the threshold. Every Buddha statue, big or small, damaged or not, is sacred. It is absolutely forbidden to climb the Buddha statue to take pictures or make disrespectful actions against the Buddha statue.

6. Respect the royal family. Portraits of kings and members of the royal family can be seen everywhere in Thailand, such as coins, paper money, calendar cards, wall charts and so on. , showing respect for the royal family. Visitors should pay attention to showing proper manners. For example, when there are royal people present in public, it is best to pay attention to other people's actions and follow suit.

7. Don't make indecent moves in public places, such as avoiding kissing, hugging or shaking hands with Thais in public places. Some beaches allow naked sunbathing, but in other places, Thais don't like this behavior. Although it does not violate the law, it violates the Buddhist concept of Thai people.

prescribe a diet

Thai people's staple food is rice, and they like to eat hot and sour. As it is hot all the year round, they are used to drinking iced tea. Thai food usually uses fresh materials, and the taste of the dishes is mainly spicy, and there are many kinds of seasonings, such as pepper, curry, rain dew, shrimp sauce, coconut milk and so on. Thai food is mostly composed of light food, including fish, vegetables and rice, plus some spices and sauces. But no matter whether the meal is rich or not, there must be soup, which is similar to the Cantonese style in China.

5. 1, Scottish men wear plaid skirts

It is rare for men to wear skirts in the world, and Scottish men are one of them. Wearing a black tweed hat, plaid skirt and socks, and bagpipes in hand, this is a dress that Scottish men are proud of. Scots love to wear plaid skirts, because different patterns of plaid represent different clans, and each clan designs a plaid skirt for itself that represents clan spirit and blood relationship. When the clan people put on their own clan plaid, they also show their pride, responsibility and loyalty.

2. Folk etiquette

The British give the impression of being conservative and humorous. English people tend to accept familiar things, and are always suspicious of new or exotic things. The British are very modest, and boasting is a sign of illiteracy. The British attach great importance to a person's sense of humor. The starting point of British humor is self-mockery, taking conceit as the enemy, and the ultimate goal is to laugh at yourself, your shortcomings, failures, difficulties and even your ideals. They don't believe in flowery words and boastful words. British people love sports, and modern sports are almost all British inventions, such as boxing, rugby, hockey and tennis.