Secret: Qin Shihuang's "burning books and burying Confucianism" was only fooled by fortune tellers.

Introduction: Qin Shihuang established the centralized Daqin Empire, personally read a large number of documents every day, and devoted himself to managing this huge empire. Many of his decrees were praised and praised by later generations. However, in the handling of the two matters, his practice was condemned by the later generations with one voice. These two things, one is "burning books" and the other is "burying Confucianism". In the history of China, burning books and burying Confucianism was almost inseparable from Qin Shihuang. Speaking of Qin Shihuang's cruelty, we must burn books to bury Confucianism; When it comes to the death of Qin Ershi, it is necessary to burn books and bury Confucianism; When it comes to absolutism in the history of China, it is necessary to burn books to bury Confucianism; When it comes to the catastrophe in China's cultural history, we have to talk about burning books and burying Confucianism. Qin Shihuang and burying Confucianism in books always appeared together in the history of China. So, how did these two things happen? How should we evaluate burning books and burying Confucianism today? In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), a grand banquet was held in Xianyang Palace, and seventy doctors collectively raised their glasses to propose a toast to Qin Shihuang. This grand occasion touched Qin Shihuang. Chief physician Zhou delivered a speech to Qin Shihuang on behalf of the doctor. He said that in the past, the land of Qin was only a thousand miles away, located in the west, and relied on your majesty's mind to calm the sea and expel the conference semifinals. Nowadays, wherever the sun and the moon shine, they obey the king. The former vassal land has been replaced by today's counties, and everyone in the world is happy, and there is no more suffering from war. Daqin empire can be passed down forever. Since ancient times, no one can match your majesty's reputation and weeds. Although I know that Zhou is just flattering me, this congratulatory message is also true, and Qin Shihuang is naturally flattered. Suddenly, he said, "Zhou Chenqing, what is your intention to insult your majesty!" " "The reprimand came from the doctor's phalanx, and then a man came out. Ministers were frightened to disgrace. Qin Shihuang was taken as a pledge and poured a cold water, in a good mood. Holding back his anger, he found that it was Dr. Chun Yuyue of Tiki.

Chun Yuyue said, I heard that the Shang and Zhou Dynasties were circulated for thousands of years because they made their descendants and heroes princes to assist the royal family. Now your majesty owns the world, but the king's children have no room for size. What if a minister, like Tian Chang of Qi State, usurped the power of the Jiang Dynasty without the help of governors? In my opinion, no dynasty can be in power for a long time without imitating the ancients. Zhou's flattery to your majesty's face can only aggravate his mistake. Zhou Chenqing is not a loyal minister (I heard that King Yin Zhou is over 1000 years old, and he has made great contributions to support himself. Now, although your majesty has a family, his children are ordinary people, and his soldiers are ministers of Tian Chang and Liu Qing. How can he save you without help? No one listens to those who can not learn from the past for a long time. Today, I am proud of your faults, not loyal subjects!

After Chunyuyue's clear voice said the above remarks, the whole court immediately became quiet. Ministers all know that Tian Daiqi was a great event in the early years of the Warring States Period. The founding hero of the Zhou Dynasty was the first monarch of Qi, so the monarch of Qi was Jiang. After Tian came to Qi, he gradually developed. Tian used small fights to win people's hearts, and the people of Qi rushed to the door of Tian's family, and Tian's power was increasing day by day. In the end, Tian eliminated the influence of other clans and replaced Jiang as the monarch of Qi in 378 BC. This is an example of a famous monarch in the history of China being replaced by a non-Qing nationality. Chunyuyue is worried that if Qin fails to honor his children, similar incidents will happen in the future. Chun Yuyue's point of view is very clear, that is, to restore the feudal system, which is actually directly aimed at the county system of Qin Shihuang.

When Qin Shihuang heard Chun Yuyue's words, he deeply felt that he had violated his county system and was very angry. He immediately put away his smile. Because Chunyuyue is alarmist, it involves the question of whether Jiangshan of Daqin Empire will be named Won in the future, so he suppressed his anger and told his ministers to submit the matter to the court for discussion. In fact, Qin Shihuang's anger is quite understandable. People often say that "it makes you happy when you smell it", but where in this world is "it makes you happy when you smell it"? But no normal person has "heard". It is normal to "smell it and get angry", and "smell it and get unhappy" is a person with high cultivation.

Prime minister Reese was the first to stand up and refute. Reese is tit for tat against Chun Yuyue's point of view. There are two main points to refute:

First, the king after France should not be the king before France. The five emperors ruled the world in different ways, and the methods of governing the country in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were not completely followed. They all ruled the world according to their own conditions. It's not that san huang's three generations deliberately did something unconventional, but that they lived in different times, so their methods of governing the country were different. Now your majesty has started a great career and established eternal achievements, which is beyond the understanding of ordinary fools. What's more, Chun Yuyue is talking about Xia, Shang and Zhou, so how is it worth emulating? At that time, the princes competed for hegemony and recruited tourists. Now the world is settled and the law is unified. People should work hard to cultivate the land, and scholars should study the law.

Second, private schools are forbidden to eliminate objections. Now some people don't learn from today's people, but only learn from the ancients, criticizing this world and disturbing people's hearts. I dare say a word: in ancient times, the world was in chaos, and no one could unify the world, so the princes merged with each other, discussing the past and not discussing the present, and jumping to conclusions. People only know how to use what they have learned to discredit the emperor's new system. Now the emperor rules the whole country, and private schools criticize state affairs. When I heard the imperial edict, there were many discussions, either duplicity or gossip. Advice is just a name, and it is smart to be unconventional. If this situation is not prohibited, then the emperor's dignity will decline and a clique will be formed to seek personal gain. Therefore, prohibition is the best policy.

I beg your majesty's approval: not all the historical books written by Qin historians have been destroyed. Not for the needs of the post of doctor, all the hidden poems, books and books that a hundred schools of thought contend are handed over to the county magistrate's office for centralized destruction. Whoever dares to hide or gather people to talk about "poetry" and "books" will be put to death, and whoever dares to ignore the past will exterminate the nation. Officials who failed to report information committed the same crime. Those who are ordered not to destroy within 30 days will be hanged, and the punishment will be Cheng Dan (Cheng Dan is a criminal law, with a sentence of four years, guarding the city during the day and building a city at night). Medicine, divination and agricultural books are not prohibited. In the future, if someone wants to learn laws and regulations, he will follow the official (I asked historians to burn them all. Those who are not doctors dare to have hundreds of languages in the world, such as "poetry" and "books", learn to keep them and burn them. Some people who dare to speak "poetry" and "books" abandon the market. Think of the past as a family that is not the present. Those officials are all guilty of the same crime if they don't mention it. If it doesn't burn for the next 30 days, it will be a city. Don't go, books such as medicine, divination and tree planting. If you want to study law, you should take an official as your teacher.