Knowledge points in the first volume of senior two history

Learning needs to make a detailed plan. The plan itself has a strong constraint and supervision function for everyone, and the plan has both a guiding role and a promoting role in learning. Making a good study plan is an important means to improve work efficiency. The following are some knowledge points of senior two history that I have compiled for you, hoping to help you.

A compulsory knowledge point in the history of the first volume of senior two.

First, the content of Xia and Shang political system

1. Central Committee: the hereditary system of the throne replaces the abdication system;

(1) Xia Dynasty: The first state power, public power was above the whole society.

Time: 2070 BC; Capital: Yangcheng;

(2) Shang Dynasty: a dynasty with strong theocracy.

Time: 65438 BC+0600 BC; Capital: Yin, which is today's Anyang, Henan;

2. Participate in decision-making, be knowledgeable, be responsible for offering sacrifices to divination and recording divination, wishes and the history of major events in dynasties, and be in charge of military power.

Location: Hou Bo.

The influence of Xia-Shang political system: The political system in the early Xia-Shang period had a direct influence on the patriarchal clan system and the enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

2. The system of enfeoffment in the Western Zhou Dynasty: the obligations of the vassal states: guarding the territory, fighting with the followers, paying tribute and making pilgrimage to serve the country.

(1) time: BC 1046, the king of Wu destroyed the business and founded the state; Capital: Hao Jing;

(2) enfeoffment system:

A. The content of enfeoffment system: land and population

B enfeoffment targets: royal family, heroes, in-laws, former generations and old nobles.

Duties of vassals: guarding territory, following battles, paying tribute and making pilgrimage reports.

D The function of enfeoffment system: strengthened the local rule of the Zhou Emperor and expanded the ruling area. By the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the kingship was weak and the enfeoffment system was destroyed.

(3) the patriarchal clan system:

One purpose: to consolidate the ruling order formed by the enfeoffment system; Solve the contradiction between nobles in power, property and land inheritance.

B core: eldest son inheritance system. The eldest son is the main heir of land, property and power and has the privilege of ancestor worship.

Content C: The relationship between the big clan and the small clan is determined by the eldest son inheritance system, forming a patriarchal hierarchical relationship of "Zhou-vassal-Qingdafu-scholar".

D influence: it ensures the monopoly and privileged position of the nobility in politics and is conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

(4) Rites and music system: a tool to maintain the patriarchal clan system.

3. Economy in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

(1) Agriculture:

Agricultural production tools: the main materials are wood, stone, bone, lei, needle and so on.

Land system: well site system. (nominally owned by the state)

(2) handicraft industry:

Bronze manufacturing industry:

B. Silk industry:

C official handicraft industry: representing the production technology level of ancient handicraft industry. Run by the government, concentrated in large workshops, mostly military supplies and luxury goods, do not enter the market.

(3) Business:

During the Shang Dynasty, professional businessmen appeared.

B The Zhou Dynasty concentrated merchants and set up officials for unified management.

Second, the influence of Xia-Shang political system.

Positive influence: strengthening the local rule of the Zhou Emperor; Formed the political pattern of Zhou royal family holding the moon.

Negative effects: the kingship was weak in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and disputes among countries continued during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Third, the result of Xia-Shang political system.

The enfeoffment system was destroyed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty; At the end of the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family lost the right to enfeoffment.

Patriarchal system in the Western Zhou Dynasty;

1 content: maintain the political hierarchy with paternal blood and consolidate the national political system.

2 characteristics: the eldest son inheritance system

Influence: ensuring the monopoly and privileged position of the nobility is conducive to the stability and unity within the ruling group.

Knowledge points of history in the first volume of senior two.

I. Scientific and technological achievements

1, four great inventions appeared and completed: papermaking-paper unearthed from tombs in the Western Han Dynasty in Gansu Province, and "Cai Hou Paper" in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Compass-the name of the Warring States "Sina", used for navigation in the Song Dynasty; _—Used in the military during the Tang and Song Dynasties; Engraving printing appeared in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Diamond Sutra is the earliest known printed matter with exact date in the world. Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in Northern Song Dynasty.

2. The influence of the four great inventions on world civilization: papermaking, printing, cultural development, ideological emancipation (Renaissance, religious reform), bourgeois revolution, bourgeois regime, compass, new ship road and world market = = = In short, the world has entered the era of capitalism.

3, astronomy, agriculture, medicine

4. The characteristics of ancient science and technology in China.

5. Long-term world reasons of ancient science and technology in China.

6. Social reasons for the backwardness of modern science and technology in China.

Second, literary achievements.

(1) The Book of Songs: It contains more than 300 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. It is the source of realism and a Confucian classic.

(2) Songs of the South: Qu Yuan as the representative and Li Sao as the masterpiece, which is the source of romanticism. ("Feng" and "Sao" are also called)

(3) Han Fu: gorgeous words, exaggerated techniques, rich content, reflecting a unified scene. Representative figures include Sima Xiangru and Zhang Heng.

(4) Tang poetry: Social prosperity, opening to the outside world and imperial examinations promoted the prosperity of Tang poetry. Representative figures are Li, Du and Bai.

(5) Song Ci: There are graceful schools represented by Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao, and wild schools represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji.

(6) Yuan Qu: including Yuan Zaju and Sanqu, represented by Guan Hanqing and Ma Zhiyuan.

(7) Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties: With the development of commodity economy and the expansion of citizen class, four classical novels and classical Chinese short story Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and satirical novel The Scholars appeared.

