Which of the four ancient bridges in China is located in Chaozhou, Guangdong? Tr

Guangji Bridge, outside the east gate of Chaozhou City, is located on the rolling Han River, with Bijia Mountain in the east, urban area in the east, Phoenix Island in the south and Jinguangji Bridge in the north [1]. The scenery is magnificent and charming.

Guangji Bridge, with its unique style of "eighteen shuttles and twenty-four continents", is called the four ancient bridges in China together with Zhao Zhouqiao, Luoyang Bridge and Lugou Bridge. It was once praised by Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, as "the earliest opening and closing bridge in the world".

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history

Guangji Bridge, commonly known as Xiangzi Bridge, was built by Ceng Jiang (11), the satrap of the Song trunk road for seven years. It was originally a pontoon bridge, and it was named "Jikang Bridge" because it connected 86 huge ships. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), the pontoon was washed away by the flood, and the magistrate Chang Wei rebuilt it, and built a pavilion on the west bank to start the construction of the west bank wharf. During the fifty-four years from the first year of Shaoding (1 194), officials such as,, Wang, Ding Yunyuan, Sun, etc. Among them, in the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Ding Yunyuan, the magistrate, built the largest bridge with the most achievements, and renamed the West Bridge "Dinggong Bridge". In the fifth year of Lugou Bridge (1 194), the satrap Shen Jian "Gaixiuting" and called the East Bridge "Jichuan Bridge". Subsequently, the prefect Chen Honggui, Lin Bu and Lin Hui were built one after another. Until the completion of the East-West Bridge in the second year of Kathy (650), the middle was still connected in an upright way, forming the basic pattern of combining the beam bridge with the pontoon bridge.

From the end of Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, Guangji Bridge was revived and abolished many times. In the tenth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435), the magistrate Roy presided over the unprecedented "rockfill reconstruction". After completion, "there are ten piers and nine holes in the west bank, with a total length of 49 feet and five; Thirteen piers and twelve caves on the east coast, with a total length of 86; Hollow is twenty-seven feet and three feet, and four boats are pontoons. There are 126 pavilions on the bridge, which was renamed Guangji Bridge.

In the eighth year of Zheng De (15 13), Tan Lun, the magistrate, added another wharf and reduced six Upright boats, forming a unique style of "eighteen shuttles and twenty-four continents".

In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), Zhang Ziqian, the magistrate, built Guangji Bridge to save the town bridge from the water, and cast two sacrificial cows, which were divided into eight blocks of West Bridge and twelve piers of East Bridge. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), Dongdun Tieniu fell into the river.

Therefore, there is a folk song: "Chaozhou Xiangqiao is very romantic, 24 continents and 24 terraces 18 boat, two animals, and Niu Yi only walks".

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condition

Guangji Bridge is also the earliest existing large stone bridge with movable switch.

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Detailed history of Guangji Bridge

Chaozhou Guangji Bridge was the main road of the Southern Song Dynasty in A.D. 1 17 1. It is named "Jikang Bridge" because there are six boats in eighty, which connect the east and west banks of the river with rocks in the middle.

A.D. 1 174, in the first year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty, in the summer of Wujia, the Hanjiang River rose and half the boats on Jikang Bridge floated away. In the well-known years, Changyi restored them, built 106 boat on the bridge, and together with the rest of the capital, built a street pavilion on the right bank, named "Hanyang Pavilion", which is regarded as the present landscape.

1 179. In the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Jian was called "Yingmen", which was called "Shan Zhi Begonia" on the left and "Zhou Nan Wonder" on the right. Add Stone Island II, which used to be three, and build a pavilion on it, which is called "Curling" in the east, "Meeting" in the west and "Little Penglai" in the middle.

1 180, in the seventh year of the southern song dynasty, Wang was sentenced to add a new continent, a few steps away from the west bank, giant trees crossed, boats and rafts descended, and there was no danger of conflict with floating beams at first.

1 189, in the sixteenth year of Shao Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was known as Ding Yunyuan, and floating beams were built, which increased the number of four continents in the West Bank to eight, and a beautiful house was built on it, which was called "Dinghou Bridge".

