Exploring the origin of Chen's surname

Chen's surname comes from five sources.

First, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, with the country as their surname, are the ancestors of Hu Gongman.

At the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, Chen's surname was mainly Gong Man. According to legend, Hu Gongman is a descendant of Yu Shun, one of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors.

Shun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother was inhuman. He was often beaten and abused, but he resigned himself to his fate and showed more respect to his stepmother. He is famous all over the world because he likes filial piety. By the end of Emperor Yao's reign, he not only married his two daughters JL Zuihe, but also passed on his throne to others. Therefore, when Shun was in power, the world was in power and the people were prosperous. In addition, he often "adjusted the jade candle, rested on the long wind, ate burnt fire and drank away from Liquan", and shared joys and sorrows with the people, so he won the support of more people. After his death, it spread to Hu Gongman at the age of 35, and was enfeoffed to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan) to establish a vassal state and defend the royal family. From then on, Hu Gongman was called because he was sealed in Chen, and the country he founded was also called Chen. Later, his descendants also took the country name as their surname, Chen.

In the era of the Yellow Emperor, chariots were widely used. Huangdi invented the high-wheeled vehicle, so it was also called Xuanyuan nationality. Chen is an important branch of Huangdi clan, and is also the in-laws of Huangdi clan. "Married Chen Feng's daughter and gave birth to (Yao)" (Historical Records of the Five Emperors). Di Ku is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Zhuan Xu. "Ucg, pioneer, bond also. Overseas Chinese took Chen Fengsheng from, and Chen (female) was born in Diyao, Qizhi Fengqiu and Chen Yi. " (The History of Taoism, the Collection of Country Names, Ji Ji) In researches, personal statements, justice and other works, Feng, Feng and Bang are all considered to be identical in general meaning, while Chen Feng and Chen Feng refer to the same thing. ) It can be seen that the Huangdi clan and the earliest recorded Chen clan are two intermarried twins. The grandson's daughter-in-law of the Yellow Emperor and the great-grandson's daughter-in-law are both members of the Chen family. Through this blood relationship, they formed a strong foundation for the grand alliance of Yan and Huang clans and tribes. The Yellow Emperor started in Jishui, located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. Now there is Xuanyuan Valley in the south of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and Jishui in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. The origin of the Chen tribe is likely to be nearby. There is Chencang Mountain in the west of Qishan County today. It is about forty miles away from today's Baoji city. Chencang Mountain, also known as Chen Feng, is like a chicken stone, so it is also called Jifeng. At the foot of the mountain is Chen Ban, who may be the earliest place where the Chen Feng tribe lived. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Wengong got a jewel shaped like a chicken. When the immortal of Baoji comes, he will find a voice, like a pheasant crowing. So Qin Wengong built a temple in Chenban and named it Chenbaodian. In the Tang Dynasty, this generation was called Baoji County.

The Huangdi tribe is good at making this kind of multi-spoke high-wheeled vehicle. He and his descendants lived a nomadic life, constantly migrating on the grassland. The whole tribe lined up in a long motorcade. When moving from one pasture to another, men, women, children and property are all put in cars, and high-wheeled carts are pulled by cattle and horses to advance on the vast grassland. When encountering an attack from a hostile tribe, the motorcade will be arranged horizontally to block the enemy's impact. This is the "array" in primitive society, that is, the car war. People are holding weapons to meet the enemy, standing in the car, and there are infantry fighting beside the car. When night fell quietly, the tribal chief ordered his members to line up the motorcade in a circle, where people and animals lived. On the vast grassland where there is no danger to defend, a strong temporary castle suddenly formed. This castle surrounded by high-wheeled vehicles can not only resist the sneak attack of enemies or wild animals, but also resist the invasion of cold wind, bringing people and animals a sense of security. From this, we can appreciate the deep brand left by the life of high-wheeler to this family. So, what kind of person is the Yellow Emperor? According to Sima Qian's historical records, the Yellow Emperor was the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan. It is said that the Yellow Emperor was able to speak when he was born, and he showed superhuman intelligence when he was very young. He is eloquent, eloquent, honest, alert and resourceful.

