Celebrities in the Western Han Dynasty, Their Stories and Idiom Stories

Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, fought for power and profit, and his power gradually declined. He was divided into five khans and attacked each other endlessly. Among them, Uhaanyehe was defeated by his brother Zhi Zhi Khan. Hu decided to make up with the Han Dynasty and personally appear before the emperor. Hu is the first Khan in the Central Plains. Emperor Xuan Di personally went to the outskirts of Chang 'an to meet him and held a grand banquet for him. Uhaanyehe lived in Chang 'an for more than a month. He asked Emperor Xuan Di to help him go back. Xuan Di agreed, and sent two generals to lead ten thousand cavalry to escort him to Monan. At that time, the Huns were short of food, and the Han Dynasty also sent 34,000 welcome grains. Uhaanyehe was very grateful and made up with the Han Dynasty. Hearing that the Huns and the Han Dynasty were reconciled, countries in the western regions rushed to deal with the Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, his son Liu succeeded to the throne, namely Emperor Han Yuan. The Xiongnu Khan branch invaded the western countries and killed the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty sent troops to Kangzhou and killed Zhi Zhi Khan. When Zhikhan dies, his position will be stable. In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe came to Chang 'an again and asked for marriage. Xu. In the Han Dynasty, Huns and their relatives had to choose the princess or the daughter of the imperial clan. This time, Emperor Han Yuan decided to choose a maid-in-waiting for him. He sent a message to the harem: "Whoever wants to go to Xiongnu, the emperor will treat her as a princess." The ladies in the harem are all selected from the people. As soon as they enter the palace, they are like caged birds, hoping to let them out of the palace one day. But I don't want to leave my country for Xiongnu. There was a maid-in-waiting named Wang Qiang and Zhaojun. She was beautiful and knowledgeable. Volunteer to kiss Xiongnu. Yuan Di married Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun in Chang 'an. When Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun thanked Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu saw that Zhaojun was beautiful and generous, making the Han Palace colorful. Legend has it that when Emperor Han Yuan returned to the Inner Palace, the more he thought about it, the more annoyed he became. He had the portrait of Zhao Jun taken from the portrait of the maid-in-waiting. Although it looks a bit like it, it is not as cute as Zhao Jun himself. It turns out that ladies-in-waiting usually don't see the emperor after entering the palace, but painters draw portraits and give them to the emperor for selection. There is a painter named Mao Yanshou. When he painted the portrait of the maid-in-waiting, the maid-in-waiting gave him some gifts, and he painted it beautifully. Wang Zhaojun didn't want to give gifts, so Mao Yanshou didn't describe Wang Zhaojun's beauty truthfully. Emperor Han Yuan was very angry and killed Mao Yanshou. Wang Zhaojun left Chang 'an under the escort of Han and Xiongnu officials. Riding a horse and braving the biting wind, she came all the way to Xiongnu and became the E Shi of Uhaanyehe. E Shi was named "Hu Ning", hoping that she could bring peace and tranquility to Xiongnu, and let Zhaojun stay away from his hometown and settle in Xiongnu for a long time. She advised Uhaanyehe not to wage war, and passed on the Central Plains culture to the Huns. After that, the Huns and the Han Dynasty lived in harmony, and there was no war for more than 60 years. It is commendable that after Uhaanyehe's death, she married E Shi's eldest son, Uhaanyehe's eldest son. Although this contradicts the ethical concept of the Central Plains, she values the friendship between Han and Xiongnu from the overall situation. Wang Zhaojun gave birth to a boy and two girls in Xiongnu. The year of Zhao Jun's birth and death is not recorded in the history books.

Zhuo Wenjun

Zhuo Wenjun was born in the Han Dynasty. He was born in a wealthy family in Lin Qiong, Sichuan, and he raised Jinshan Yinshan. She looks like a distant mountain, looks like a lotus flower, is familiar with piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, got married at the age of seventeen, and returned to her mother's house six months after her husband died. At this time, a poor boy came to Zhuo's house and played the famous "Phoenix Begging for Phoenix" with the famous "Green Chyi Chin", which provoked the heart of the 17-year-old widow and went to see him in the middle of the night. The next day, he simply ran to the hometown of the poor boy in Chengdu. Of course, we all know that this poor boy is Sima Xiangru, a famous genius in the Western Han Dynasty. But Zhuo Wenjun didn't know it at the time. She was busy cleaning up Sima Xiangru's mess.

