/kloc-how did Italian art form and develop in the 0/8th century?

/kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, Italian art schools showed a declining trend. At this time, only the Venetian School continued to maintain a certain prosperity, but it was still a complex school, mainly including the late Baroque, classicism, Rococo and Caravaggionism.

G. Crespi (1665— 1747) is a painter of bologna school. Because he is good at showing the change of light in paintings, people often call him Rembrandt of Italy. Influenced by the academic school in his early days, and later by Caravaggionism and Venetian painting school, he attached great importance to depicting the characters' hearts in his artistic creation, and the characters in his paintings often had a strong flavor of life, such as several works he painted, The Woman Catching Fleas. In these works, he depicts a woman catching fleas, which is very humorous and interesting. The masterpiece is a self-portrait (about 1700). The death of St. Joseph, the baby slaughter, the washerwoman, the baptism of Christ (17 12), etc.

In the18th century, a painter named F. Sipper was active in Lombardy. Judging from his surname, his ancestral home may be Germany. His main creative activities are from 1705 to 1736. He is a very distinctive painter who is good at depicting the life of the lower class. The characters and living environment in his works are completely realistic, with a simple local flavor. His representative works include The Leather Shoemaker, The Textile Woman, The Grinder, Mother and Son, etc.

A. Magnus (1667— 1749) is a painter of Genoa school. His art is romantic and dramatic. Influenced by the late Baroque style, he mostly painted some turbulent situations or some stormy scenery. On these occasions, the characters are a little deformed, and most of them show impatience. His coastal scenery and the baptism of Christ (1730). Mountain scenery, magpie training and so on are such works.

/kloc-The Venetian school of painting in the 0/8th century was still full of talents, and many famous European artists emerged.

G.B. Piazzetta (1682— 1754) is a painter with obvious baroque tendency in Venetian school. He studied painting in Venice in his early years, then studied art from Keres in Bologna, and became the president of Venice Academy of Fine Arts on 1750. He is good at making zenith paintings with colorful and magnificent compositions. Besides zenith paintings, his easel paintings are also exquisite. These paintings are magnificent and crystal clear, obviously inheriting the tradition of Venice painting school. In some pictures, things are lively and interesting, full of life breath. The representative works on the easel include The Prophet's Lady (1740), Rebecca by the Well (1738- 1740), Young Flag Bearer (about 1743) and so on. He is also a very good illustrator, who illustrated Tasso's book "Liberated Jerusalem".

/kloc-in the 8th century, the outstanding and well-known painter of the Venetian school was G.B. Tiepolo (1696-1770), who was one of the most influential painters of the Venetian school and was good at zenith painting, easel painting and printmaking. He was born in a captain's family and studied painting with Grada Lini in his early years. Renaissance art had a great influence on him, and he admired Titian, Tintoretto, Willoni and others. 17 17 years old, he became famous and painted all over Italy, 173 1, 1737. 1740, he went to Milan three times, in addition to Bergamo, Vicenza and other places, where he created a large number of zenith paintings and altar paintings. His third zenith painting "The Sun God on Mount Olympus" for the local priest's palace in Milan (1740) is an excellent work with brilliant picture, open space and rich imagination. The picture depicts the sun god driving a carriage from Olympus, only to see the sun shining and breaking through the dark sky. The carriage of the sun god seems to be coming out of the wall, and its action has an irresistible trend. During the 1940s-1950s, in addition to many murals, some exquisite easel paintings were created, among which the representative works included the altar painting "Carrying the Cross", "Metzet dedicates the art of freedom to Augustus the Great" (about 1743- 1750) and "Triumph of Amfetrida" (about/kl). Here, he described the historical scenes of ancient Rome, one of which was "The Banquet of Queen Cleopatra". The plot on the screen is that the queen expresses her love to the famous Roman Anthony at the banquet. Interestingly, the characters in the picture are dressed in16th century Renaissance clothes, and the buildings in the background are also Renaissance style, which shows that the painter has nostalgia for Renaissance art and the glorious history of Venice in16th century. 1750 65438+In February, Tiepolo was invited to paint in Wü rzburg, Germany, accompanied by his two sons. He created famous murals and zenith paintings for the main tutors here. The zenith paintings and murals in the Imperial Hall of the Bishop's Palace are based on a period of medieval history, depicting the wedding and gift ceremony of the Germanic emperor Barbarossa. Later, he painted a zenith painting for the front hall of the Bishop's Palace, depicting the four continents in the world in a symbolic way: the woman riding an elephant represents Asia, the woman riding a camel represents Africa, the woman riding a crocodile represents America, and the woman symbolizing Europe sits majestically on a marble throne. In addition, they painted China, Indians and Moors. Wilzburg's works won him great honor. /kloc-0 returned to Venice at the end of 753, and 1756 was elected president of Venice Academy of Fine Arts. 1762 In April, the prestigious Tiepolo was invited to Spain. In Spain, the zenith painting was first made for the throne hall of the palace, which is called "the triumph of the Spanish dynasty". In this work, the rule and majesty of the dynasty are praised, and the Catholic gods and pagan gods are painted together. This is very bold. In addition, he made a series of zenith paintings and murals for the palace and some altar paintings for the church. 1770 died in Madrid on March 27th. Tiepolo's works are rich in themes. Besides religion, myth and history, he also created some genre paintings, which are often humorous, such as The Wanderer. He is also a distinctive copperprinter.