1 196, in the second year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was known that Chen Honggui, who was in charge of Chenzhou, benefited from Dongan State II, and was built like a fixed-thickness bridge, which was later expanded to be called "Jichuan Bridge". What is even more impressive is to say "Jichuan Pavilion" to stop passers-by. After the pavilion, it is called "Jiansi Hall".

1 198, the fourth year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, it is well known that the forest drifts across Jichuan Bridge and adds four continents, which is more beautiful than the West Bridge. In the tidal world, the road is clear. Donate money to build stones to facilitate communication.

1203, in the winter of Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jichuan Bridge caught fire and was a pavilion. Zhao Zhifu quickly spread the word of the horse, adding the former site of Shizhou, building houses, brick urns and pavilions near the bridge, which is still famous. The title of this big book is Ping, and assistant minister Chen Shu also wrote.

1206, in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Fuzhou Forest Association, known as the year, connected with the west of Chuanqiao Bridge, built five more Zhou Shi, restored one of the old ones, and built houses with bricks and urns. Bian was called "Little Penglai" because of Zhu Hou's old name.

1228, in the first year of Shaoding in Southern Song Dynasty, Sun Fuding in Longxi set Houqiao East and built 20 states.

A.D. 1234, in the early stage of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty, Ye Guan, Zhi Zhou and Qiao repeatedly crossed the stream, and the pavilions and houses were all flawed. Zhao Ruyu, the judge, was ordered to supervise the work, learn from it as a whole and make a new one. The "Jade Mirror" of Zhongping was against "Little Penglai". There are also two pavilions, facing north, which read "leap" and are places for saints; Facing south, it is said that "hairpin" is the place where owners practice.

In A.D. 1233, iron cables were used on the pontoon bridge. Less than six years, Meikou clashed, demanding to sell soldiers hastily, and the vines that were easy to walk became bad. During the reign of Kaiqingyuan (A.D. 1259), 24 new ships and 70 iron chains were built in the forest, which ran through the flank, so it can last forever.

A.D. 1262 The scenery was set in the Southern Song Dynasty for three years, and the pavilions and terraces of the boat disappeared in a blink of an eye. It is well known that the bridge has been rebuilt again, the site has been rebuilt and the materials have been updated. This bridge is very spectacular. Bangren built Jichuan Bridge and visited Housheng Temple.

1298, in the second year of Yuan Dade, he was in charge of Dazhong Yili (Mongolian) and built a bridge pavilion, which was damaged by rapids.

1306, in the tenth year of Yuan Dade, Yuan De, the general manager, restored the stone tablet and rebuilt the pavilion.

In A.D. 1326, Thailand served for three years, and the judge bought it (Mongolian). It's easy to use stone tablets. Only four rooms have been built, and pavilions are ready. Suddenly, the first stone tablet was folded up overnight.

In a.d. 1332, in the third year from Yuan to Shun, a stone tablet was broken again, and three people drowned. This road (called Chaozhou Chaozhou Road in Yuan Dynasty) is full of people who know Harman (Mongolian) like the back of their hands. They donate their salaries and doves work together to build pavilions over wooden beams, and people who come and go are not afraid to tremble.

From 1344 yuan to Zhengsi, the court sentenced Qiao Xian to build a bridge and build a pavilion bridge. Because it is located in the west of the bridge, it was named "Hanyang Pavilion".

In the tenth year of Xuande 1435, Longyan Roy was the magistrate of Chaozhou and presided over the unprecedented reconstruction of Guangji Bridge. "Every dock was destroyed, and there was a company.

Chaozhou Guangji Bridge (block 65,438+00) is composed of rocks, but it was interrupted by Liang Shi, and the giant was reinforced with the stem of the southern pole. However, due to the tide, Upright and iron cable were still erected, so there was no fear of drowning. Above the bridge are 126 pavilions. Under the house and above the beam, there are thick plates. The plates are spread on the second floor and sealed with ash, which can shelter from the wind and rain and prevent them from returning to Beijing. "(The Story of Guangji Bridge in Yao Ming) 12 Gao Bao was also built between the pavilions on the bridge in order to enjoy the magnificent tour. In the middle of the river, 24 ships are still connected to form a pontoon bridge. After the completion of the bridge, it is extremely majestic, grand in scale and representative in shape, reaching the peak in the history of Guangji Bridge. After the completion of the bridge, it was renamed "Guangji Bridge".

