What does it mean that the square patch of the upright official has a dragon pattern?

Zeng Guofan's portrait is wearing an auxiliary suit that has been canonized as a marquis. Marquis is a super product, a python, not a dragon.

However, it is different from ordinary cranes. This is the duke's first-class official uniform.

There is a square pattern on the official clothes of Qing dynasty, which is called tonic. Tonics are divided into two kinds: Wen and Wu. The supplementary clothes of princes and ministers are all stone blue, and the imperial clothes and embroidered robes are all stone blue or blue. Feng Xianguan (Yushi) weaves embroidery. In addition to birds and animals, the patchwork is embroidered with patterns of seawater and rocks, which means that "the seawater is on the cliff and the mountains and rivers are forever solid". The make-up clothes are all made in Suzhou and Hangzhou, Nanjing, that is, three systems in the south of the Yangtze River, with exquisite materials and excellent workmanship. There are strict regulations on the size and style, and officials are not allowed to change the official uniforms corresponding to their grades without permission.

Extended data:

In China's ancient costume system, the official dress was the most representative of the feudal hierarchy. According to the rank of civil and military officials at all levels, the decorative patterns on official uniforms are also different.

Through these various patterns, we can see the epitome of the ancient official system. It began to appear in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The tonics used by officials in Ming and Qing dynasties all appeared in the form of square tonics, and the production methods were brocade, embroidery and silk reeling. In the Ming Dynasty, the official supplement was large, well-made, mostly plain, with a red background and various patterns wrapped with gold thread. Its civil servants embroider two birds and fly with them;

The son of the military attache embroidered a single animal, either standing or squatting. Compared with the tonic in Ming dynasty, the tonic in Qing dynasty is small and simple, with civil servants embroidering single birds and military officers embroidering beasts; The main colors are mainly dark colors such as cyan, black and crimson. Tonics in Ming and Qing dynasties existed in official positions, so they were restricted by the imperial court and could not be produced in large quantities. Therefore, it has extremely high technical value and historical value.

Civil servant structure model

Yipin: crane

Crane is beautiful and detached, elegant and holy, and has a long life span, which can reach 60 or 70 years old. In ancient times, it became a symbol of sage like style and longevity. Among the lucky birds, it is second only to the phoenix. The phoenix becomes the symbol of the queen, while the crane is the official residence. "Xianghe Jing" says: "Crane, life cannot be measured." The Book of Songs? Xiaoya said: "He Ming is nine high, and his voice resounds through the sky." The official made up a son with the design of a crane, which means to serve the son of heaven. ?

The second product: golden pheasant

Golden rooster, also known as "Golden Rooster", "Jade Chicken" and "Blue Chicken", is a symbol of good luck. Golden pheasant has the demeanor of a king. Its brightly colored feathers are said to ward off evil spirits. The ancients loved to use it as the decoration of clothes, such as the crown inserted behind the clothes of military commanders and embroidered on the emperor's dress. It is also called "Hua Chong", which means dignity and nobility. ?

Triple product: peacock

Peacock has not only beautiful feathers, but also personality. The Gain Sutra says that peacocks have "nine virtues", and its text is as follows: "One is correct in appearance, the other is correct in sound, the three steps are in sequence, four are aware of their events from time to time, five are aware of their diet, six are always satisfied, seven are not scattered, eight are correct, and nine are aware of their repeated events." In the eyes of the ancients, peacock is a "literary bird" with great virtue and civilized quality, and it is a symbol of auspiciousness, civilization and wealth.

Four major products: Yuanyang

In ancient times, it was called "bird". It is said that mandarin ducks are in pairs, singing in harmony with each other, left male and right female, both flying, and sleeping with male and female wings covering their necks. If you accidentally lose it, it will never be worthy. The Book of Songs? "Xiaoya" contains: "Yuanyang flies, never put off till tomorrow what you can. A gentleman should live a long life, which embodies the beautiful relationship between husband and wife in the ancient "five ethics" and is an auspicious bird. As a supplement to officials, it is to shrug their feathers to symbolize firmness and loyalty; If there is a law to sleep, it means that you are conscientious. ?

