Scholarly Weekend —— Three Emperors and Five Emperors and Xia and Shang Dynasties in Historical Records

Huang San period is generally considered as the beginning of China civilization. During this period, the ability of human beings to understand and transform the world has been greatly improved, from being a monk to teach people to use fire, Fuxi to create gossip, the goddess to make up the sky and create man, and Shennong to lead people to slash and burn. Although this history is full of absurd myths and legends, we can also learn from it the gradual improvement of social productive forces.

Later, Shennong's control gradually weakened, and Xuanyuan Huangdi came out to clean up the mess and subdue Yandi, so that Yandi also occupied a place in the title of the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Later, the Yellow Emperor drove Chiyou away and let him escape to the east to become a foreigner. Then he began the emperor's habit of touring the world, such as drawing lines in all directions, where the coil came out was his, and whoever refused to accept it would be beaten. Then his throne will be passed on to his descendants, first his grandson, and then his grandson's nephews, Zhuan Xu and Di Ku. Then came Di Ku's third son, Fang Xun, the famous Emperor Yao with Eight Eyebrows.

When Yao was in office, he did a good job, "everything is prosperous." But suddenly there was a flood on the land of China. Yao finally listened to everyone's advice and let the guns he didn't like control the water. As a result, before the flood subsided, he had to consider the transfer of power, and his successor was Emperor Shun. In fact, Shun is also a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. He is a descendant of Zhuan Xu's son, but he lived under the same roof for seven generations, and all of them were ordinary people. Later, his virtue was discovered, and after investigation, he finally inherited Yao's throne.

Shun's greatest feature is filial piety and ability. I dare say that his filial piety is incomparable to ordinary people now. His father, stepmother and brother think about murdering him all day, and he has to be respectful to them. Even later, Yao was chosen as his successor to inspect, and his two daughters were married to Shun to observe him. His three closest relatives still insisted on his death. This reason is also very puzzling. Maybe the ancient people's hearts were too pure. However, once my younger brother thought that Shunshun had been killed successfully, so he went to Shunshun's house and sadly informed his two sisters-in-law of Shunshun's death. Fortunately, Shun came back in time. Otherwise, his brother doesn't know what he will do if he is too sad. Shun did not hesitate to use Dayu to control water. Of course, at that time, he only called Yu. Later, because he was so great, people called him Dayu.

Then why is Dayu so great? The prison is terrible. What people know about the water control incident is actually just a pediatrics for him, and it is an account of his father's death. Of course, his efforts and sacrifices in the process of flood control are really admirable, so he created a unique way of walking-Yubu with one limping foot. Of course, Dayu's greatest achievement is that he touched Kyushu all over while managing water, which shows his high sense of responsibility and great leadership. He knows the terrain of this country like the back of his hand. All the mountains and osawa have been settled, and the barren land and products in various places have been made clear. Every place has to pay money, and even the way to pay tribute to the central government has been cleared for you. Then the whole country will run according to this. Huh? Of course, it's not over yet. It was just the geography of the whole country. The specific laws cannot be managed by mountains and rivers. Not a journey to the west. Is it necessary to set up land gods, dragon kings and so on? Don't worry, Dayu has his own way. He set up "five clothes" to divide administrative regions. According to the distance from the central government, the theory of five clothes stipulates the obligations and responsibilities of each region, gives each region a name, and is also convenient for propaganda. There is one thing to note here. "Man" and "clothes" belong to different clothes, and "man" is more external, which means "man" is more savage than "clothes"!

Dayu originally passed on his position to Yi, but later everyone seemed to think that Qi, Dayu's son, was wiser, so they all followed Qi and abandoned Yi. Qi really opened the first feudal dynasty in the history of China-Xia, and the society gradually changed from the cluster state of ancient tribes to the feudal era, resulting in the initial concept of state.

It was very difficult to inherit the throne in the Xia Dynasty, and soon he met Taikang, the black sheep of his family. Taikang likes hunting. He often goes out early and comes back late. Once he went out hunting and didn't come back for more than a hundred days. As a result, when he was approaching the capital, there stood a famous archer-Hou Yi. Although Taikang likes hunting, the professional level of Houyi's archery is not comparable to that of ordinary people. He is not even afraid of the sun, let alone Taikang. As a result, Hou Yi really won the whole country by strength. At this time, it is useless for Taikang's brothers to sing the Song of the Five Sons again. The acquisition of political power depends on strength and opportunity.

At first, Hou Yi didn't dare to proclaim himself emperor. He trained several descendants of the Taikang brothers, and later he couldn't control himself. It should also be noted here that Hou Yi's real name is Yi, and "Hou" means emperor. It can be seen from this name that Hou Yi was indeed an emperor. However, Hou Yi came to a tragic end. He has a son named Han Zhuo, who was kicked out by his family because of his bad virtue. As a result, Han Zhuo dismembered Hou Yi with his concubine. Not only that, Han Zhuo also cooked Houyi's meat for his sons. Who can eat? Result. So don't take your son away. It's really dangerous.