1470 in the sixth year of Ming Chenghua, Xie Guang, the magistrate, rebuilt the pavilion of Guangji Bridge, sold the wasteland of Mengshan and Baoding, and entered Ningbo Temple to repair the bridge.

1497, in the tenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, Tongzhi Chefen rebuilt Zhou Shi Sanliang and built 20 pavilions.

In A.D. 15 10, in the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty, the magistrate Zheng Shangting turned the beam into a stone, left the work unfinished, got rid of worries, and the magistrate talked about ethics and continued his studies.

1530, in the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Qiu Qiren, the magistrate, set up pavilions in the east and west of the bridge for passengers to rest, and the north and south sides of the bridge were covered with gray stone pillars. Kill four floating beams, forty-four bridge drivers and ten ferry drivers, and each of them will pay five silver dollars, which is the replacement fee. The pattern of "eighteen shuttles and twenty-four continents" has since formed. Since its establishment, * * * has lasted for 359 years.

1546, in the twenty-fifth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, the floating beam was broken and the magistrate Guo Chunzhen rebuilt it. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Guangdong visited Cai, built Guangji Bridge and Liang Shi, and built Caigong Temple.

In the seventh year of Shunzhi in A.D. 1650, Zheng Chenggong surrounded Chaozhou City, but he couldn't attack it for a long time, and Guangji Bridge was burned down by fire. The company commander Cai yuan repaired it.

Shunzhi ten years 1653, Haoshang Jiuchao Town, anti-Qing and regained sight. Geng Jimao, a general of the Qing army, led 100,000 Manchu soldiers to surround Chaozhou City. Guangji Bridge was destroyed by soldiers again and Cai Yuan rebuilt it.

167 1 year, in the tenth year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty, he learned Taoism late, and the magistrate Song Zhengbi built a bridge. In the twelfth year of Kangxi, in August, hurricane and heavy rain destroyed houses and Guangji Bridge. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, on the night of August 24, the West Bank Bridge roared like an ox, and the stone pier suddenly fell, so the magistrate learned to build the bridge.

1685 In the 24th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi, Governor Wu Xingzuo donated 10,000 yuan to rebuild Guangji Bridge.

In A.D. 1724, in the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Zhang Ziqian, the magistrate, advocated gentry and literati to build stone piers. Throw two cows and row the east and west banks for flood control.

1728, in the sixth year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty, the magistrate Hu Xun built the wharf.

A.D. 1842 July flood in Daoguang, Qing Dynasty, resulted in six stone piers on the east bank, two of which were damaged and one was damaged. The third is the stone pier on the west bank. Wooden bridges and stone bridges have disappeared. One cow loses one.

In the 23rd year of Daoguang in A.D. 1843, the magistrate Jueluo asked the officials and gentry to donate money to build a bridge, which became three piers on the west coast, rebuilt 42 ships in Upright, and jointly built Upright 18 ships to reach the east coast.

In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang 1847, Qiu, a salt merchant in Jiaying, donated thousands of dollars to support Fujian people and became an east coast wharf. So Wu Jun, the magistrate, donated money and continued to build Shidun III. The remaining five piers: Businessman Zhu and others donated money to repair one pier. Lin Zifu and others in Mi Shang donated to build a wharf. Salt merchants from Jiaying, Pingyuan and Zhenping donated a wharf. Haiyan households in Chaoqiao built docks. The gentry in the county set up a bureau to persuade donations to build the pier. And with Rao Ping, Yang Zhong and others. Wooden beam is the second donation, belonging to the manager Qiu. Wu Jun took office, and the magistrate donated enough money. Completed in May, 29.

187 1 year, ten years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the east coast wharf was rebuilt after the flood, and the company commander Fang Yao led the gentry to donate repairs. After the pier is completed, it is convenient to use wood and stone, and the pier is high and deep.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (AD 1929), the pontoon bridge was cancelled and used as a suspension bridge, but it was abandoned once it was opened to traffic.