Five products: silver pheasant

Silver pheasant looks like a pheasant, with white feathers, fine black stripes, reddish cheeks, silky blue hair on the neck and long tail feathers. Silver pheasant is produced in the south and has been regarded as a mascot since ancient times. Silver pheasant is also a loyal "righteous bird". Legend has it that Zhao Min, the young emperor of the Song Dynasty, got a silver pheasant when he was on the cliff, and he personally fed it on the boat. After the little emperor died in the sea, the silver pheasant screamed and jumped in the cage and finally fell into the sea with the cage. Later, people called silver pheasant a "righteous bird". Therefore, the image of silver pheasant, as a supplement to the five officials, is regarded as a way to stop at elegance, be an official, be auspicious and loyal. ?

Six products: Egret

Egret is also called Bai Niao, and Lu Ji's poem is sparse: "Egret waterfowl is also good and white, so it is called Bai Niao." Egrets are auspicious birds. "Records of the Wei Family": "The official is the official who takes care of him", and he looked at it from a distance. In addition, because of the orderly flight of herons, the number of officials is compared. For example, Bird Classic: Preface of Liao's Nest and Hongyan Heron. Yuan Qu Xuan: "Jade bamboo shoots are combined with herons in small classes, and the red sandalwood spring hall is opposite to the dragon face."

Seven products:? I'm sorry

Don? Wen Tingyun's "The Sick Country with Hundred Rhymes in Five Autumn Years": "Hide pearls and hide? Hey, you lied on the screen. " Gu Buzhu's Note: The Record of Foreign Bodies in Linhai: Swallows, Waterbirds, Five-colored Hairs and Short Foxes, among which there is no poisonous gas in the stream. "

Eight products: quail

In ancient times, "quail" and "quail" were originally two kinds of birds. Compendium of Materia Medica records: "Quails are similar to quails, and those without spots are quails." After the evolution of language, they are called one thing. Quail's "safety" is the homonym of "peace", so it has the symbolic meaning of "everything is safe" and "living and working in peace". Quails are used to indicate the rank of officials. In addition to the above meanings, according to Shan Hai Jing, "its birds and feathers are the best clothes for the emperor", which means that officials represent the image of the emperor and reflect the rules and dignity of the emperor.

Do: bluebird

Blue finches are also called practicing magpies and ribbon birds. Ribbon is an ornament worn by ancient emperors and officials, and it is a long strip woven with colorful silk brocade. The color and length of the ribbon vary according to the rank of the official. Therefore, all kinds of ribbons become symbols of power and wealth. Blue finches have similar tail feathers, so they are called ribbon birds. Ribbon birds therefore have the above symbolic significance. In addition, "Rhyme Society" said: "It is called sexual happiness", which means that a ribbon bird can give good news and can be used as an official supplement.

Supplementary service mode of military attache

Yipin: Kirin

Kirin is a mythical beast in ancient legends. "Dai Li" said: "The caterpillar is 360, and the forest is the longest." It is one of the Four Spirits of Dragon, Phoenix, Forest and Turtle. The appearance of Kirin is "Holy King Jia Rui". The explanation of Shuowen is: "Qi, benevolent beast also. Elk body oxtail, a corner. Lin, you too. " "Kirin is armed and harmless." "Kick with feet, top with forehead, and touch with horns. Otherwise, it is benevolence. " Therefore, the official rank image with Kirin as the first-class military attache not only symbolizes the kindness and auspiciousness of the emperor, but also symbolizes the image of the emperor "preparing for war without harming others." ?

The second product: sister-in-law

Sister-in-law is a kind of beast similar to a lion, which was directly interpreted as a lion by Guo Pu in Jin Dynasty. "Two ya?" "release the beast" said: "you can be a tiger. "According to the ninth volume of Yang Shen's Collection Outside the Mountaineering Temple in the Ming Dynasty:" It is said that the dragon gives birth to nine children, but not Jackie Chan, and each has its own interests ... eight times, they are like lions and good fireworks, so they stand in the incense burner. "Visible scorpion is a kind of dragon. Since "a tiger can lurk", it should be regarded as brave.