Later, Han Zhuo proclaimed himself emperor and changed "summer" to "cold", which was really talented. I even suspect that he changed the script just to play the devil's advocate. He has two sons, both of whom are good at fighting, and he also cleaned up many dishonest governors for him. But they may be very disdainful of Taikang, or they may be very disdainful of Taikang's descendants, and let one of Taikang's grandchildren escape the net. Later, although I wanted to kill him, I didn't care. Later, Sun Tzu developed, destroyed Han Zhuo and restored the Xia Dynasty. This is Shao Kang. Later, during the reign of Shao Kang's son Yao, the Xia Dynasty reached its peak, which shows how important it is to have a good son. Later Shang Dynasty had the same example. First, press no table.

Several black sheep have emerged in succession. Although they have not caused much confusion to the country itself, as emperors, their mistakes are actually more serious than debauchery. Boss Shady (the grandson of Shao Kang), Shang Neptune offended Mianchen and was killed. His son, Shang Jiawei, was very promising, and joined forces with another vassal to destroy Mianchen and annexed its territory. This is a great event, because even in troubled times, such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, powerful governors, such as Qi Huangong, dare not directly annex other people's land after teaching a small country, otherwise not only the Central Committee will have opinions, but other governors will not let you go. However, when the central government of Xia Dynasty was alive, emperors of past dynasties watched Shang Zhouwang grow up slowly without interference, which showed how short-sighted his political mind was!

Later, in the heyday of the emperor, although there was no obvious decline in the whole country, merchants were too big to fail, especially under the governance of the golden combination of Tang and Yi Yin, and their national strength was booming. Yi Yin not only cooks well, but also manages the country well. Under the operation of Yi Yin, he missed an excellent opportunity to kill Tang. Later, Shang Tang strategically cut off several diehard governors of Xia Dynasty, and finally "replaced Xia Dynasty". Oh, by the way, after the demise of the Xia Dynasty, people began to call it Jie.

Do you think that under the governance of "Xianhui" soup, people will live happily soon? Wrong, but it may not be soup. As soon as the new China was founded, he just announced the highest leadership position after meeting the audience, and he suffered a six-year drought. In the meantime, he tried his best to pray for rain, but it was useless. It was so difficult at the beginning of the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, and the later development was even more ups and downs.

Tai Ding, Prince Tang, lived up to expectations, but was first cooked by his father. Later, Taiding's son, Taijia, was supported by Yi Yin, a veteran of the Three Dynasties, and succeeded to the throne. But because I was too sorry for the audience in the first three years, I acted rashly and liked violence. In a fit of pique, Yi Yin exiled him to Tong Palace to reflect on the past. Later, Tai Jia turned over a new leaf and was welcomed back by Yi Yin. He was also highly praised by Yi Yin, and Yi Yin wrote three songs to praise him. The later history of Shang Dynasty was "declining" for a while and "thriving" for a while, which made people puzzled. Princes are really snobs. They don't come when they are "weak", but they come when they are "happy". Can they still be friends?

Finally, there was a man named Taiwu. When he was in office, there was a vision from the sky, saying that he had found a tree, which was grown by stacking two different balls. It grew so thick overnight that people couldn't support it with their arms. The prime minister at this time is Yi Yin's son Yi, who is also very talented, but I don't know if he can cook. Yiyi took the opportunity to persuade Taiwu Xiude. This answer is very skillful, because if Taiwu has cultivated virtue but his eyes have not disappeared, it can be said that he has not cultivated enough. If the illusion really disappears, it means that he is right. How clever! Later, Tai Wu Xiude, the strange tree really died, and the country also realized ZTE. Taiwu thanked Iqui and said that I don't treat you as a courtier. Yi Kui is very sensitive to politics and immediately said, No, I want to have a happy ending! Of course, the last sentence is his heart.

Later, because there was a problem with the succession of the throne, sometimes my brother took over and sometimes my son took over. In short, everyone is not sure who should take over I want to know whether the descendants of Tang decide the succession of the throne by rolling dice. In short, the result is "yin", "decline" and "decline". Then "Yin" was very resistant to "decline", so it was not bad. The turning point was Pan Geng's move to the capital. In fact, it is not a great thing that Xia and Shang moved the capital, because both political reasons and natural disasters may lead to the relocation of the capital. But this time, Pan Geng made great efforts, and even invited the spirit of the instructions of the founding father Tang to persuade the nobles and the people to move the capital. After this move, the capital of Shang Dynasty remained unchanged until the demise of Shang Dynasty. And this capital is the site of Yin, which was later discovered by archaeology. From then on, Shang can really be called Yin Shang.

In fact, Pan Geng did nothing but move the capital. His sons Xiao Xin and Xiaoyi are emperors, and they also lack state affairs. However, Emperor Xiao Yi did a terrible thing. He specially invited a teacher to educate his son Wu Ding, which directly eclipsed the untrained "emperors" (including Xiao Yi himself).

