What do you mean by "tube, bar, ten thousand, southeast, northwest, fat, white and middle" in mahjong tiles?

Mahjong, also known as "sparrow" or "sparrow card", is an authentic national quintessence, and has been one of the most popular and favorite entertainment activities since it came out. Looking at China in Chixian County, whether in the south or the north, in the countryside or in the city, the scene of four people sitting around Fangcheng can be seen everywhere, and the sound of scrambling to eat and shuffle is endless, which is really a great sight in China.

The origin of testing mahjong can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, which has been 1200 years. According to legend, during the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, a famous Zhang Sui was born in Changle, yu zhou (now Henan Province). He was brilliant since he was a child, and later became a monk, taking the dharma name "Yi Hang". A group of magicians, with six pure hearts and no distractions, thought hard all day and understood the mechanism of everything. They made many achievements in astronomy and mathematics and became famous scientists in ancient China. However, although Buddhism is pure, it is hard to avoid unbearable loneliness. In the tenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 722), in order to relieve the loneliness and boredom of monks, a group of magicians specially compiled a set of cards for entertainment. It is two inches wide and five inches long, and it is printed with patterns such as rope, rope and pipe. After that, seven categories of East, South, West, North, Middle, Hair and White were added, and the shape of mahjong was initially prepared. On the other hand, mahjong was developed by combining horse cards, dice and 32 Xuanhe cards in the Song Dynasty. The inventor was Wan Bingchao, a beginner at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Because they worship the heroes of the Water Margin, they use the 108 travel label to compare Liangshan 108 general. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chen, a native of Ningbo, changed the key into bamboo bone material and made detailed rules of the game. Zheng Chen Key, born in Bagong, is proficient in English and won three titles for his contribution to cabinet works. Because I like horse cards, I know this very well. Due to many inconveniences in playing cards, Tongzhi for three years (1864) transformed the hanging horse card into bamboo-bone mahjong. Thanks to the popularity of mahjong in China.

Cowen, rope (strip) and drum (cake) are all ancient monetary units. Tube, copper coins, that is, copper coins inside the outer ring; One hundred barrels are cables; And a hundred requirements is ten thousand. After the hard material replaced the original paper material, the card gradually lost its mainstream position, but it did not disappear. Later, with the passage of time, the card-making materials gradually developed from bamboo chips and aggregates to today's hard plastic or plexiglass, and mahjong took on a new look. But in some border areas or rural areas, there are still cards and mahjong left.

Games are the product of society and the epitome of culture. The rules of mahjong reflect China's cultural spirit and values. Four people are opposite each other, sitting at the table, taking cards in order, orderly and with equal opportunities. Unlike western poker, where two people form a group and cooperate with each other, mahjong is a personal unit. When eating cards, the last family takes precedence over the next family, which reflects the orderly social rules in China; The upper family can cut off the lower family, which shows that the function of "potential" is remarkable, and the lower family can also be touched and eaten, which embodies the cultural concept of "weakness can overcome strength" and unpredictable national conditions.

Mahjong technology can reflect the wisdom of foreigners. Watch home, watch home, watch home. In addition to determining the basic style of play according to the cards in your hand, you must also judge the card situation of the other three people before you can decide to call, play and draw cards. Predicting and speculating the evolution of the card situation in time and judging the advantages and disadvantages of the situation are the key to winning. Mahjong seems easy to learn. As long as the IQ is normal, it usually takes a few minutes to play. However, how to use wisdom, when to eat, when to touch, when to feed, when to touch, and sometimes even deliberately shoot to avoid greater losses can reflect the level of technology and knowledge. Judging the situation and making a decisive decision is a great effort of a master, which is by no means something that ordinary people can master. Therefore, mahjong not only tests people's foresight, but also tests people's judgment, and has the beauty of shape, sound, color and touch, so it is very attractive to players and often makes this generation forget to eat and sleep.

From a cultural point of view, mahjong rules can reflect the styles and concepts of foreigners. If you want to win, you must keep your house, watch your house and keep your house. If you want to be a serious cashier, you must guess the cards in others' hands and know yourself. It embodies the behavior characteristics of China people, such as paying attention to interpersonal relationships, communicating from top to bottom, finding the right and the left, looking ahead and looking back, and being the first mouse. Different from the pairing of playing cards in the west, mahjong thinking not only pays attention to playing alone, but also pays attention to mutual utilization, which embodies the spirit of "harmony but difference" in China traditional culture, and also embodies the personality orientation of foreigners who are unknown in battle, fickle in tactics, ignore the spirit of cooperation and emphasize personal role. The retention of useful cards and the abandonment of useless cards reflect the way of thinking that people are divided into useful and useless, and high and low. Useful people are cherished, and powerful classes are always taken care of; Useless people disdain, and the weak are often abandoned.

From the perspective of social function, playing mahjong has many benefits, which can alleviate autism and various chronic diseases of the elderly and regulate nervous tension. The Analects of Confucius said: "It's hard to eat all day long!" No players, still virtuous. "Thus, Kong also thinks that" games "are better than eating all day, and many people can't live without purpose all day long. Especially for the elderly, physical and mental strength are gradually declining, and diseases are increasing, which inevitably leads to the sigh of sunset and the feeling of loneliness and depression. Although cultivating flowers and fishing can cultivate one's self-cultivation, boxing and walking can relax muscles and strengthen bones, it is really useless to sharpen one's mind, maintain one's brain power and communicate with others. And if several people get together and play in Fangcheng, they will talk and laugh, touch me and eat, and be very happy; The outcome is unpredictable, but there is always hope, which makes people worry about the future. Regardless of men, women and children, regardless of rank, unified rules and equal status. The sun rises three times, with strong interest; The willows on the moon linger. It is very effective for relieving loneliness and killing time. Therefore, it is widely spread and enduring. Today, mahjong is not only at sea, but also spread to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and even as far away as Europe and America. It is invincible and unstoppable.

In China, where amateur cultural and recreational life has been underdeveloped, mahjong has always been the main role of family entertainment. Of course, through the ages, many people have used mahjong as a gambling tool to make profits. However, mahjong must not be regarded as a taboo just because it is a waste of food. How to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages is really worthy of study and discussion by all sectors of society, especially the sports sector. After years of unremitting efforts from all walks of life, the State Sports General Administration finally officially approved mahjong as a competitive sport in June 1998, and formally compiled the Rules of Chinese Mahjong Competition, which was published by People's Sports Publishing House. This is a key step for mahjong to move from family to society and become a formal sport, which is of epoch-making significance. We believe that as long as we strengthen management and put in energy, mahjong, a national quintessence, will be further developed and bring endless happiness and enjoyment to people.