At the time of the Yellow Emperor, Shennong had declined, and the princes fought and invaded each other, oppressing the people, and Shennong was unable to conquer. The Yellow Emperor, who grew up in troubled times, realized that the world must be pacified by force. As long as there is strong force, it is not difficult to pacify the princes who dominate the land and create chaos. So he practiced martial arts and array every day. A few years later, Wen Tao became proficient in martial arts. So, he first led his troops to crusade against those arrogant princes who didn't pay tribute. As a result, the princes were killed and fled, and other princes saw that the situation was not good and joined them. After the situation stabilized, on the one hand, Huangdi treated the people well and taught them to grow grain, on the other hand, he prepared horses and taught them to learn to fight. After gaining power, he first fought against Emperor Yan, who disturbed the tribe, in the wilderness of Hanquan (now southeast of Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), and won three out of three. Later, he led the troops to kill Chiyou in Zhuolu (now Hebei). After these two fierce battles, the yellow emperor's prestige increased greatly, and all the princes unanimously elected him as the son of heaven. Since then, he has been acclaimed as the leader of the tribal alliance by tribal leaders.

The Yellow Emperor lived in Xuanyuan Mountain and married the daughter of Xiling family named Leizu. Lei Zu is the main palace of the Yellow Emperor. He has two sons: one is Xiao Xuan, who lives in Huishui; The other is Changyi, who lives in Ruoshui. Changyi has a son named Zhuan Xu. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he succeeded to the throne and used Levin's name.

Zhuan Xu is quiet and wise, and respects talents. During his administration, guests from all directions came to Korea. After the death of Jing Zhuan, the throne was inherited by Gao Xin, the son of Xuantao, namely Di Ku. According to generations, Di Ku is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Di Ku was also a wise monarch, who was deeply loved by the people for his benevolent policies and caring for their sufferings.

There are four wives and four sons. The first one is called Zhi, and the second one is called Zhi. After death, Zhi inherited the throne. After he became emperor, his national strength became weaker and weaker because of his poor talent and poor governance. However, Gu Xun, who was named Marquis of the Tang Dynasty, managed the land of the Tang Dynasty in an orderly way because of his outstanding talent. So Ji gave him the throne. Fang Xun, the heir to the throne, was called Emperor Yao or Tang Yao in history. Emperor Yao is a famous saint in history. He once set officials in charge of seasons and calendars. He also consulted April and chose Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited the throne.

Shun's mother's name is Walden. She was born in the ruins of Yao because she saw a big rainbow. The suspect holding Deng hostage is a human being, that is, Deng's daughter. Shun word Zhonghua, also known as Zhonghua, Chongming. It is named after his two eyes with three pupils. He has a square head and a square brain, a long face and a big mouth, and dark skin. He is six feet one inch tall (equivalent to five feet three inches today). Shun's father Gu Sou and his stepmother tried their best to kill him when he was a minor, but Shun was born very generous. Every time he was beaten and scolded, his reaction was not hatred and violence, but resignation. If you are hit hard, you can escape, and if you are hit lightly, you can bear it. Instead of complaining about the injustice of the world, he is more filial to his parents and loves his siblings. He is "studious and filial, well known all over the world, caring for his family, generous and gentle, sensitive, afraid of heaven and loving the people, and compassionate and close to the people." Shun was forced to go to Lishan Mountain, where there were many civil disputes. He gets up early and works hard. Under his leadership, the disputes around Lishan were solved and the grain harvest was unprecedented. During this period, he found a jade wall in a place called Hutchison, and he felt the good omen of fate.

Shun's success and efforts are deeply admired by Mrs. Shun and Xiang. Shun's forbearance and humility did not impress his parents and younger brother. On one occasion, they ordered Shun to build a wall in the grain depot, and then set fire to the warehouse, trying to burn Shun to death. On another occasion, they ordered Shun to dig a well and then fill it up with earth and bury Shun alive. Shun has a good sister named Nvguo, who sympathizes with her brother's experience. She tipped Shun off again and again.

When Emperor Yao chose his successor, the four mountains chose Shun, so Yao married his two daughters, He, to observe his housekeeping. E Huang and Nv Ying abide by women's morality, never look down on Shun's aristocratic relatives, be filial to their in-laws and be humble to their brother-in-law. But all this did not impress Shun's parents. So, Shun had to leave his hometown and took his wife to Guishui, which is now the southern district of Zhou Pu Town, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. His descendants took the place name as their surname and called it Gui.

At the age of 50, Shun began to handle world affairs for Emperor Yao, with outstanding achievements. Fifty-eight years old, Emperor Yao died, and Shun kept filial piety for three years. He ascended the throne at the age of 6 1 with the support of ministers. At this time, he was an old man with frosty sideburns.

