Interpretation of Gangua and Appreciation of Yijing

(Shagan Shang Kun)

Modesty: constancy. A gentleman has an end.

Xun said: "Modesty" is precious, the heaven is frugal and bright, and the tunnel is humble and upward. Heaven loses money and benefits modesty, while tunnel becomes profit and modesty, ghosts and gods harm profit and modesty, and human nature is evil and good and modest. Humble and light, humble but not over: "The' end' of' gentleman' is also. "

"Xiang" said: "There are mountains on the ground, which is called" modesty ". A gentleman is generous in his wealth, which means that things are flat. "

Day 6: Modest gentleman, use Okawa Yoshi.

"Elephant" says: "Gentleman", modest and self-grazing. "

62: Qian Ming, Zhen Ji.

"Xiang" said: "Rare" won the center. "

93: A gentleman's modesty ends, Ji.

"Elephant" said: "A gentleman is humble to work" and is convinced by everyone. "

June 4th: No harm, modesty.

"Xiang" said: "Modesty has no harm, and it does not violate."

Sixty-five: If you are not rich, there is no harm in taking advantage of your neighbor's invasion.

"Elephant" said: "Use aggression, not levy."

6th: Qian Ming, using the apprentice to levy the country.

Xiang said, "Qian Ming, you have no ambition. You can' use the teacher' and levy the country. "

[Note] Modesty: The name of hexagrams symbolizes modesty and humility. There is an ending: there is a good ending, there is a good result. God helps the poor: it means that the sun shines downward, the wind blows downward and the rain falls. Authentic humbleness: the position of the earth is under the sky. Up: The earth's atmosphere rises. Loss: loss. English: I'm full. Sky deficiency: refers to the sun began to tilt after noon and gradually lost after the full moon. Benefits: gain. Modesty: here refers to the loser. (Heaven) Yiqian: It means that the sun rises from a low place and the moon gradually becomes round from a lack. Change: destruction. Flow: move from top to bottom, where the gain is low, such as mud falling to a low place. Evil (wù) surplus goodness (hào) modesty: I hate surplus and like modesty. Transcendence: transcendence. There are mountains in the ground: thousands of hexagrams are on the ground, and Kun works on the ground. The mountain on the ground is higher than the mountain, so "there are mountains in the ground" means that Yamamoto is tall and self-reliant. P: Take it out. Benefits: supplement. Divide things equally: weigh the amount of property and divide it equally among people. Grazing: grazing, here means restraint and management. Self-grazing: self-discipline. Ming: It's very famous and prestigious. Qian Ming: It's just a hollow reputation. A hollow reputation means having a good reputation but not being proud. Central point: that is, the right path is from the heart. L: (with) credit. Lao Qian: It means that you are not proud of merit but more modest. (Hu ι): Modesty. Speaking like "waving", manners and actions are interpreted as waving, which means modesty. I: because. Use: match. Use: beneficial. Disobedience: refers to a person who refuses to obey the king's orders.

(Shi Zhonglian)

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[Appreciation] The divination images of Gangua are Xia Gen (symbolic mountain) and Shang Kun (symbolic place). Originally, there were high and low mountains, and now the mountains are underground, which shows that the tall people are inferior and are a sign of modesty. Qian Gua's divination name, divination image, divination words, and most of the poems, as well as the explanations of Nuo Zhuan and Xiang Zhuan, all praise modesty directly and clearly. It is rare that all the components of a hexagon are so highly concentrated in an abstract concept. In addition, the dry hexagrams and the six hexagrams are auspicious, among which one "Heng", three "Ji" and three "Li" are so prosperous that it is the only one of the 64 hexagrams. The first three hexagrams of modesty are auspicious. According to people in high positions, they are modest and prudent and can survive any hardships. They have taken the right path. Although they have gained fame and made contributions, they are not proud of their contributions, and all people respect them. The result is auspicious and the ending is good. The last three times, but there was no disadvantage, from every move to the invasion, all of them got good results because they were open-minded, conscientious and followed the rules. It can be seen that the concept of modesty has occupied a very prominent position in the ancient Chinese thought. In their view, modesty is a virtue necessary for people to succeed.