With the change of history, at the beginning of liberation, the number of piers of Guangji Bridge was reduced to 20, 19 holes. The total length of the bridge is 5 1 7.95m, of which 12 piers on the east bank, 12 abutments and12 holes are 283.4m long, and 8 piers on the west bank, with 7 holes, are173.3m long and 5m wide in the middle.

1958, the people's government overhauled Guangji Bridge, dismantled the original shuttle boat, built two double-column piers (high pile caps), supported by steel beams, paved roads and connected the East-West Bridge. After the renovation, the original old stone pier will be preserved, and the reinforced pavement will be paved on the old Liang Shi. The road was originally five meters wide, but later it was widened to seven meters. Pedestrian walkways have been added on both sides, and there are lattice railings and lamp posts outside the road. Even the East-West Bridge is a bridge. Cars pass through the bridge and go directly to all parts of Fujian and Zhejiang, making it convenient to travel.

1977 expanded again. The original 7-meter bridge deck was used as a roadway, and the two sides of the bridge were widened by 2 meters as sidewalks.

1988 In March, due to its great historical, artistic and scientific value, Guangji Bridge was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

1989165438+10 In October, Chaozhou Municipal Government built a modern Hanjiang Bridge one kilometer downstream of Guangji Bridge, thus ending the historical mission of Guangji Bridge as a traffic link and providing a prerequisite for its comprehensive restoration.

From 65438 to 0990, National Cultural Heritage Administration hosted the "Demonstration Meeting on the Restoration of Chaozhou Guangji Bridge" in Chaozhou, which started the restoration of the ancient bridge.

In July, 20001year, Chaozhou Municipal Government reported the maintenance plan of Chaozhou Guangji Bridge to the Provincial Department of Culture and National Cultural Heritage Administration. In February of the same year, it was officially approved by the Cultural Relics Bureau.

Zong Yirao [2] In April 2002, the Chaozhou Municipal Government decided to set up the "Chaozhou Guangji Bridge Maintenance Committee" to co-ordinate the bridge maintenance work, and hired national experts on cultural relics and ancient buildings and respected Chaozhou folks at home and abroad as consultants. Luo, Yang Yuzhu, Wu Qingzhou, Mr. Li Ka-shing, Tsung i Jao and he accepted the employment with pleasure.

In June 2003, the maintenance project of Guangji Bridge officially started. The project is based on the principle of repairing the old as the old, and the design basis is to reproduce the style of the Ming Dynasty. Its function is positioned as a tourist walking bridge, which will be implemented in two phases: the first phase is to strengthen the pier, repair the bridge deck and 18 shuttle boats; The second phase will restore the pavilions on the bridge. After several years of hard work, the project was completed in June 2007.

On September 20, 2007, the fully restored Guangji Bridge was officially opened to tourists.

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trait

The combination of beam and ship makes Guangji Bridge form its own three characteristics.

I. "Eighteen Shuttles and Twenty-four Continents"

The combination of beam and ship, rigid-flexible combination, dynamic-static combination and ups and downs is a major feature of Guangji Bridge. The east and west sections of the bridge are beam bridges integrating pavilions and beauty, and in the middle is a pontoon bridge woven with reeds and spanning the rainbow. This is simply a wonderful scenery. There is a poem between Qingganlong: "Xiangjiang River is full of spring water, and eighteen shuttles lock the bridge." "Xiangqiao Spring" therefore ranks first among the "Eight Scenes of Chaozhou". Structurally, the combination of beam and ship is the first open-close bridge in the world. The main function of opening and closing is navigation and flood discharge. Guangdong Capsule records: "Jichuan Bridge outside the East Gate of Chaozhou ... sooner or later."