Shun's opponents are four murderers: Xiang Dou, Gong Gong, Gun, Sanmiao and Yao's son. Shun first got rid of the leaders of the four tribes of Xiangdou, Gonggong, Gungun and Sanmiao, and then drove these four tribes to remote areas in all directions. The struggle with Dani seems more arduous and takes longer. In this struggle, Shun adopted a flexible wrist. This fully shows Shun's political talent.

Three years after Shun Di ascended the throne, Danzhu, as the orthodox representative of the big tribe of Yanhuang, was still very powerful and threatening. Shun made a gesture to show his willingness to give way to Dani. Finally, he had to give up because of the opposition of governors and people around him. He sealed Danzhu in Fangling, making the tribe led by Danzhu a guest country of Yu State. In order to win the hearts of the people, Shun carefully organized his own authority. Members include Yu, Qi, Hou Ji, Boyi, Yi, Flea and Peng Zu. Among them, only, Qi, Yi belong to Dongyi, and the rest belong to Huangdi. It fully shows Shun's broad mind, psychologically downplays the dispute between Dongyi and Yanhuang tribes, and effectively divides opponents. In the struggle between Shun and He, they once gained the upper hand, forcing Shun to retreat. Shun took a series of political measures to get rid of the four murderers first, and then gradually defeated the Danzhu forces, forcing Danzhu to become a subordinate of the Yu tribal alliance. At this time, Shun was eighty-one years old.

Shunjian capital is in Puban, and now it is Dongsanliyu Township, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. There are Shunmiao Temple in Puban City, Shunfu and Feiertan outside the city, Lishan and Guishui nearby, and the place names of Heze in Zhou Pu have been transplanted.

During his reign, he was conscientious, upright, politically clear, and stable and peaceful at home. After the southern tour, he collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu (south of ningyuan county, Hunan) and was buried at the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. Without a son, the heroine has a son, whose name is Shangjun. Because she has no talent for governing the country, Shun appointed Dayu, who has made meritorious contributions to water control, as her successor.

After Dayu succeeded to the throne, Feng Shun's son lived in Yu (southwest of Yucheng County, Henan Province) and was called Yu's family. As Shun is his son and once established his capital in Puban, another descendant of Feng Shun settled in Yuxiang (Yongji County, Shanxi Province) near Puban, and the leader was. Sui Yu's descendants were once sealed in Sui Dynasty (now south of Feicheng County, Shandong Province) and destroyed by Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shang Tang destroyed Xia Hou, and another descendant of Feng Yusui was joy chen, where Gu Chenfeng lived, near Wanqiu (now southeast of Huaiyang County, Henan Province).

Due to the failure of Yushun people in the struggle with Yu Xia family, Youyu tribe headed by Shang Jun retreated in all directions. Except for the Shang Dynasty, which was sealed in Yucheng County, Liang State, and this part stayed in the Central Plains, most people of Shun migrated to the south, north and east on a large scale, and many tribes merged with the Xia nationality, becoming the backbone of the Chinese nation.

From Xia Dynasty to Shang Dynasty, with the migration and retreat of Yu Shun's descendants, their traces were gradually buried in historical records.

About 5,000 years ago, the Chen tribe moved eastward with the Huangdi clan to the fertile plain of the Central Plains. Tribes in Chen Feng began to change from nomadic life to agricultural settlement life, and settled in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County). Zhuan Xu has a state-owned "Mountain of Zhou Chen" (Mountain and Sea Sutra, Huangda South Sutra), and this "Mountain of Zhou Chen" is Wanqiu. Although Wanqiu is famous, it is actually just a small mound with a height of no more than forty or fifty meters. Because it stands on the endless plain, it is particularly eye-catching. After thousands of years of flooding and siltation, the Yellow River and Huaihe River have been buried by sediment for 20 to 30 meters. Today, the remaining Wanqiu is just a small mound slightly above the ground.

At the end of Shang Dynasty, a descendant of Shang Jun, a man named "Shoufu", arrived in Zhou State and became an official of pottery. Because of his superb pottery-making skills, he won the favor of Zhou Wen Wang Jichang. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the son of Ji Chang () chased the ancestors and adherents, named the son of Ji Chang Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), took the name of Chen State to replace Chen, and betrothed his eldest daughter Tai Ji to him. After Gui Man's death, posthumous title was from Gong Hu, so he was also called Gong Hu. Chen's tomb is near the lake in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Because the moat flooded into its site, it was blocked by iron, commonly known as the iron tomb.

