What festival is the last month of Liudi Pill? What was the custom of the last festival?

Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival, the first lunar month, or Lantern Festival, is the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Lantern Festival is one of the traditional festivals in China and overseas. The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar, called "night". As a "night", the fifteenth day of the first full moon in a year is called the Lantern Festival.

In the ancient customs of China, Shangyuan Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and Xiayuan Festival were collectively called Sanyuan Festival. Lantern Festival began in the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. Emperor China ordered the 15th day of the first month to be the Lantern Festival. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrifice of "Taiyi God" was scheduled for the 15th day of the first month. When Sima Qian wrote taichu calendar, he had already designated the Lantern Festival as a major festival.

Traditional customs include going out to enjoy the moon, lighting lanterns, solve riddles on the lanterns, eating Yuanxiao and pulling rabbit lanterns. In addition, traditional folk performances, such as playing dragon lanterns, lions, stilts, rowing boats, yangko and playing Taiping drums, are included in the Lantern Festival in many places.

In June 2008, the Lantern Festival was selected as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

The origin of this festival

The origin of this festival

The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival. According to legend, Emperor China celebrated the rebellion of the Zhou Dynasty on the 15th day of the first month. Every night, he goes to the palace to play with people. In ancient times, the first month was also called January. Emperor China designated the 15th day of the first month as the Lantern Festival, also known as the Lantern Festival. Sima Qian created the taichu calendar Law and listed the Lantern Festival as a major festival. Since the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been very prosperous. "Every country came to North Korea in the first month. On June 5438+05, they will stop at Jianguomen outside the terminal gate for 8 miles. Tens of thousands of people took part in singing and dancing, from fainting to death. With the changes of society and times, the custom of Lantern Festival has changed greatly, but it is still a traditional folk festival in China.

Lantern Festival is a traditional festival in China, which can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. According to data and folklore, the Western Han Dynasty attached importance to the 15th day of the first month. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sacrificed "Taiyi" in Ganquan Palace on the first night of the first lunar month, which was regarded by later generations as a harbinger of offering sacrifices to the gods in the fifteenth lunar month.

The original intention of the Lantern Festival is "Lantern Festival Night", because the main activities of the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month are to eat jiaozi and enjoy the moon at night. Later, the name of this festival evolved into Lantern Festival. On the night of the Lantern Festival, the streets and alleys are full of lanterns. People look at lanterns, solve riddles on lanterns and eat Yuanxiao, which pushes the celebration of New Year's Eve to another climax and has become a custom from generation to generation. Lantern Festival is only called the fifteenth day of the first month, the first half of the first month, or the moon when early festivals are formed. After the Sui Dynasty, it was called Lantern Festival or Lantern Festival. Influenced by Taoism in the early Tang Dynasty, it was also called Shangyuan. It was only in the late Tang Dynasty that it was occasionally called Yuanxiao. But since the Song Dynasty, it has also been called the night light. In the Qing dynasty, it was also called the Lantern Festival. As we all know, foreign countries also celebrate the Lantern Festival.

Festival commemoration

According to legend, the Lantern Festival is to commemorate the "Pinglu" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After the death of Liu Bang, the son of Lv Hou in the Han Dynasty, Liu Ying became the Hui Di of the Han Dynasty. Hui Di was born weak and indecisive, and power gradually fell into the hands of Lv Hou. After the death of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, he took charge of state affairs and turned Liu's world into Lu's. The veterans and Liu's imperial clan were angry, but they were too scared to speak.

After the riots, ministers made Liu Heng, the second son of Liu Bang, the throne, saying that Emperor Wendi of China was impressed by the hard-won peace and prosperity, so the fifteenth day of the first month was designated as a good day to pacify the "Zhu Lu Rebellion", and every household in Beijing put lanterns to celebrate. Since then, the fifteenth day of the first month has become a popular folk festival-"Lantern Festival".

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial activities of "Taiyi God" were scheduled for the 15th day of the first month. Tai: the god who rules all things in the universe. When Sima Qian wrote "The Music of Sui Shu", he had already designated the Lantern Festival as a major festival.

Torch Festival

Lantern Festival has been a traditional festival in China since ancient times. Lantern Festival originated in ancient times. People held torches in the countryside to drive away insects and animals, hoping to reduce pests and pray for a bumper harvest. To this day, people in some areas of southwest China still use reeds or branches as torches on the 15th day of the first month, and hold torches in groups to dance in fields or wheat fields. Since the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been very prosperous. Thousands of people took part in singing and dancing, from faint to dark. With the changes of society and times, the custom of Lantern Festival has changed greatly, but it is still a traditional folk festival in China.