Third, Chinese characters and calligraphy and painting

1. The origin and evolution of Chinese characters: Oracle Bone Inscriptions-Xiao Zhuan-Li Shu-regular script-running script (reading books to identify various fonts), the general trend is from complex to simple.

2. China's painting and calligraphy

(1) Calligraphers: Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (a calligrapher, the first running script in the world in Preface to Lanting), Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty (good at regular script).

(2) Classification of Chinese painting: figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird painting; During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, literati painting made outstanding achievements.

Fourth, the emergence and development of Peking Opera: During the Qianlong period, four Huizhou classes went to Beijing, and later, Huizhou opera and Han tune merged to form Peking Opera.

Knowledge points in the first volume of senior two history

First, the origin of western humanistic spirit (background, theme, representative figures, evaluation and influence)

1, School of the Wise (protagoras): "Man is the measure of all things", which affirmed the value of man.

Socrates: "People with thinking ability are the yardstick of everything", and virtue is knowledge (emphasizing the importance of morality), kindness and education.

3. Plato: utopia, division of labor, laying the foundation of rationalism.

4. Aristotle: The most learned man in ancient Greece on the human level in nature.

Two. Renaissance and Religious Reform (background, performance, significance, content, essence, purpose, core, dissemination and influence)

1, Renaissance background: budding capitalism, western trade, cultural heritage, talents.

2. The main achievements of the Italian Renaissance: Dante's Divine Comedy, Boccaccio's decameron (referred to as "The Melody of Man"), and Petrarch's proposal to replace "The Study of God" with "The Study of Man", known as the "Father of Humanism", is the author of the Collection of Songs.

3. Impact: Breaking the shackles of Catholicism, capitalist system, art and natural science.

4. The background of the Reformation: the oppression of Catholicism, the weak bourgeoisie.

5. Martin Luther's core proposition: being saved by faith (or: being justified by faith).

6. The significance of humanism during the Renaissance and the Reformation: affirming human values and pursuing humanity.

Three. Enlightenment (background, content, people and influence)

1, background: progress and development of capitalism, bourgeois regime, _ _, natural science, British revolution.

2. The main ideas of enlightenment thinkers

(1) Montesquieu: the representative work "On the Spirit of Law", _ _, advocates natural human rights and the separation of powers (the core is the balance of powers).

(2) Voltaire: representative work "Philosophical Exchange", _ _, advocates natural human rights, freedom and equality.

(3) Rousseau: his masterpiece On Social Contract, _ _, advocates natural human rights, people's sovereignty and social contract.

(4) Kant: advocates freedom of thought.

3. The Enlightenment's Development of Humanism: Defending Human Rights.

4. Social influence of the Enlightenment: It promoted ideological emancipation, influenced the French-American War of Independence and the establishment of the federal government, the Reform Movement in China, the Revolution of 1911 and the New Culture Movement.

Summary of compulsory knowledge points of history in senior two

Measures to improve the imperial examination system

1, measures taken by Emperor Taizong to improve the imperial examination system

Emperor Taizong advocated knowing people by virtue. Therefore, Emperor Taizong expanded the school and strengthened management. Imperial academy is the institution in charge of the central school, with six subjects: Guo Zi, imperial academy, Four Subjects, Law, Calligraphy and Arithmetic.

2. Wu Zetian's measures to improve the imperial examination system.

Wu Zetian paid special attention to the imperial examination. She personally took a few days' tribute examination in Luocheng Guild Hall, ordered all the names of people who were re-examined by the official department to be pasted off, and held a secret examination, which created a precedent for future generations to answer the questions of "palace examination" and "pasting names". After Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, she also made an exception and opened the martial arts department, that is, in the year of the imperial examination, she also took the martial arts examination, which included riding and shooting, stepping, carbine, weight bearing, etc. Those who passed the examination could be appointed as military officers.

3. Measures taken by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to improve the imperial examination system.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Jinshi became both an examination of poetry and fu, and poetry and fu became the most important examination content. Jinshi also became the most important examination subject in the Tang Dynasty.

Establishment and perfection of imperial examination system

1. Reason

Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, officials were mostly selected from the children of the gentry, while the children of the common people, who were really talented and knowledgeable, could not be senior officials. With the decline of the gentry and the rise of civilian landlords, it was impossible to continue to pay attention to Jiupin in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

2. Purpose: to ease class contradictions, attract talents, crack down on powerful landlords and strengthen centralization.

set up

In the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began to select officials by examination of different subjects. By the time of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination was formally established, and the imperial examination system was formally established.

4. Development

In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong attached importance to the cultivation and selection of talents, expanded the scale of Chinese studies, expanded the learning museum and increased the number of students. Wu Zetian strongly advocated the imperial examination and increased the imperial examination and martial arts. During Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, senior officials were appointed to preside over the examination, which improved the status of the imperial examination. Poetry and prose were the main examination contents of Jinshi.

Related articles on knowledge points in the first volume of history of Grade Two in senior high school:

★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of senior two history.

★ Summary of history knowledge points in the last semester of Senior Two.

★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of the second grade of history.

★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of senior two history.

★ Organize the knowledge points of history in the first volume of Senior Two.

★ Summary of historical knowledge points in Senior Two.

★ Summary of history knowledge points in Senior Two and its review materials.

★ Summarize the knowledge points of senior two history.

★ Compulsory knowledge points of history in senior two.

★ Knowledge points of history in the last semester of Senior Two.

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