Women are good: the queen of civil and military skills

Introduction: Fu Hao is the wife of Wu Ding, the Shang king. Fu Hao's name is very nice, called relatives. Bronze inscriptions are also called stepmother Xin. A large number of Oracle bone inscriptions unearthed show that Fu was ordered to fight in the battlefield many times, which made great contributions to the expansion of the territory of Shang Dynasty. Fu Hao is also often ordered to preside over festivals such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and gods, and is also an official of divination. However, Fu Hao died unfortunately, and Wu Ding was very sad and buried her next to his palace. billionaire

She is an outstanding female general.

She is a big shot.

Among the existing Oracle bone inscriptions, her name appears frequently, and she has been mentioned more than 200 times in more than 1000 pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang. She was the wife of Wu Ding, King of Shang Dynasty over 3000 years ago.

You are the wife of the queen. You don't like red clothes but love armed clothes, or love armed clothes more than red clothes. In Fu Hao's tomb excavated in 1976, exquisite bone carving knives, bronze mirrors, bone blocks, agate beads and other ornaments dedicated to women were found, as well as ornamental devices such as cicadas, small stone pots, stone bases and stone pots, all of which showed her feminine side. Surprisingly, in addition to these gadgets, Fu Hao's funerary objects also contain a large number of weapons, especially a large bronze cymbal weighing 9 kilograms, which is decorated with Shuang Hu's bite marks and engraved with the words Fu Hao, which is particularly eye-catching. After expert research, it is believed that this is the weapon she used before her death. Fu Hao can use such a heavy weapon, which shows that her martial arts is superior and her strength is extraordinary. More importantly, Yue was a symbol of military power and royal power in ancient times. Then, we can conclude that Fu Hao at that time must be a female general who commanded thousands of troops.

In fact, as early as four or five thousand years ago, there were carved images of the goddess of war or the great mother god during the Liangzhu culture period. This shows that at that time, the legacy of matriarchal society still exists, and it is not unusual for women to lead troops to fight. However, in the middle and late Shang Dynasty, which was dominated by men, Fu Hao still possessed the symbol of Yue, the highest military commander in China, and became the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, which was enough to show that her skill was really unusual.

There is a famous saying in the ancestors: the great event of the country lies in worshipping the army. In other words, besides offering sacrifices and divination, state affairs are battles to defend the frontier, expand territory and plunder slaves. Wu Ding was a famous leader in the history of Shang Dynasty. During his 59-year reign, he frequently went out to war and conquered the surrounding tribes in the northwest and southeast successively, greatly expanding the territory of the dynasty. His rule was called Zhongxing in Wuding. In this process, Fu Hao is certainly a pivotal figure. In the literature at that time, Mu Hao's military activities were recorded in detail.

For example, a Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Oracle bone inscriptions said: Zhen, it is almost impossible to be a woman for three thousand years. This means that the 3000 troops of Shang King Fazheng and 10000 other soldiers ordered them to conquer the Qiang people, the ancient enemy of Shang Dynasty. At that time, the team of13,000 people was already a mighty army. This is also the biggest war in Shang Dynasty recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. At that time, Wu Ding's beloved generals, like battle-hardened bird feathers, were all led by Muhao. After that battle, the Qiang people's strength was greatly weakened, and the western territory of the Shang Dynasty was settled.

At that time, there was a powerful nomadic tribe earthwork more than 0/000 miles north of the capital Anyang (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province). They often wantonly violated the merchants' borders and plundered the people's property, which was a major worry of the dynasty for many years. So, Wu Ding's wife went out with her troops and defeated the invading enemy in just one battle. Fu Hao pursued the victory and completely defeated the Turkish side. From then on, the Turkish side never dared to invade again, and finally it was incorporated into the territory of merchants.

Fuhao's best battle was the one with Wu Ding to conquer Pakistan. Before the war, Fu Hao and her husband made a plan. Fu Hao ambushed the army in the west of the enemy, and Wu Ding led the elite troops to launch a surprise attack on the Pakistani army in the east. The Pakistani army can't see one and the other in the encirclement of Wuding Army and Nvshan Army, and the formation is chaotic. Finally surrounded, the southern border was pacified. This may be the earliest recorded ambush in China.

The importance of a good wife lies not only in the prominent status of the queen and a first-class military commander, but also in her special position as a diviner who presides over sacrifices. In Fuxi era, people were superstitious about ghosts and gods and worshipped destiny. Sacrificial divination is very popular, especially in the Shang royal family and the slave owners' ruling class. Almost all state affairs require repeated divination and praying for ghosts and gods. Therefore, sacrifice is one of the most important national activities. The priest who holds the highest clerical power should have extensive knowledge and lofty status, and become the actual decision-maker of major national affairs through communication with ghosts and gods.