R Karila (1675— 1757) is an outstanding venetian female painter. She is a famous color portrait painter in European courts. Her artistic style is lyrical and delicate, gentle and graceful, with the characteristics of rococo art. 1705 became an academician of St. Luke's College in Rome, and was successively elected as an academician of Bologna College and Paris Sculpture and Painting Institute. 1719-1721once lived in Paris, and her talent was praised by Hua tuo at that time. Representative works include pastel painting Di Anna, Portrait of Dancer Balbarie kabani and Self-portrait (about 1730).

G.B. Pitoni (1687— 1767) is also a rococo painter of Venetian school, and his works are often mistaken for those of Tiepolo. 1727 was elected as an academician of Bologna College and is one of the most popular painters in Europe. He is the director of 1758 Venice Academy of Fine Arts. He created many colorful zenith paintings and easel paintings, such as Bath in Di Anna and Di Anna and Endymion.

Painters close to rococo style can also cite J. Amin. Gao Ni (1675- 1752) and Pi Ji Lang (P. Lonshi, 1702- 1785) and others. Ji Lang is good at describing the leisurely life of the upper class, and his works are simple in style. Elegant and funny, his representative works include Concert (1740), Dance Teacher, Rhinoceros (175 1), fortune teller and so on.

/kloc-The landscape paintings of Venice School in the 0 ~ (th) century were particularly famous, and a series of famous landscape painters emerged. At that time, a kind of landscape painting depicting urban scenery rose in Venice. This kind of landscape painting depicts the architecture and customs of the city. It's called Viduta. The landscape painting of Vedanta Pagoda existed as early as the Renaissance, but in the18th century, it showed a greater development trend and became more mature.

Among landscape painters, Canale (1697- 1768) should be mentioned first, but people often call him canaletto. He went to Rome in his twenties, and then went to England twice. His paintings have a certain influence on English landscape painting, and he was awarded the title of academician of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Canaleda's landscape paintings are simple in style, full of local flavor and have the characteristics of Venice. Representative works include Venice greets the French Ambassador (about 1724), the square in front of the e Ballard Church in Sangiovani, Venice, the masons' yard (about 1730) and the scenery overlooking the island of Saint Michel. He also often makes his own works into copperplate prints.

Canali's nephew or nephew B. Belloteau (1720- 1780) is also a famous landscape painter. His main activities are in Germany, Austria and Poland. His works are famous for their freshness and liveliness, including Scenery in Dresden (1748) and New Market in Dresden (1747- 1755). Aerial view of Vienna (1760), Warsaw scenery (1779- 1780), etc.

Another famous landscape painter, F. Gualdi (1712-1793), has a unique style and his works are more romantic. He is very good at describing external light, and the rich changes of external light have caused the crystal tone on the screen. In his works, people can often see the humid sky in Venice, where the atmosphere flows, and the sun occasionally shines gently through the clouds. The representative works include Scenery of Venice Square and Palace, Scenery of Venice (1780), Flying Balloons in Groups (1784), gondola on Salt Lake (about 1787), Concert, Repulse Bay, etc.

A. Canova (1757— 1822), the most famous classical sculptor at the end of18th century, was a figure in the artistic transition to19th century. 1768 1774 He studied art in Venice, and his teacher was Toletti. In the 1980s, his art was well-known at home and abroad. 18 10 was elected president of Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He once carved several portraits for Napoleon, which was greatly appreciated by Napoleon. His early style was influenced by the late baroque, and later he turned to the neoclassical art road around 1779. Apart from portraits, most of his works are based on mythological themes. These works are elegant, solemn and beautiful, and the carved figures have the characteristics of rounded lines, smooth lines, quiet movements and natural gestures. One of his masterpieces, Cupid and Psyche (also known as Cupid's Kiss) (1796) is such a work. His masterpieces include the sculpture of Pope Clemente XIV's mausoleum (1787), the sculpture of Pope Clemente XIII's mausoleum (1792), Poerxiusi (180 1), and pauline bonaparte Borghez dressed as Venus. All these works are made of marble.