Sima Xiangru' s lofty sentiments are not diminished, and the wine is drunk today; Zhuo Wenjun also put on a cloth skirt and started a new life. A few months later, they simply sold their horses and chariots and returned to Lin Qiong to open a small restaurant. Zhuo Wenjun wore light makeup. When selling wine, Sima Xiangru put on calf nose pants, washed dishes with the bartender and servants, and ran errands in the fields.

Zhuo Wenjun is a rare woman who doesn't advocate vanity. Sima Xiangru is also a rare scholar who doesn't feel inferior at all. The small hotel run by this talented and beautiful woman is well-known and crowded, forcing Zhuo Wangsun to give them one hundred children and servants, one million dollars, and also prepared a dowry to accept the son-in-law who cooked raw rice into mature rice. From then on, the young couple lived a leisurely life of drinking and playing the piano all day.

At this time, Sima Xiangru wrote the brilliant Zi Xufu and Shang. The ambitious emperor marveled at heaven and man, and worshipped Sima Xiangru as a corps commander, and later worshipped him as a corps commander. Sima Xiangru's glorious return really made his father-in-law Zhuo Wangsun look good.

Queen Mother West Bean

Empress Han Wendi, the mother of Emperor Han Jingdi. He was born in poverty and was elected to the palace. When distributing some ladies-in-waiting to princes, Dou was distributed to Emperor Wendi. He and Emperor Wendi have a daughter and two men. His eldest son, Liu Qi, was later Emperor Han Jingdi, and his youngest son, Liu Wu, was his favorite.

Dou Taihou was blind in his later period and liked the technique of Huang Lao, so Jingdi and Dou brothers had to read Lao Zi to respect the technique of Huang Lao. "Huang Lao" refers to the Yellow Emperor and Lao Zi, and Taoism also respects Huang Lao as the ancestor, and advocates inaction and tolerance for others. The Dou family experienced three dynasties: Wendi, Jingdi and Wudi, and the history called the reign of Wendi and Jingdi as "the rule of Wenjing".

The premise of Dou Taihou's thought of governing the country by Taoism is that after Deng Bai's Rebellion in the Western Han Dynasty, he found that his current national strength was not enough to confront or even destroy the Xiongnu regime in the north at that time, and the country had just experienced a war, and it was urgent to restore the national economy to develop production. Therefore, since the reign of Wen and Jing, the central government of the Western Han Dynasty has generally promoted the idea of governing the country by Huang Lao. The basic policies for the national economy have been fully implemented. Although disturbed by the rebellion of the seven countries, the overall economic situation of the country has irreversibly embarked on the track of benign development. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the country's economic strength was unprecedented and it had the strength to compete with the Xiongnu regime in the north. But at this time, Dou Taihou made a judgment: If we go to war at this time, we can't win, but we may destroy the accumulated achievements since Wenjing. Some ministers were puzzled, and the Queen Mother then made an analysis: Although the country's economic strength has greatly increased, the foundation of development achievements is still very shallow, and it is easy to be shaken by large-scale wars. Moreover, the army building at that time was slack because of the premise of developing the economy, and the training of the army and the selection of generals were slack; Besides, at this time, the strength of Xiongnu has not been weakened, and its military combat effectiveness is very strong. Moreover, if the Huns attack in the north, it is impossible to annihilate without a strong cavalry force. Moreover, at that time, the horse industry in the Western Han Dynasty was relatively loose, and the horse was not as bloody as the Xiongnu BMW. More importantly, the Western Han Dynasty has not yet contacted the Western Regions. Once he sends his troops, he will fight alone, and the intelligence inside the Huns will be unstable. Combining these factors, although the Han Dynasty was already very powerful, it was also the reason why Emperor Wudi's requests for sending troops were rejected several times.

a surname

Zhao, formerly known as the Empress of the Western Han Dynasty, was also the Empress Dowager of the Han Dynasty. Zhao is a legend in the history of China. There are few descriptions of her in Hanshu, but there are many records about her in unofficial history. In the folk and history of China, she is famous for her beauty. The so-called "being fat and thin" is about her harmony, and being thin is usually used to describe a kind of frivolous beauty.

Once, on a boat in the lake, Zhao almost fell off the boat while dancing. The emperor hurriedly asked someone to hold her, and the skirt was torn. Later, many people imitated Zhao's practice and deliberately left a gap at the back of the skirt, and named it "Lingxian skirt". As soon as people walk up, they can vaguely see their legs. Now the skirt is split at the back, which is said to have been handed down at this time. Zhao can be said to be the most outstanding and famous dancer in ancient China, and also the slimmest and most beautiful dancer.