According to the etiquette and customs of Shang Dynasty, the name of the sacrificial object should appear. A large number of bronze ritual vessels found in Fu Hao's tomb, including the giant cooking utensils discovered for the first time in Shang Dynasty, are engraved with Fu Hao's inscription, which shows that Fu Hao was ordered to preside over sacrifices and participated in many sacrificial activities before his death.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records once again confirmed that Fu Hao was a priest with extraordinary knowledge and the highest status in the royal family. Fu Hao offered sacrifices to his grandmother who died in the royal family and to the supreme world. She will sacrifice with wine and fire; Women and women will slaughter livestock and prisoners. According to the Oracle, due to the terrible plague in the country, the king ordered Fu Hao to hold a grand sacrifice ceremony, including blood sacrifice to kill people. On another occasion, a woman sacrificed a sacred spring. In fact, there are many kinds of sacrifices in Shang Dynasty, such as offering sacrifices to heaven, springs and ancestors, eliminating diseases and eliminating disasters, and wars before going to war, and so on.

In the archaeological excavation of Yin Ruins, some tortoise shells engraved with good women were also found. The divination of Shang people was to take the whole tortoise shell and burn it with fire, so that the tortoise shell bone was burned into scorched lines. Then the fortune teller judges good or bad according to the charred lines, decides whether things can be done, and engraves the result of divination and what happened later on the same Oracle bone. The important preparation before divination is to correct the tortoise shell and animal bones. Because the hawksbill bone will not burn if it is not treated. The so-called correction is to remove the meat residue and rubber band left on the tortoise shell, dry it, and then drill a certain number of small round holes with a special bronze drill at a certain interval to prepare for burning with a pillar of fire during divination, so that the Oracle bones can be exposed. At that time, only fortune tellers were qualified to do this job. The diviner should not only correct the tortoise shell and beast bones himself, but also record the matter as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and carve it on his corrected Oracle bones to show his solemnity.

Fu Haoxian burned turtle bones on the fire. When the bone is heated, cracks begin to appear on the surface, making a slight purr. Fu Hao seemed to hear the echo of the gods, and then recorded it on the Oracle bones. It can be seen that Fu Hao can not only preside over sacrifices, read eulogies, but also carve Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Her cultural level is quite high, and she is really a talented woman with both civil and military skills.

According to historical records, there are more than 60 women in Wuding, but only three have the status of queens, and women are the first. According to the above statement, it is understandable that such a strange girl is favored by Wu Ding.

There is such a record in Oracle Bone Inscriptions: women come well; Virginity is bad; Going to Guo Jing is good for women. Judging from this information, Fu Hao may be due to his outstanding military exploits and outstanding political achievements. In addition to his status as queen and commander-in-chief, he was also granted an independent fief, became a vassal, and had his own fief and people. Therefore, Fu Hao often goes back to Wang Du to see the king. In his own fief, Mu Hao was in charge of farming and economy independently, and paid tribute to Shang Wang on time. Thousands of exquisite bronzes, more than 600 jade articles and more than 7,000 seashells (the currency of Shang Dynasty) found in Fu Hao's tomb also show that Fu Hao has great wealth and power.

Regrettably, this outstanding woman unfortunately died young. It is speculated that Fu Hao was only in his thirties when he died. Fu Hao's death made Wu Ding very sad. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Wu Ding used to pray to heaven for his daily life, health, childbirth, war, etc. It can be seen that Wu Ding was very kind to women. Probably because of their deep love, Wu Ding not only buried his beloved wife, but also martyred 16 slaves for her. At the same time, Fu Hao was buried next to his palace as an exception, so that he could see her at any time and protect her. In addition, he built a memorial hall on Muhao's graveyard, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions was called Mother Xinzong, which will be remembered by future generations forever. Oracle Bone Inscriptions shows that after Fu Hao's death, Wu Ding often called the fortune teller to ask:

Wu Ding: Are you married? Reality: Only Zujia is married. Wu Ding: Are you married? Reality: Only Zuyi gets married.

Wu Ding: Are you married? Reality: Only Tang got married.

Zujia, Zuyi and Tang Cheng were the three kings of Shang Dynasty. The meaning of this passage does not mean that Zujia and Zuyi were the three ancient kings of Shang Dynasty. The meaning of this passage is not to let a woman remarry three former kings. The word "marry" here means "greeting" and "meeting". In other words, Wu Ding is afraid of being alone, so he expects his ancestors to greet her and take good care of her.

It is worth mentioning that Muhao Tomb is the most complete Shang Dynasty tomb excavated by the archaeological community at present, which is also attributed to Wuding. It was he who built the memorial hall to protect Fu Hao's tomb and make it intact. Because grave robbers in history will never dig down once they have dug into the foundation. In other words, it is Wu Ding's deep affection that enables Fu Hao to sleep peacefully for thousands of years, and it is also his sincerity that enables us to interpret this legendary woman and their great love through the complete funerary objects.

The tomb of the rich is located about 100 meters northwest of Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan, and southwest of the foundation site of Group C of Yin Ruins. This is the only well-preserved tomb of members of the Shang royal family discovered since the excavation of Yin Ruins. The tomb is 56 meters long from north to south, 4 meters wide from east to west and 75 meters deep.

After the death of Fu Hao in Fu Tang (mother Xinzong), the ancestral temple building built by Ding in his cemetery was a sacrifice to Fu Hao. The symbol temple is called Xin, and the pleasure hall on the tomb is called Xin Zongmu in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This building is a scientific restoration of the remains of mother's faith.