Chen's capital is Wanqiu, which we are very familiar with now. Although the tribe in Chen Feng was first recorded in ancient books, part of this tribe was integrated into the Huangdi clan, and the other part was sold in historical records.

Chen Feng once said that there is elm in the east gate and elm is white elm, which is still an important tree species in the Yellow River basin and Huaibei area. The water in the car door pool is crystal clear, and the pool is covered with elms. I think the scenery is beautiful. Therefore, Textual Research on Poetic Geography says: "Shi Mao said: The East Gate is a land of hills and valleys. Dai Shi said: Chen Shi often mentions the East Gate, which must be a good place for Chen people to travel. Fan Shi said: Choose a high place and be happy. Wanqiu East Gate should be a place with elegant scenery in the city and a place for Chen Chenmin to play.

Wanqiu was the old capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, ancient Huang San, so there was a painting platform in the north of the city. "It is said that Fuxi got a turtle from Caishui and began to draw eight diagrams." In the northwest of Lisancheng, there is a tomb of Fuxi, which covers an area of about five hectares and is commonly known as the temple of people. Yarrow grows around the tomb, which is several feet high and has a stone tablet in front. No, Fuxi Tomb. Of course, there are also some buildings that have been added and repaired through the ages. However, before the Spring and Autumn Period, Taigaoling and Huahuatai existed, and they were places of entertainment for Chen Guojun citizens. If you climb up here and look far, you can see a panoramic view within 20 miles. This is really a refreshing pleasure. In recent years, many pottery pieces, pipe tiles, slab tiles and rammed soil layers of ancient city walls have been unearthed in Wanqiu area.

After the prosperity of Shun Dynasty, the descendants of Yu Shun once declined in Xia Dynasty and slightly improved in Shang Dynasty. Since the eldest daughter was married to a noble and knighted by Chen, her status has begun to stand out. As a blood relative and vassal of the Zhou Dynasty, Chen was favored by the son of King Wen and later Kang Wang and Zhao Wang.

In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, Zhou and Han were both great powers in the Central Plains. Wanqiu, the capital of Chen State, is located in Sanli, the east of Huaiyang County, Henan Province, which is surrounded by Caihe River. The whole territory of Chen is located in the eastern plain of Henan. Qingshui River, Cihe River, Heihe River, Mingxi River and Huiji River, tributaries of Huaihe River, are distributed in the east and flow into Huaihe River from northwest to southwest. Shui Ying, another major tributary of the Huaihe River, and some small tributaries of Shui Ying, such as Liuye River, Jia Luhe River and Shahe River, flow into the Huaihe River from west to southeast to northwest. Of course, the names of these rivers are mostly formed because of the vicissitudes of history. However, Shui Ying is an old name since 2000-3000, but its tributary Liusha River was called Pushui in ancient times. When it was sealed, it was only a hundred miles away from Chen, and there were nearly 800 feudal princes in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the four seas were divided into Kyushu and Fiona Fang. Each country has 30 vassals in Fiona Fang, 60 in Fiona Fang and 120 in Fiona Fang. There are 1773 countries in Kyushu, not counting the governors of these governors. At the same time, it stipulates that the Duke and Marquis countries, Fiona Fang thyme; Seventy miles from Fiona Fang, the earl country; The country of viscount and baron, Fiona Fang 50 li; Small countries less than 50 miles have become vassals of neighboring countries. Chen is not only a Hou country, but also a hundred miles away, located in the rich and flat Central Plains, with rich products and developed culture in ancient times. According to legend, it is the capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, which shows its status and importance.

Chen's territory is on the plain. Not only the land is flat and fertile, but also the ditches are vertical and horizontal, which is beneficial to irrigation. In addition, the climate is mild and suitable for crop growth. This is a rich area with rich products. Therefore, with its unique geographical location, Chen has developed rapidly. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, together with Cai and Zheng, became a big country in the Central Plains and played a decisive role. However, because the monarch of Chen was unable to do his best to govern the country, and the courtiers were unable to help the country wholeheartedly, the monarch was above and the ministers were below, and political corruption led to the decline of the country. In 479 BC, King Hui of Chu invaded the north and killed Chen Minggong, the last monarch of the State of Chen. After Chen died, he set up a county in his hometown.

It took 588 years for Guiman to seal Chen to death in Chu, and * * * spread to the 20th and 26th generations of kings. After the national subjugation, the descendants of Chen took the original country name as their surname, so they got the surname of Chen.