Beauty. When Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised the beauty of Yang Guifei when he wrote "Three Chapters of Qingpingdiao", one of them said, "Ask who the Han Palace looks like and pity the new makeup of Feiyan." Jueju It can be seen that her beauty occupies an absolute place in the heart of the great poet Li Bai. Scholars in China mentioned her name more often when they wrote poems, and created many novels, poems, paintings and other literary works with Zhao as the theme. Xu Ning, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the following inscription in Han Gong Qu:

Jade frost flows in front of the watercolor flute, and Zhao Jiafei waits on Zhaoyang. Dancing in the palm of your hand, the sound of the flute is absolutely unique, and the autumn night in the thirty-six houses is long.

Therefore, her exquisite dancing skills are widely recited and carried forward. Zhao deserves to be regarded as the most outstanding dancer in ancient China.

Zhao Hede

Zhao's sister is beautiful and plump, and she is also very popular with the emperor. The emperor called Zhao Hede "the land of tenderness". This is also an adjective now.

Zhao Chuan published by Han in Gentle Township: Emperor Xian of Han likes Zhao's sister Zhao Hede very much and is addicted to Zhao's sisters. Emperor Cheng said that he would rather die in a gentle village than pursue Bai Yunxiang (a fairyland) like Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

Yin Lihua

Yin Lihua is a very important person and doesn't want to argue with others for a short time. In the third year of Han Yongping, a minister asked Queen Yili to stand, but Ming Di remained silent. However, Yin Lihua, who has become the empress dowager, said, "Ma Guiren is a man" (see "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Ji Mingde Ma Huanghou"), and the empress dowager opened her mouth, leaving many courtiers and concubines in the harem speechless. Ma Guiren is the youngest daughter of Ma Yuan, a general of Fu Bo who made great contributions to the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty. She is famous for her "Ma Gai Shen". Ma Guiren entered the uterus in her teens, and she is the best candidate for the queen regardless of her appearance and appearance. But when she was a prince, she was accompanied by the emperor, but she never gave birth to a son and a half. There are other concubines around Ming Di, such as Yin Guiren and Jia Guiren, and this Yin Guiren belongs to the Yin family. Yin Lihua did not take advantage of the rights of his empress dowager and the fact that Ma Shi was infertile to push the Yin nobles of his family to a lower position. On the contrary, he put the overall situation first and supported Ma Yuan's daughter, who has both ability and political integrity. This is extremely valuable. Throughout the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is a major feature of the politics of the Han Dynasty that the families of the later Han Dynasty dominated the political affairs and sought personal gain for their own families. The Yin family not only followed Emperor Guangwu all his life, but also put another Ming Ma De, who was praised by later historians as the "Empress of Immortals", on the back of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a generation of sages, Mingde Ma Huanghou had a far-reaching influence on the Ming and Zhang regimes.

Lv Zhi

Empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (reigned from 202 BC to 195 BC) was honored as Empress Dowager (from 65438 BC to 180 BC) after Gaozu's death. She is the first recorded queen and empress dowager in the history of China. Also known as Empress Henkel, Empress Lv Hou and Empress Lu. At the same time, Lv Zhi was also the first female in the feudal dynasty who had mastered the Han regime 16 years.

Lv Hou is resourceful. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou helped Liu Bang kill Han Xin, Peng Yue and other half-recruited kings, eliminated the separatist forces and consolidated the unified situation. 195 years ago, Liu Bang died, Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty was established, Lv Hou was honored as the Empress Dowager, and Emperor Hui was weak. Actually, Lv Hou is in charge. 188 years ago, Beng and Shaodi were eight years old. Emperor Shao complained that his biological mother was killed by Lv Hou. So Lv Hou killed the young emperor and made Liu Yi, the king of Changshan, emperor. Lv Hou has been in power 16 years. She was the first of three female rulers in China history (Lv Hou, Empress Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager Cixi). During Lv Hou's reign, the politics of Huang Lao, which originated from Liu Bang's recuperation, was further promoted. When Liu Bang was dying, Lv Hou asked about the arrangement behind Liu Bang. She asked Xiao He who would succeed after Guo Xiang, and Liu Bang told Cao Can to succeed. After Cao Can, there were mausoleums and Chen Ping, but they could not be independent. Frequency is honest and honest, and his culture is not high. If there is a crisis in Liu Tianxia, it will be the savior of Liu Tianxia, and he can be appointed as Qiu. Although Lv Hou actually came to power, she abided by the wills arranged by important people before Liu Bang's death, and successively reused founding heroes such as Xiao He, Cao Can, Tomb, Chen Ping and Zhou Bo. And these ministers govern by doing nothing, conform to public opinion and never serve the people. Economically, light taxes are implemented. Implement a liberal policy towards industry and commerce. During the reign of Lv Hou, no matter in politics, legal system, economy, ideology and culture, it laid a solid foundation for "the rule of culture and scenery".