Open to pass the boat chess. "And whenever the Hanjiang River floods, you can untie the pontoon bridge and let the raging flood pour down. There are also checkpoints. " Counties and counties take Guangji Bridge as the only way for salt boats to collect salt taxes. "Later, the superior even sent someone to take charge of Chaozhou House. According to local records," In the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1725), salt was transported to Chaozhou, and the magistrate was in charge of bridge affairs, while the east coast belonged to traffic and the west coast belonged to Chaozhou House to check customs duties. "

Second, "24 Balcony 24"

In the basic stage of Guangji Bridge, there were measures to build pavilions and "build Han houses" on the piers, and named them "Curling" and "Jade Mirror". During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the magistrate Roy not only built 126 pavilions on a bridge more than 500 meters long, but also built towers on various piers, and used wonders, wide reliefs, Lingxiao, Deng Ying, Deyue, Chaoxian, Chengsi, Feiyue, Shechuan, Youtong, Zuoda, Jichuan, Qu Yun, Curling and Zuoda respectively. At this point, the design of bridge architecture is the ultimate goal. As Li Ling said in Guang Ji Fu in the Ming Dynasty: "The first floor of the study has ten posts and one pavilion, red curtains for Han taxes, carved single gold rafters, curved horizontal sills, painted chalk, jagged tiles and high eaves ..." The ancient Lingnan Wind Bridge was very common, but it was so large in scale, so many in forms and so beautifully decorated.

Third, "one mile long bridge and one mile city"

Guangji Bridge is the hub of "all eastern Guangdong, Fujian and Guangdong, Zhang Yu, bordering on deep water", and there are many pylons on the bridge. Therefore, the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival soon became the center of transportation and trade, and became a lively bridge market. Just before dawn, the river fog has not dispersed, and the bridge is already a "fish bed". At dawn, shops are competing to open first, tea kiosks and wineries are flying in the wind, and people boarding the bridge are holding cloth to trade silk, asking for divination and rubbing their shoulders. The traffic is busy, as described in Li Ling's "Guang Ji Qiao Fu":' Novi Lei Yin shakes the ground and the wheels and hooves rumble; Angry wind and waves, pedestrians also; The clouds are light and windy, and the dust is flying; Stop clouds, announce trees, tourists sing, and guests sing; Fengming, dragons singing in the sea, literati and poets playing Xiao Gu; The balcony shook, the clouds dispersed, and the wind and waves were shocked ... "It's like a picture of the Qingming Riverside. No wonder tourists joke about "Ask Xiangqiao when you arrive at it".

The night at Guangji Bridge has some fun: "The crescent moon blows at the horn, and the fish market lights are red at night." The egg-guessing boat is still drinking, and the salt-hanging boat has just set sail. "At the beginning of the bright moon on Guangji Bridge, restaurants hang lanterns high, egg boats moralize, and prostitutes are whispering. It is really "thousands of households are connected with a stream, and the night is like a nun's drum". By the time the fishing lights are quiet, it is already "the sea and air are exhausted in the middle of the night".

This magical bridge, each pier has a history of hundreds of years. It took more than 300 years from the completion of the first pier in the Song Dynasty to the formation of the pattern of "eighteen boats and twenty-four continents". In the case of backward productivity in ancient times, it is more difficult to build such a bridge on the river than people imagined, so there are many legends of "immortals building bridges" in Chaozhou.

It is said that Han Yu often goes to Dongshanmen (now Bijia Mountain) to play after low tide. But deeply feeling the pain of crossing the river, he asked his nephew Han Xiangzi and monk Guangji to build a bridge together.

Han Xiangzi built a bridge in the east and invited the Eight Immortals to help. Han Xiangzi personally went to Phoenix Mountain to get the stone and turned it into a black pig. He came all the way, but as soon as the last group of pigs arrived in Fengnan, they were caught by a pregnant woman and screamed, How can stones walk? In a word, the cat was leaked, and the stone couldn't catch up any more, so the last piers in the east where Han Xiangzi was in charge were not repaired.

Monk Guangji built a bridge in the southwest, and asked eighteen arhats for help. He personally went to Pu Sang Mountain to pick up stones, turned them into flocks of black sheep, and came all the way. But when the last batch of black sheep were halfway, they met a local bully landlord and deliberately wanted to take these sheep away. They said, "Monk, where did you get the sheep?" ! Apparently it's my family. Monk Guangji was tired of being pestered and said, "Since it is your sheep, hurry to your field!"! "! " The landlord drove the sheep to his field together, but the sheep turned into Wushi Mountain, crushing the landlord's fertile land. According to legend, this is the origin of Wuyang Mountain.