Second, for the descendants of Chen Guogong.

After Gui Man's death, some of Chen's descendants took the country as their surname, namely Chen. In addition to Chen Wan, the main clan, there were three descendants of Chen Guogong who took the country as their surname from civil strife to national subjugation. According to historical records, one of them lives in Chenliu, from Liu Liu, the son of Chen Aigong. The second person who lives in Wu Yang or Yingchuan is Chen Yanren, the eldest son of Chen Gangong. The third person living in Gushi is Chen Lian, the second son of Chen (residence+people+Japan).

Third, the ethnic minority Chen surname

According to "Shu Wei Guanshi", the Xianbei people of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Five Dynasties originally had the surname of Hou, and moved to Luo with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowen carried out the sinicization reform and changed his surname to Chen in 496.

The Chen family of the Jurchen nationality was mainly changed by the Jurchen nationality and the royal family, some of which were formed at the end of the Jin Dynasty.

Chen, a Mongolian, is the surname given by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, to the Mongolian aristocrats who descended from the Ming Dynasty.

There are two situations of Manchu Chen: first, during the reign of Nurhachi at the end of Jin Dynasty, people living in the northeast were forced to change to Manchu Chen; Second, the Manchu in this department changed its surname to Chen, and it still belongs to Manchu.

Chen of the Hani nationality, such as Chen Wenxing, a member of the National Ethnic Committee, and Chen Pilu, the fifth member, are all Chen of the Hani nationality.

Dong Chen, such as Chen Yi, associate professor of Guangxi University for Nationalities, and Chen Lichunyuan, author of Excellent Traditional Architectural Art, are all Dong Chen.

Tujia Chen, such as Chen Zhongxin, a representative of the Sixth National People's Congress and a native of Hubei, is Tujia Chen.

Buyi Chen, such as Chen Yongkang, deputy director of Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, is Buyi Chen.

Chen is the Yao nationality in Huangbudong Yao, Mareidong Yao, Zhenyuandong Yao and Rucheng Yao in Xinning County, Hunan Province. The fifteenth surname of Dayaoshan in Guangxi also has Chen.

Chen, a Jing nationality, is surnamed, such as Chen Runfen (female), a representative of the Sixth National People's Congress and a native of Fangcheng County, Guangxi.

Chen Hua (female), the representative of the Sixth People's Congress of Qiang nationality, is from Maowen County, Sichuan Province.

When Hui Chen Wei-zu was in the Ming Dynasty, Hui Chen in Licheng, Shandong Province was designated as the tomb of Suludong, and was buried in Beiying Village, the northern suburb of Dezhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chen was the Hui people who moved from various parts of Henan to Sancha Road and Yingxi Street in Shashi, Hubei.

Michelle ChenMiao, such as Chen Side, member of Guangdong Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, and Chen Jiashou, chairman of Chengbu CPPCC, are all Michelle ChenMiao. In addition, there are ethnic minorities such as Chen, Li, Yi, Korean, Bai, Gaoshan and She.

Fourth, his last name is his last name.

Cao's surname was changed to Chen's surname: Chen, a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, was originally surnamed Cao. Chen's daughter got married and gave birth to four sons, and then disappeared.

Gao's surname was changed to Chen's: At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a man named Cao Xianlai married his mother's surname Chen, this Cao surname.

In the Song Dynasty, Chen, one of Chen's descendants, became a big official, and the official even participated in politics (deputy prime minister), so Chen became a famous family in Haining. There is a family named Gao in Haining, Zhejiang Province, which was after the Qing River King in the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. After several changes in the valley, his descendants quietly lived in Haining and became ordinary people. By the time the Fourteenth Generation was highlighted, history had entered the Yuan Dynasty. Because he was penniless, he had to let his wife adopt him in the Chen family and change his surname to Chen. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, his real name was Gao, and he worked in the Han Dynasty established by Hun Liu Cong. Because the diviner said that his birth date was taboo for his father, he changed his surname to Chen. In the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian had a confidant, a righteous man in Hedong, who changed his surname to Chen and was named Earl.