Lv Hou has the demeanor of a politician. The Huns used Liu Bang's death to write a book to humiliate Lv Hou, saying, "Your husband died, and so did my wife. The two hosts are unhappy, so there is nothing to worry about. They are willing to take everything and have nothing to lose. " Lv Hou adopted Lu Bu's idea, suppressed his anger and calmly replied: "I am old, abandoned, my teeth have deteriorated, and it is inconvenient to walk." Then he gave the horses and chariots, declined politely, and finally turned the war into friendship. Feeling ashamed and disrespectful, the Huns sent messengers to apologize to the Han Dynasty.

In his later years, because there were no descendants, he was afraid that the descendants of Gaozu would bully Lu, so he sealed Lu's consorts as Hou. 180 years ago, Lv Hou collapsed and was buried in Changling with Emperor Gaozu at the age of 62. Zhu Lu wants to mess up, and Zhou Bo and Chen Ping are equal to punishing him.

Historians in ancient China could not get rid of Confucianism when evaluating history. Over the past two thousand years, Confucianism has become the iron ruler to evaluate the merits and demerits of history. We are fortunate to live in an era of active thinking, which enables us to analyze and discuss history from a new angle. I think when commenting on historical figures, we should not follow the previous views, but should comment on the influence of historical figures at that time and later. The so-called "the people are the sky, the country is the second, and the monarch is light." As long as he was kind to the people and governed the country well, whether it was a woman or a man, people's life was the most important, and private life was secondary.

Lv Zhi, resourceful and ruthless, played a great role in Liu Bang's exile of princes with different surnames. In the tenth year of Emperor Gaudi (before 197), Shang Chen rebelled, Liu Bangling led the troops to pacify, and Lv Zhi stayed in Chang 'an. Hearing that Han Xin was plotting to cheat and forgive the world's officials and slaves, he sent troops to cooperate with Chen, so he negotiated with Xiao He, lured Han Xin into the palace, executed him and destroyed three families. Liu Bang attacked Chen Si and went to Handan to enlist Peng Yue. Peng Yue refused to go because of illness, so he was abolished as Shu Ren by Liu Bang and moved to Shu. Lv Hou thought there was no legacy and ordered people to falsely accuse Peng Yue of rebellion and destroy his family.

Lv Housheng, Emperor Liu Ying, Princess Luyuan. Liu Bang suspected that Liu Ying was weak and had planned to make Mrs. Qi's son Ruyi Zhao a prince. Because of the minister's opposition, he tried his best to help Liu, but the matter of abolishing the prince failed. After Liu Bang's death, Lv Zhi treated Hui Di as a young man, fearing that the hero would not accept it, and plotted to punish all the generals; Later, I was afraid that the general would have soldiers and dared not do it. She was poisoned, cut off Mrs Qi's hands and feet, gouged out her eyes, smoked her ears, drugged her to make her dumb, and then put her in the toilet. This is the so-called "shemale". For Liu's other kings, they also killed them. I am very dissatisfied with what Lu has done. After the death of depression, Lv Zhi established himself as king in the imperial court, made his nephews Lu Tai, Lu Chan and Lv Lu as kings, used his power at will, excluded the old ministers such as the tomb, and promoted his cronies. However, during the eight-year period of its system, it continued to implement the policy of sharing information with the people since Emperor Gaozu, rewarded farming, and abolished harsh laws such as crimes and bad words of three ethnic groups. Therefore, people's lives are relatively stable and the broken social economy has been restored.

Because Liu Bang once swore to his ministers that "Liu is not the king" and made Zhu Lu king, he was strongly opposed by Liu's imperial clan and ministers. When she was dying, she warned Zhu Lu to deploy contingency, ordered Lv Lu to lead the northern army, and Lu Chan to live in the southern army, and strictly controlled the guards in the capital and the palace. After his death, Zhu Lu planned a rebellion, which was quickly wiped out by Qiu, the prime minister and Zhu Liuzhang.