Triple product: leopard print

The explanation of Shuowen: "A leopard is like a tiger." Shan Hai Jing? "Nanshan Jing" describes: "There are many fierce leopards in Nanshan." The Book of Songs? Zheng Feng said: "Powerful". The military attache's supplementary order shows that the leopard is under the sister-in-law and above the tiger. It can be seen that the status of the ancient leopard as a beast is higher than that of the tiger and lower than that of the eldest sister-in-law, which is also based on its bravery.

Four products: tiger

Shuowen said that "the king of mountain beasts" is a great metaphor. Uncle Song? Fu Ruizhi said, "White tiger, if the king is not tyrannical, then the white tiger kernel will not do harm." Therefore, the tiger is the king of all animals, with the wisdom of the king and the model of "benevolence, wisdom and faith", so people regard it as an auspicious animal. It's auspicious to be able to keep faith and exorcise evil spirits. The symbol of the ancient emperor's military strength was the "tiger symbol". The gates of emperors and princes should be painted with tigers, so they are called "Humen". Tigers have been worshipped by generals since ancient times because they are brave and good at fighting. The general's camp is called "Tiger Account", and the brave are called "Tiger Ben", "Tiger Fu" and "Tiger Man". The list of martial arts champions in the Qing Dynasty is the "Tiger List".

Five products: bear

Shuowen explains: "Bears and beasts are like jackals, but they live in different places." Xiong Huchou, son's dog. The explanation of "Er Ya": "You are like a bear, Huang Baiwen." It can be seen that there are two kinds of descriptions of bears in ancient times: one is a bear and the other is a bear. According to "Mandarin? It is recorded today: "Yellow can enter the bedroom door. "Huang Neng", or "Yellow Bear", is bigger and braver than a bear. As an image of the rank of military attache, just like the Book of Songs? Xiaoya said, "Only a bear is unique, like a human being", and took its masculine meaning.

Six products: table

"Yangtze River Law" says: "The tiger is quiet and written, moving in virtue, and also coming out with its loyalty." Zhou Mi's "Return to the Heart and Miscellaneous Knowledge" in the Song Dynasty records: "As the saying goes, if a tiger gives birth to three children, there must be a tiger." Biao is the most vicious and can't eat anything. It can be seen that the tiger is different from the benevolent tiger and is a fierce and cruel animal. As a military attache, the rank image means that he is cruel to the enemy.

Seven products and eight products: rhinoceros

Interpretation of Shuowen: Rhinoceros, Nanwai cattle, with a corner in the nose and a corner on the top, like a tapir, from the cow to the tail. The skin of rhinoceros can be used as armor, but only the skin of water rhinoceros can be used. Yue language is called "the armour of water rhinoceros". The annotation of his book says: "There are mountain rhinoceros and water rhinoceros sent from outside today. The skin of the water rhinoceros has pearl armor, but the mountain rhinoceros does not. " The image of rhinoceros as a military attache means that its skin can be used to make armor, and its horns can be used to make spears with sharp weapons.

Do: hippocampus

The seahorse here is not a sea animal with a head like a horse, a single tail curled backwards and upwards, and a body length of more than ten centimeters, but a mythical sea animal with the same shape as a horse that eats grass on land and two wings on its back. Can fly in the sky, but also can cross the stormy waves. The origin of hippocampus is mysterious, and there is no information about its details and symbolic significance. When explaining tonic, it is only a few simple words: "Water beasts, like horses, can go both ways, which means that both land and water can attack and kill."

Although its words are short, its meaning is clear. It turns out that ancient times had high requirements for the lowest-ranking officers, who could command both infantry and naval water warfare. With such brave officers, the combat effectiveness of the army will certainly be extremely strong, and with such an army, the country will certainly be stable. The emperor can rest easy.

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Supplementary services _ Baidu Encyclopedia