The surname of Bai was changed to Chen: There was another general in the Sui Dynasty named Chen Yonggui, who was originally a conference officer in Longyou (generally referring to the area west of Longshan, which is equivalent to the area west of Liupanshan and east of the Yellow River in Gansu Province). His surname is Bai, and he was highly valued by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. He is, Lan, Li and Chen Gong of Fengbei County. Yong Gui takes Chen Zi in the title as his surname. After the Ming Dynasty unified the whole country, Zhu Yuanzhang often gave the Han surname to win over the Mongolian aristocrats who had fallen to the Ming Dynasty, such as Chen Shouzhong and Chen Yuan. During the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty in southern Anhui perished, and most of Li Wang's cold pens were moved to China. His son was renamed Chen Cheng and became an official in the Ministry of Industry.

Chen's surname was changed to other surnames: Xu Changgong and Wei Chi in the Western Wei Dynasty, but the time was short, and Chen's surname was restored in the early Sui Dynasty; At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chen, a native of Xiangtan, Hunan Province, was born in a poor family, and one person changed his surname to Guo Jintai.

In the early years of Sui Dynasty, Bai Yonggui changed his surname to Chen, who has been called Chen for thousands of years.

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Bo (Bai) was a descendant of the previous dynasty and was an official in the mainland. Because of his few surnames and fear of discrimination, he also changed his surname to Chen, Han nationality. Since then, he has also been called Chen Yonggui. He has the name of Sun, and history books also call him Chen. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were four Chen family members from Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, all surnamed Chen.

In the Yuan Dynasty, 14 Sun Gaoliang, the former king of Qinghe in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was adopted by his wife, and his descendants changed their surname to Chen. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was given the surname Chen and his grandson, and later he was appointed as Wu Pingbo from the official to the right.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty of Annan was destroyed, and the son of King Li Cheng was renamed Chen Cheng, Shi Mingren, the official to the minister of the Ministry of Industry, and later generations also took Chen as their surname.

Later generations changed their surname to Chen and called Guangling Chen.

V. Chen Yingmin and the Fallen Man

A water resident named Chen.

"Water residents", formerly known as residents or households, refer to residents who are engaged in fishing or water transportation in coastal harbors and inland rivers of Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi, and most of them take boats as their homes. So, how did the Miao people named Chen form? According to "Modern Geography of People's Livelihood in Fujian", "People often go on water and take boating as their profession. According to legend, Chen Youliang's defeated soldiers were driven away for the sake of the Ming Dynasty. "

As for the fallen man, Bai Meichu's "Human Geography of China" explains: "There are two theories about the origin. A description of the department that captured Chen Youliang was compiled as a beggar "; Ming Taizu destroyed Chen Youliang, captured his descendants Jiuzu, degraded people, and became a cheap musician, which was not in line with Qi Min's teeth. Chen Youliang was originally a fisherman. He joined the Red Scarf Army in the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and later became the most powerful armed force in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, competing with Zhu Yuanzhang. 1360, he killed Xu Shouhui, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, calling himself Emperor Han, which aroused Zhu Yuanzhang's resentment. 1363 fought a decisive battle with Zhu Yuanzhang's army in Poyang Lake and suffered a heavy defeat. In August, he broke through the Yangtze River from Hukou, was shot dead by an arrow, and the whole army was wiped out. His descendants and subordinates were brutally persecuted by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although the surname Chen is bitter, it still retains the title of family system and remains the surname Chen.

Introduction document

Chen immigrant history

Chen immigrant history

Migration from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Jin Dynasty

After the demise of the State of Chen, Chen Minggong's eldest son Jane, in order to avoid the disaster of national subjugation, changed her name to Yan, and fled to (in the northeast of lankao county, Henan Province). After that, she married Tan's wife and gave birth to two sons, the eldest son named Chen Lian and the second son named Chen Ji. Both of them were officials in the State of Qi, and their descendants were famous western Han dynasties. Chen Mingong's second son, Quan Wen, fled to the State of Jin (present-day Shanxi), and his descendant, Chen Menglian, was named Hou Xiang of Gushi (present-day Henan), so he moved to Gushi. His sixth grandson, Chen, believed in his way, did not drive, and had good politics and no children. So he took Yingchuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty as his heir, and Chen chen, his descendant, was old and high, and sent his fifth son Xin as a guardian in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.