Therefore, the last batch of black pigs and sheep did not arrive in time, and the middle section of the bridge could not be repaired. What are we doing? It's almost dawn again. Among the Eight Immortals, He Xiangu will throw the lotus petals in his hand into the middle of the river and become an eighteen-shuttle boat; When monk Guangji saw it, he immediately threw down his mord, turned it into a big vine, tied it to 18 big ships, and became a pontoon bridge. In this way, people call this bridge "Xiangzi Bridge" and "Guangji Bridge" to commemorate the achievements of the bridge built by the gods and the Buddha.

"Xiangqiao Spring" is one of the "Eight Scenes of Chaozhou": in late spring and March, the Hanjiang River rises and the river surface widens, and the 18 boats in the middle of the east and west sections of Xiangzi Bridge are connected in a line, which is really like a long dragon lying on the waves. Look at the dripping bamboo forests on both sides of the upstream, the peach blossoms opened by Zhou Xiansheng and the green willows along the river downstream, all floating on the water, and the scenery is pleasant, just like Sanxiang. This scene is brilliantly described in the poem "Eight Scenes of Chaozhou" circulated by Zheng Guangwei, a scholar during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty: "The Xiangjiang River is at dawn, and eighteen ships lock the bridge. On the stone snow flying beam, the sound of stormy waves cut through Haimen tide. The peach blossoms in Yazhou are rising, and the crocodile island is deep in smoke and willow. Changhong in the region is good in March and intends to float to the sky. "

With the change of history, Guangji Bridge has been built several times. 1958 strengthening and maintenance of the whole bridge, dismantling 18 shuttle boats and rebuilding them into three-hole steel trusses and two high-piled cap bridges. 1976 expanded to the status quo again. 1988+ 10, Guangji Bridge was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

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Shibashuo Chuansuohua Bridge

-Guangjiqiao folk songs, couplets and poems

Kangzhibao

In Chaozhou, Guangdong, there is a folk song of such a bridge: "Go to Guangdong for nothing if you don't reach the tide;" If you can't reach the bridge at high tide, you will go to Chaozhou for nothing. "The' bridge' mentioned in folk songs refers to the' Guangji Bridge', formerly known as' Jichuan Bridge', and it is also called' Xiangzi Bridge' because it is said that the stone tablet in Han Xiangzi's book" The Flood Stop here "is near the bridge. It is located on the Hanjiang River outside Guangjimen, Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province. It is the earliest bridge in ancient China and an open bridge with a pontoon bridge. It is famous at home and abroad for its arduous construction, diverse structures and commercial market on the bridge.

The Hanjiang River, formerly known as "Yixi", has two tributaries in its upper reaches, Tingjiang River in the east and Meihe River in the west, which meet at Sanheba, where the river is narrow, the water flow is very urgent and the flood is very harmful. Coupled with the influence of the tide, it is surging. The Hanjiang River is also called "Crocodile Creek" and "Evil Creek" because crocodiles often haunt it. Han Yu (768-824), a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. He mobilized people to drive crocodiles into the sea and wrote the famous Sacrifice to Crocodiles. Therefore, people made a clever couplet with their word "retreat": "evil crocodile; Retreat! " This couplet is still circulating in Chaoshan area. Because Han Yu did many good things during his two years in Chaozhou, such as repairing dikes, building bridges, planting trees and running schools, he changed "Yixi" to "Hanjiang".