"ternary theory"

The custom of burning lanterns in the Lantern Festival originates from Taoism's "ternary theory". Shangyuan refers to the full moon night of the first New Year. The recorded Shangyuan Festival originated from Taoist customs. Taoism once said that the fifteenth day of the first month is Shangyuan Festival, the fifteenth day of July is Zhongyuan Festival, and the fifteenth day of October is Xiayuan Festival, which are collectively called "Sanyuan Festival". At the end of Han Dynasty, Wudu Secret Road, as an important school of Taoism, worshipped the three gods of heaven, earth and water. They say God bless the people, local officials and water officials forgive sins, and water officials forgive adversity. They also allocated three yuan to three officials. They said that the official of heaven and earth was born on the 15th of the first month, the official of land and water was born on the 15th of July, and the official of land and water was born on the 15th of October. In this way, the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival. Wu Zailu of the Southern Song Dynasty said, "The fifteenth day of the first month, that is, the first day of the New Year, is the birthday of God bless the people at the end of the Yuan Dynasty." Therefore, Lantern Festival requires lanterns.

Worship Buddha in Ming Di

Originated from Buddhism. This statement is mainly found in taichu calendar, edited by Hu Shensheng: "In Buddhist teachings, fire is compared to a powerful Buddha, while the chronicle has the saying that' infinite flame shines infinitely'. In Buddhist teachings, the lamp has always been one of the sacrifices before the Buddha. In addition, Buddhist classics have been publicized many times: "Repent the sin of 100,000 lamps" and "The human lamp is as you wish". Every Buddhist pageant should be brightly lit. According to Buddhist legend, the fifteenth day of the first month is related to the story of the Buddha changing his name. According to "300 Questions on Social Customs", on February 30th, 65438, that is, the 15th day of the first month in the East, Sakyamuni showed the changes of ghosts and gods to the West. In order to commemorate the Buddha's transformation, a lantern burning ceremony was held on this day. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, modern Buddhists came to the East to give lectures, and Emperor Han Ming ordered the Buddha to light a lamp in the temple on the fifteenth day of the first month to show it to the Buddha himself. Since then, the Lantern Festival has become a common custom. " However, some scholars believe that this view is untenable. Buddhism only uses people's holiday atmosphere to expand its influence on this day.

folk custom

China has a vast territory and a long history, so the customs of Lantern Festival vary from place to place, among which eating Yuanxiao, watching lanterns and dancing dragons and lions are some important folk customs.

Han folk custom

eat yuanxiao

Yuanxiao is eaten on the fifteenth day of the first month. As a kind of food, Yuanxiao has a long history in China. In the Song Dynasty, a novel Yuanxiao food was very popular with people. This kind of food was originally called "Piaoziyuan" and later called "Yuanxiao". Merchants are also called "Yuanbao". Yuanxiao is a kind of "sweet dumplings", which contains sugar, roses, sesame seeds, bean paste, cinnamon, walnuts, nuts, jujube paste and so on. Make stuffing with glutinous rice flour.

Lantern Festival is a traditional festival custom, which began in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the wind of light prevailed throughout the ages and spread to future generations. The fifteenth day of the first month is the climax of the annual fireworks show. Therefore, the Lantern Festival is also called "Lantern Festival". In the county-level city walls and even towns and villages in Shanxi, these residents are concentrated and busy. Before the fifteenth day of the first month, the streets were covered with lanterns and flowers, and the lights were swaying, reaching a climax on the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day of the first month, "Watching Lights" became a folk group in Shanxi.

Spontaneous activities, such as palace lanterns, animal lanterns, lanterns, bird lanterns, etc. In order to attract people to watch lanterns in the street on the fifteenth night of the first month. Taigu county is famous for its lamps. Taikoo lamp is famous for its variety, exquisite production and beautiful appearance.

Solve riddles; Solve riddles; solve lantern riddles; guess riddles on hanging lanterns

Lantern riddle, also known as playing riddles, is a traditional folk entertainment activity with strong national style unique to China, and it is a characteristic activity of Lantern Festival spread since ancient times. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, traditional folks hang lanterns and set off fireworks. Later, some nosy people wrote riddles on paper and pasted them on colorful lanterns for people to guess. Because solve riddles on the lanterns can enlighten wisdom and cater to the festive atmosphere, many people respond, and solve riddles on the lanterns has gradually become an indispensable program for the Lantern Festival. Lantern riddles add to the festive atmosphere, showing the intelligence and wisdom of ancient working people and their yearning for a better life.