In Chen's early migration, another one moved to Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan) because of asylum. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng, the first peasant uprising leader in China, was born. In the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), Chen Sheng, as the stationmaster, was ordered to lead the requisitioned people to station in Yuyang (southwest of Miyun County, Beijing). He was caught in a heavy rain on the road and couldn't arrive on time. According to the law, those who miss the deadline will be beheaded. Chen Sheng and Guangwu were forced to take risks, attacked and killed a captain who escorted the garrison, and led 900 garrison uprising. The whole world rose up and responded, and the momentum grew rapidly. When he entered Chen County, he was elected as the king by his subordinates and was named Zhang Chu, which means "Zhang Da Chu State". He sent troops to attack the city and occupied many places. Later, Qin Jun retaliated and advanced to Chen, the capital of Zhang Chu. Chen Sheng was forced to retreat with his troops. When he went to his father in the lower city (now southeast of Guoyang County, Anhui Province), he was killed by the driver Zhuang Jia. His bones were buried at the southwest foot of Mangdang Mountain in yongcheng city. After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, 30 households were set aside every year to guard Chen Sheng's tomb and offer sacrifices. After several generations of repairs, Chen Sheng's tomb still stands tall, surrounded by pines and cypresses. In front of the tomb, there is a tombstone inscribed by Guo Moruo, "Tomb of Chen Shengzhi, the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty", which is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were frequent wars in the Central Plains, and people from all walks of life fled across the south of the Yangtze River and moved to various provinces in the south of the Yangtze River. Some people moved to Fujian province, including Chen. Chen and Lin, Huang, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu were the earliest immigrants who entered Fujian from the Central Plains. The Book of Min records: "In the second year of Yongjia, the Central Plains swayed and clothes began to enter Fujian, so-called Lin, Huang, Chen, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu also."

Immigrants in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

In the second year of Tang Gaozong (669), the ethnic minorities in southern Fujian were in turmoil. They attacked the city and plundered the pool, beheaded and raised the flag, washed the local government to pieces, and urgent documents poured into the court like snowflakes. Zheng Chen, a native of Gushi, Henan Province, served as the general manager of Lingnan March, and led a crusade against more than 3,000 soldiers. Zheng Chen was at a loss and had to stick to the city. When he saw that he couldn't win, he sent his brother to Gushi Martial Arts School, and met him with a surname of 58. Unexpectedly, Chen Min and Chen Fu did not adapt to the harsh climate in the town, and they died one after another. At that time, there was no master in the army, and it was a mess. When her mother Wei (said to be the younger sister of Prime Minister Emperor Taizong) joined the army, she stepped forward to command the army and was stationed in Yunxiao County, Fujian Province. In 677, Zheng Chen died, and his son Chen Yuanguang led the army instead of his father.

At that time, Yuan Guang was a 20-year-old young man of Z0. He was well-read, proficient in literature and military tactics, and he commanded the army with ease. After nine years of hard work, the war finally subsided. In order to develop the fertile soil of southern Fujian, he invited the court to set up Zhangzhou County to carry out large-scale economic and cultural construction. Yuan Guang took care of painting personally (b6), selected talents and talents, reclaimed wasteland, attracted refugees, built water conservancy projects, persuaded farmers to teach mulberry and set up schools, so that there was no war in Nantah and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, which was called the Promised Land. Chen Yuanguang was later buried here. Four generations of his grandparents and grandchildren were the officers of Zhangzhou, which lasted for a century and made this desolate and remote place prosper. Chen Yuanguang's descendants have also thrived here, becoming local nobles, living in Raoping and Chenghai. The local people called Yuan Guang the founder of the "North Temple" and honored him as the holy king of Zhang Kai, worthy of the name.

Later generations were called "Wang Sheng School", which became the most important branch of the Chen family in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Nanyang Islands. In order to show their reverence, the local people built Chenwang Temple in many places, including more than 100 in Fujian, 53 in Taiwan Province Province and more than 20 in Nanyang Islands. Several "Zhang Kai Shengwang Temples" in southern Fujian, such as Yi Yan Palace and Wei Hui Temple, are as large in scale and full of incense as some large Buddhist temples and Taoist temples in mainland China.