Guangji Bridge on the Han River was built in the Southern Song Dynasty in 6 years (1 170) and took 56 years to complete. The whole bridge is 565,438+08m long and is divided into three sections: east, west and middle. The eastern and western sections are Shek Kip Mei and Liang Shi Bridge. There are 12 holes and 13 piers in the east section, which are about 283 meters long; West section * * * 7 holes and 8 piers, length137m; The bridge deck is very wide, about 5 meters, which is rare in ancient bridges in China. Later, in the constant water damage, it increased to 24 piers during reconstruction and built a promising building. The middle section is about 100 meter long, which is part of the pontoon bridge. The main reason is that "the middle reaches are too deep to be used as piers", and at the same time, it is attacked by typhoon and flood, so it is not suitable for building piers. So in the middle section, 18 to 24 wooden boats are hinged together with chains, which are opened regularly to facilitate navigation. At that time, large seagoing ships could cross the bridge from Shantou via Chaozhou to Tai Po in the upper reaches, and wide and slender rafts could cross the bridge into the sea from the lower reaches. When there is a flood, the pontoon bridge will be removed to make the flood discharge smooth. The structure produced by this open concept has written a new chapter in the history of bridge construction at home and abroad. Therefore, Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, praised it as "the earliest retractable stone bridge in the world". Moreover, in the rapids and tides, the bridge has formed an amazing tidal surge and wave landscape. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the scholar Zheng wrote the poem "Xiangqiao Spring": "Xiangqiao River all the way, eighteen shuttles lock the bridge; Shi Xue flew to Liangshanglu, and the sound of stormy waves penetrated Haimen tide. Cliff state waves, crocodile smoke deep wicker; Changhong in March is good and the scenery is by going up one flight of stairs. "

Due to the danger of the Han River, it was destroyed and built repeatedly, and it was rebuilt more than 20 times in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In order to adapt to its unique topography and water potential, it has a unique bridge shape, and the piers have their own characteristics. The 24 piers under the bridge are all made of granite mortises and tenons, which are wider than ordinary piers. Among them, the length is14.4m to 21.7m, and the width is 9.5m to13.85m; the short length is also above10m, and the width is 5.7m, which makes the bridge look spectacular.

Because the pier is long and the deck is wide, another feature of Guangji Bridge is "one mile long bridge, one mile city". That is, there are pavilions on each pier and wooden houses on the bridge deck. Terraces are small, vendors gather, and all kinds of hawking are endless; At night, the lights on the bridge are hanging high, restaurants are guessing fists and shouting orders, and geisha silk strings are already noisy. The sound of the Han River is hardly heard in Qiaoshi, so foreigners often joke about "Ask Xiangqiao when you get there". For a long time, there are many vivid poems about the commercial market of Guangjiqiao, which vividly describe this scene. This is a poem by the poet Zeng, "Crossing Xiangqiao Late". "The Hanjiang River flows eastward, and the scenery in Yangzhou is different; Blow the horn, the crescent moon is white and the fish market is red. The guessing boat still calls for wine, and the salt-hanging boat rides on the wind; Staring at the twenty-four bridges, people are in the painting. "

In the 800-year construction history, Guangji Bridge has left countless stories. People pray for good luck because of repeated repairs. In the sixth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1728), after the bridge was restored, it was "cast iron with two cows, and the east and west banks were listed as towns". On the back of Tieniu, the words "Town Water Protection Bridge" are cast, which are placed at Pier 8 on the west coast and Pier 0/2 on the east coast respectively. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), the east coast wharf was destroyed by flood. An iron cow fell into the river and was later found further upstream. The other plane was bombed by Japanese imperialist planes at 1939 and disappeared. 1980 Niu Yi, a heavy cast iron, was placed on the diversion tip of the fifth pier in the west of the bridge. To this end, there is also a folk song circulating in Chaozhou: "Chaozhou Xiangqiao is very romantic, with 18 shuttles and 24 continents; Twenty-four balconies, twenty-four, two iron cows, slip away. "

This ballad clearly summarizes the story that happened on Guangji Bridge, especially the evolution of piers. 1in April, 958, the local government comprehensively repaired and strengthened the bridge and built a new reinforced concrete beam, ending the history of repeated maintenance and damage for 800 years. 1976 widen the bridge again, with the width of carriageway 7 meters and sidewalks 2 meters on both sides; The towers at both ends of the bridge have been used as workers' cultural palaces for people to relax. Later, Hanjiang Bridge was built at the downstream 1 km, and Guangji Bridge was protected as a cultural relic. From 2003 to 2007, Guangji Bridge was restored according to the Ming Dynasty in the most glorious period. The pier was reinforced and the "eighteen shuttles" open-close pontoon bridge was restored. The twelve pavilions and eighteen pavilions on the bridge were restored, and a plaque was added to make it a tourist walking bridge.

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