Play with dragon lanterns

Playing dragon lanterns, also known as dragon lanterns or dragon dancing. Its origin can be traced back to ancient times. Legend has it that as early as the Yellow Emperor's time, in a large-scale Puritan song and dance, there was an image of a leading bird performed by one person, and then a dance scene interspersed with six dragons was arranged. The recorded dragon dance is the Infinite Life Sutra written by Zhang Heng in Han Dynasty. The author vividly describes the dragon dance in the narration of 100 scripts. According to "A Brief History of Monks and Monks", Yang Di's "Huanglongbian" is similar to the dragon dance in hundreds of plays, and it is also wonderful. Dragon dancing is very popular in many places in China. The Chinese people think that the dragon is a symbol of good luck.

walk on stilts

Walking on stilts is a popular folk art performance. Stilts, one of the hundreds of ancient plays in China, appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. The first person who introduced stilts to China was Liezi Fu Shuo: "People who had orchids in the Song Dynasty used their skills to work in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Song and Yuan asked him to show his skill.

lion dance

Lion dance is an excellent folk art in China. Every Lantern Festival or party, people will dance with lions to help them. This custom originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It has a history of 1000 years.

"Lion Dance" began in Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in Tang Dynasty. Also known as "lion dance" and "peace music". Usually three people do it. Two people dressed as lions, one as the lion's head, one as the lion's hind legs and one as the lion's guide. There are also differences between folk dance and military dance. Literature shows the gentleness of the lion, shaking its hair and rolling around, while martial lions show the ferocity of the lion.

row

Rowing a dry boat, folklore is to commemorate Dayu who has made great contributions to water control. Rowing a dry boat, also known as running a dry boat, imitates the performance of a boat on land. Most of the dry boat drivers are girls. A boat is not a real boat. It is made of two thin wooden boards, sawed into a boat shape, tied with bamboo and wood, wrapped with colored cloth, and tied to the girl's waist. It's like sitting on a boat, paddling, running, singing local songs, singing and dancing with paddles. Sometimes another person will dress up as a boatman and play with his companions, and most of them will dress up as a clown and amuse the audience with various interesting actions. Boating is very popular in many places in China.

Sacrifice to the door and family

There were "seven sacrifices" in ancient times, including two. The method of sacrifice is to insert poplar branches above the door, put a pair of chopsticks in a bowl filled with bean porridge, or put wine on it.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, a fairy came to a family named Chen and said to them, "If you can sacrifice to me, let your silkworms have a good harvest." . Later formed a custom.

Send children's lights

It is called "sending lanterns", also called "sending lanterns" and so on. That is to say, before the Lantern Festival, the bride's family sent lanterns to her newly-married daughter's family, or ordinary relatives and friends sent lanterns to her newly-married infertile family, in order to increase Ding's good luck, because "Deng" is homophonic with "Ding". This custom exists in many places. In Xi city, Shaanxi province, there is a Lantern Festival from the eighth day to the fifteenth day of the first month. In the first year, I sent a pair of palace lanterns and a pair of painted glass lanterns. I hope my daughter has a bright future and a son after marriage. If the daughter is pregnant, in addition to the big palace lantern, one or two pairs of small lanterns will be sent to wish her a safe pregnancy.

pay attention to

Zigui is also called Gucci. In the north, it is called toilet valley and pit valley. In ancient folk customs, the 15th day of the first month is the day to offer sacrifices, divination, sericulture and record everything to Zigui, Ce Shen. Legend has it that Zigui was originally a concubine and was envied by older women. On the fifteenth day of the first month, she was killed in the toilet and became a toilet god. On the night of welcoming Zigui, people tied the portrait of Zigui with straw and cloth. Meet him in the pigsty in the bathroom at night. This custom is very popular in the North and South, and it was recorded as early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Experience various diseases

"Walking through all kinds of diseases" is also called walking through all kinds of diseases, dispelling all kinds of diseases, grilling all kinds of diseases, crossing bridges and so on. It is an activity to eliminate disasters and pray for blessings. On the night of Lantern Festival, women go out together. When they saw the bridge, they thought it could cure diseases and prolong life.

This is a custom in the north since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some occurred in 15, but most of them occurred in 16. On this day, women in holiday clothes went out of their homes in droves, crossed the bridge into the city to look for their children, and didn't come back until midnight.