Look at Wu Ding's deeds and you will know that the emperor is really beyond the reach of ordinary people. After he took office, he was deeply worried. He wants to do something, but no one can help him. He was silent for three years, leaving all political affairs to the ministers who visited his country. See you later. It's a lot of trouble. He actually dreamed of a saint, knew his name and what he looked like, and mobilized everyone to start searching all over the country. Later, I finally found a person in the reform-through-labour camp, that is, Fu Shuo who "locked Fu Shuo between buildings". Then he was not at ease, and he inspected Fu for three years before letting him do it. Sure enough, the sage knew at a glance whether there was a "rectification movement in Yinzhou". Later, he also met a vision of a pheasant flying to Ding Er, and his ancestors also advised him to Xiu De (is the plot deja vu? )。 In a word, with the joint efforts of the Lord and the sage Qi Xin, the Yin and Taoism were revived. Wu Ding has three queens, of which Fu Hao is the most favored and capable one. It is said that Fu Hao is beautiful, resourceful and a good soldier in war. She is really versatile. After making the country strong, Wu Ding fought everywhere, among which women's exploits also accounted for a considerable part. Unfortunately, when we later conquered Jingchu, we were exhausted from pregnancy. We can roughly imagine the grief of a generation of Lord Wu Ding.

Later generations became more and more outrageous, and even an emperor Wuyi was actually killed by lightning. Although providence is unpredictable, as an emperor, doesn't he have some common sense to avoid when it thunders and rains? And no one talked to him? It doesn't matter if Wuyi is struck by lightning, the following will not be able to slow down for a while.

Di Xin succeeded to the throne. He has a high IQ, great strength, and no shortage of literary talent and military skills. But he is clever but doesn't listen to other people's advice. His talent is only used by him to show that he is better than others. But addicted to beauty, addicted to the life of wine pool and meat forest (non-figurative), making good use of the wicked, abandoning the wise, and finally betraying their loved ones, he led the army to defect and finally set himself on fire and died, which was quite backbone. Di Xin is the man who was called Zhou Wang by later generations.

So, was Di Xin really destroyed because it made a mistake that every emperor who perished in this country would make? Actually, I don't think so, for the same reason as the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty also turned a blind eye to the rise of the late Zhou Dynasty. My father was too powerful for Zhou, so he was called to Yin to be put to death, and I was also put in prison. Only Ji Chang was able to escape by pretending to be a grandson, and two Hou of the same rank as Xibohou-Jiuhou and Hubei Hou-had already been killed by Di Xin. From this perspective, Di Xin is not politically slow. Let's just say that Ji Chang is really superior. In short, only the winner is qualified to give people any name.

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and even the later Xia Dynasty, did not produce formal writing. It was not until the late Shang Dynasty that a large number of inscriptions were discovered, and some names and major events were recorded. Therefore, the existence of Xia Dynasty with fewer artifacts is often questioned. However, after comparing and confirming the relevant literature records, people often think that the Xia Dynasty should exist, otherwise later Confucianism would not be vague about the usurpation of the throne by Hou Yi and Han Biao. There is a saying, you can cover it if you want, and cover it if you want. It is easy to see through the practice of 320 silver here.

There is evidence that characters are not created by one person, but are more likely to evolve over time, which is also very consistent with our common sense, and some statements are not consistent with our previous impressions, such as abdication system. In fact, it has been recorded in the annals of bamboo books that Yao was imprisoned by Shun, and Shun eventually died in the wilderness of Cangwu, which is largely related to Yu, which is consistent with our consistent cognition. The change of strength is the result of strength competition, but it was later to conform to destiny and be kind to others, so we can't infer the reason with the result.

Dayu really deserves to be called Dayu. When he was in charge of water conservancy, he could think of setting up a big event like Kyushu, which really needed a global vision and a leader's thinking. He didn't just dredge the water foolishly, but put the pattern on a broader platform, really taking the world as the chessboard and playing a decisive chess game with Shun. Everyone praised Yao and Shun for their virtue, but it was not until Yu demarcated Kyushu and Five Blessingg that the whole country became like a harmonious machine, which used to be just a tribal alliance.

Self-cultivation is very important. If you cultivate virtue, the world will prosper. If you don't cultivate morality, you will be "a maharaja or not". As a virtue cultivated by the emperor, it is definitely not limited to self-cultivation, but also should seek ways to enrich the country and reassure the people. Rich countries should focus on improving productivity. In ancient times, it meant attaching importance to agriculture, reclaiming as much land as possible and improving farming techniques, including improving seeds and updating tools. On the other hand, I think it is to establish a reasonable distribution system so that ordinary people can complain less. As for what is reasonable, we should analyze it in detail, and in short, it must match the productivity.

The replacement of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties started the initial revolution, and later dynasties used it as a template to plunder power for the sake of heaven, the divine right of monarchy and the residence of sages. There are many such stories, which can be found in Historical Records, History as a Mirror, etc., but they can't escape this logic, but the specific operation methods are varied, so you can choose to elaborate in the future.