In the Book of Changes, modesty is by no means a gesture, nor is it just a section related to personal etiquette. Qian hexagrams have given it many important meanings, among which the main ones are: 1. Gentle attitude, respect but not rudeness, which is the meaning of "modest gentleman" in the sixth day speech. Second, "there are too many advantages and too few disadvantages, which means limiting privileges and implementing equality." Third, "humility is self-control", that is, humility, disappointment, and lack of sharpness. Fourth, "Qian Ming" means that you are not in a hurry to express yourself, are not proud of virtue, do not boast of fame or talent, and always keep a low profile when telling your character and achievements. Fifth, "modesty", that is, not being complacent, is not only because we have lofty goals, but also because we realize that achievements and contributions are made by everyone's efforts.

What is particularly noteworthy here is the meaning of not being complacent and self-sufficient in the concept of modesty. It is from this that Zuozhuan grasped and waved the concept of modesty, and further defined it as the most vital state of all things. Maintaining this state is a universal law of the movement and change of the universe. In its view, the world is endless, and the vitality of the universe lies in its infinitely broad operating space and endless development prospects. Modesty ensures such a space and future. In human eyes, the sky is above, so the widest operating space is below it; The ground is below, and the above is its development space. Therefore, Xun Zhuan said, "Heaven helps the economy to be bright, and the tunnel is humble." The words such as "helping the poor" and "humility" here are very similar to Laozi's thought of worshipping foreign things and obsessing foreign things, but they have nothing to do with Laozi's thought of respecting women. The original intention is to say that the way of heaven and earth is to seek the broadest development space. The idea of Xunzhuan is that modesty makes people "modest and self-controlled", so that people will not be complacent, complacent and stagnant, thus opening up an extremely broad development space for people.

Xunzhuan also looks at the running process of everything in the world and evaluates the role of modesty according to the philosophy of Zhouyi. It is from the perspective of whether Thailand will come or not that prosperity means decline, and new things have great development prospects. Therefore, in the world schema of Xun Zhuan, the way of heaven and earth is always not conducive to the aspect of fullness, but to the aspect of modesty and dissatisfaction. He said, "Heaven damages wealth and benefits modesty, while the real way benefits modesty." It interprets the way of heaven and earth as follows: paying attention to the bottom, tending to the bottom, paying special attention to new things, and paying special attention to aspects that are not yet perfect. I hope that the development space will be extremely broad. In this way, modesty is not only a personal virtue, but also the function of universal laws. Xunzhuan broke through the category of ethics and entered the category of philosophy.

It must be noted that the concept of modesty advocated in Zhouyi does not mean inferiority, retreat and inaction. Perhaps it is precisely because people will have a negative understanding of the concept of modesty, so Xunzhuan consciously played a magical function of low-key modesty. It is said that heaven is "bright" but "humble" but "upward" Modesty is not only the expression of noble quality, but also linked with great ambition, unremitting pursuit and great cause, and will eventually achieve great success. The spiritual realm and career achievements are insurmountable for ordinary people, so Xunzhuan says: "Humble but light, humble but not beyond: the end of a gentleman." Retreat and inaction will never have such a result. Qian Bu perfectly combines the self-improvement of Gangua with the gentleness of Kungua.

The concept of modesty is of great significance in China's traditional culture, because the concept of "contentment has a great influence on China people". Although "being content with the status quo" is mainly to overcome people's greed and oppose the endless pursuit of material enjoyment, people with conservative tendencies often use the old adage "being content with the status quo" to defend their attitude towards life and work. Therefore, the concept of modesty in Zhouyi, which occupies a lofty position in China's ancient thoughts, requires people to never be complacent in spirit, to be dissatisfied with the status quo at any time, and to be dissatisfied with their own progress in moral cultivation and career, which largely offsets the negative effect of the thought of "contentment" and makes people always make positive progress.