In the middle Tang Dynasty, Chen Yong, the son of Chen Zhong, a descendant of Chen Yan in Yingchuan, was a scholar, and the official was Prince Taifu. Due to the exclusion of Prime Minister Li, Xuanzong led his family to move from Jingzhao Wannian (now Chang 'an, Shaanxi) to Jiahe, Tongan, Fujian, and then moved to Nanxiangshan, Zhangzhou. His son Chen Yixing was then the prime minister of Tang Wenzong. Chen, a native of Xianyou, Fujian, is a descendant of Chen Yong. He once served as an ambassador in the army of Fujian vassal king, and made great achievements with his talent and courage. After Yan Zheng's death, Chen went to Nantang and gave his son Shao Cheng as a gift. Li Yu, the queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, was very happy and appointed Chen as an observer in all southern states. Soon, the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty, and Chen knew that he could not compete with the Song Dynasty. So he went to appear before Song Taizong, presented Zhang Quan and Zhangzhou, and made Wuning Army stay in Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). Chen's two sons were appointed as Quanzhou secretariat and Zhangzhou secretariat respectively, and their descendants flourished. Later, it developed into a noble family in southern Fujian. It is known as the "Taifu School" because its ancestors came from Chen Yongguan to the Prince's Mansion, and Chen Yong is honored as the ancestor of the "South Courtyard".

In the second year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 16), a man named Chen Mai led troops to defend Putian, and later returned to the Tang Dynasty as the magistrate of Kaipu County, which was the beginning of Chen's entry into Putian. During his tenure as county magistrate, Chen Mai benefited a lot. Because he loves the beautiful forests and valleys here, he settled here after becoming an official. After his death, the local people built a temple to worship. His descendants, known as "Eighteen Chens", have become the famous surnames of Putian. Chen built a ancestral temple in the east of the county government, named "Chonggong Temple", and its main building still exists, retaining the architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Wang Chao, a native of Gushi (present-day Henan) in the Five Dynasties, served as the head of the army under Wang Xu, went to Zhangzhou with the army, and later served as an observer in Fujian. After his death, his younger brother Wang Shenzhi inherited a powerful army as our ambassador. In 909, Wang was named King of Fujian. There are two military schools following Brother Wang into Fujian. The first one is Chen. According to Liu Qiu's "Chen Gong Zhen Xiang Xing", "Chen Zhixian, a native of Gushi, Gwangju, was taboo in the chaos at the end of the Tang Dynasty and entered Fujian from Wang."

The migration of Chen's surname fen

Changsha Chen surname: Some people say it is after Chen Chaochen and Bernard Tan's son Chen Shuming. Uncle Ming moved to Jiangzhou because of the demise of the Chen Dynasty. His ninth grandson Wang Chen moved to Yimen again. Wang Chen's seventh grandchildren are Chen Chong and Chen Duan. , Chiang Kai-shek, arise and collect contributions from Pingkou, and make General Wei Lie the governor of Tanzhou. In the second year of Tongguang (924), Chen Duan resigned in his later years and settled in Datong Hall in Wuyang Township, Changsha. When Jiangzhou Yimen was supported, Chen Duan's descendants also moved to Changsha Datang, Jinkeng Meiju, Liantian Canglang, Shuihe Li Tou, Huahui Fuchi, Sangtian Temple and Shi Tian Village. Then moved to Dabutian, tan shan, Qingshan, Yinghuochong Bridge, Changputang, Guanqiao Northwest City, Benfu Smoke Lane and Bixiang Street; Then move the water to cross the river, Huangnichong, Zhou Hu and Shaotang; Also moved to Chetiaohe, Pingtang and Qingtangwan. Now, the eighth generation grandchildren have 1 1 sons. When the house was divided, they lived in Changsha, Pingjiang, Liuyang, Xiangyin and other counties, and Changsha still ranked first.

According to the genealogy of other Chen surnames in Changsha, some people say that not all Chen surnames in Changsha come from Chen Duan, some from Taihe County, Ji 'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, some from Renhe County, Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou City), and some from Huiji, Zhejiang Province (Shaoxing City) ... But they all come from the Chen clan, and the Wan family still has to trace their roots.

Chen surname in Shaoyang County: Ancestors moved to Tongguang Pingman in Tangzhuang in the second year, moved from Taihe County in Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province to Etang Village in Xinhua, and then moved to Hengyang Mountain in Shaoyang County. Descendants are distributed in Linjinmen, Longhui, Xiangxiang, Wugang, Xupu and other places in Shaoyang County. In the Yuan Dynasty, his descendant Chen Shufu moved to Shaoyang Old Duck Farm. It has been passed down for 53 generations with a population of more than 700,000.

The surname of Chen in Yueyang County is Song Tiansheng, who moved from De 'an to Yuezhou Scissors Pool (after Yueyang No.1 Middle School) and spread to 32 generations, with more than 90,000 people. Its factions are as follows: the first step in Qingyun is to respect books.

Continue to send Yiyuan family heirloom, repair Qi Zanping Guanghua to open Fudan, and the National Day is always new; Ren ju