What flower is vanilla?

The scientific name is freesia.

Other standard names are freesia refracta in Latin, freesia refracta Klatt in English and vanilla in Chinese.

Alias freesia, tuberose, cymbidium, small valley, cymbidium and cymbidium.

The name of the flower comes from the color of vanilla, which is pure without snow and quiet and beautiful as blue, hence the name vanilla.

This family belongs to iris and vanilla.

About five kinds of herbs belong to the same related species. Common vanilla has been widely planted in all parts of China. But its flowers are small, its stems are short, its colors range from green to bright yellow, and its varieties are monotonous. At present, vanilla cultivated in China is mostly artificially improved. Their flowers are bigger and more colorful than before, with more flowers on their stems, thicker petals and rich fragrance.

Origin and main distribution originated in southern Africa and is now widely cultivated.

morphological character

Perennial bulbous herbaceous flowers. Underground bulbs are bulbous, scaly, oval or conical, with a diameter of 1 cm to 5 cm. Generally, a mature bulb has four nodes, and each node has 1 axillary bud. Stems slender, about 40 cm high, branched; There are several lobules, 6 basal leaves to 10, which are arranged in a linear sword shape; Flowering stems are usually solitary or erect, slender and slightly twisted, with terminal spikes. Most flowers are on the upper side of inflorescence axis or inclined. Each inflorescence usually has 5 ~ 7 flowers, ranging from 2 flowers to 9 ~ 10 flowers, which open in turn. The flowers are narrow funnel-shaped, slender and erect, fragrant, with unequal petals, and the colors are milky white, bright yellow, yellowish green, red, pink, blue, purple, purplish red and multicolor. The natural flowering period is February-May, the fruit bears fruit after flowering, and the fruit matures in June-July.

Growth habit

Vanilla likes warm, humid and sunny environment, and the suitable temperature is 15℃ to 25℃, which is suitable for growing in loose and fertile sandy loam. Family planting, usually 2/3 peat soil plus 1/3 fine sand for artificial cultivation. Short sunshine is beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of vanilla, while long sunshine can lead to early flowering. Sufficient fertilizer and water are needed in the growth period. Organic liquid fertilizer can be applied once every two weeks, and compound fertilizer can also be applied in moderation. Pot soil should be dry and wet, without water accumulation and too dry.

type

Breeding adopts sowing or transplanting bulbs. Sow indoors in autumn, and it takes about 2 weeks to germinate. It takes about 3 to 4 years for seedlings to bloom.

Bulb planting method

For indoor potted plants, bulbs are usually planted in early September. Pots with a diameter of about 20 cm should be made of well-ventilated pottery pots, and seeds should be made of strong balls. Before planting balls, soak them in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl solution for 65,438+0 ~ 2 hours, and each pot can plant 5 ~ 7 different seeds to improve the ornamental effect. Can be a variety of pots, but also can be a variety of pots.

After planting, cover the soil with 2cm ~ 3cm, spray water in the shade, and germinate in about 15 days. After germination, move the flowerpot to the sun for curing, and then move it to a sunny room before frost. The room temperature should be controlled at 10℃~ 18℃, the soil should be kept moist during the growing period, and the thin bean cake water should be applied once every half month. Vanilla is more resistant to chemical fertilizers. If the fertilizer and water are right, the flowers are big and fragrant. It takes about 10 week to blossom 12 week. During this period, the temperature should be controlled at 8℃ to 10℃, watering should be properly controlled, fertilization should be stopped, and the flowering period should be prolonged. Dormancy after flowering, when the leaves are dry, bulbs should be taken out in time for storage. The storage temperature was 25℃ for 3 months after harvesting, and then moved to 65438 03℃ and 65438 0 months until sowing.

The bulb of vanilla is similar to the bulb of lily, which can be stored at -2℃ for a long time and can be planted in greenhouse at any time. Generally speaking, it takes 40 to 50 days from planting bulbs to flowering. It can be planted in time according to the demand of flower market and supply fresh cut flowers for a long time. If it is necessary to bloom in the Spring Festival, potted plants can be planted in early February, May Day and early March at 65438+. Vanilla stems are thin and prone to lodging, so it needs support when potted. After the flowers withered, the watering gradually decreased. When the stems and leaves wither, stop watering, dig out the bulbs, dry them for a short time, and then store them at low temperature.

cultivate

It is better to add 20% ~ 50% humus soil to well-drained, loose and fertile soil or culture soil. Sow in mid-August of 10 to early October of 10, with mid-September as the best. Pot sowing covered with soil is about 2 cm. Consider how to cover the ground with glass or plastic film and install heating equipment in winter, then plow the land and apply sufficient base fertilizer. The weather is still hot after sowing, so shade and keep the soil moist. When the temperature turns cold after emergence, you should try to receive direct sunlight, and often loosen the soil, weed and topdressing, and apply total element compound fertilizer every 10 day. Generally, it will not suffer from cold damage above 0℃, but before the frost comes, greenhouses or plastic greenhouses should be built to avoid freezing damage. When flower buds appear, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied to irrigate roots or foliar fertilizer.

In order to supply flowers for a long time, the cultivation methods of heating and cooling bed can be implemented. The room temperature should not be high at first, but it should be 5℃ to 10℃, and then it should be gradually increased to 15 to 18℃, so that flowers can bloom around the Spring Festival. Cold bed cultivation, covering with straw curtains in the morning and evening to prevent freezing damage, and flowering in March-May of the following spring. It is easy to grow white when it exceeds 20℃ in winter, and the corolla is thin and small, which is not good-looking.

Vanilla grows healthily and generally has no pests and diseases. Potted plants should be tied up with pillars only when flowers are prone to lodging. After flowering, the water should be reduced. When the leaves turn yellow, the bulbs should be dug out, fully dried and stored in a ventilated, dry and dark place. In full bloom, flowers of different colors are selected and artificially pollinated repeatedly. When the seeds are ripe, they are harvested and sown, and they will emerge one month later. Strengthen management, when they bloom that year, it is expected to obtain new varieties of other colors. Normal management is carried out after flowering, and the stems and leaves turn yellow from June to July. After the plants turn yellow, stop watering, dry the pot soil, put it in a cool and ventilated place, and take it out for replanting in autumn.

In addition, in the indoor cultivation process of vanilla, plants tend to be weak and grow in vain. When pulling the pedicel, use wooden sticks to support the pedicel to prevent the pedicel from bending and affecting the ornamental value. In order to prevent it from growing in vain, the way to promote "dwarfing" is to treat the seed ball with "paclobutrazol" before sowing, which can get excellent results. The method is to soak the stored seeds/kloc-0 for 5-20 hours with 80ppm of "paclobutrazol" solution before potted in autumn, take them out and wash them with clear water, and then put them into a pot for normal watering and other management. After treatment, the vanilla seedlings are neat, the leaves are dark green, the width of the leaves is increased, the length is reduced, and the fragrance is more intense after flowering.

Pests and diseases and their control

Vanilla is prone to mosaic and ball rot. Prevention and control methods: Thoroughly disinfect the soil and bulbs when planting, and completely replace the pot soil every year. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids. At the early stage of aphid occurrence, 40% omethoate 1500 times solution or 90% trichlorfon solution can be sprayed for control.

Potting technique

From August to September, select medium-sized vanilla seeds, put them in 1500 times carbendazim solution for disinfection 1-2 days, and take them out and dry them in the shade for later use. The culture soil is made of humus soil, pastoral soil, fine river sand and decomposed organic fertilizer, and the seed balls are planted in flowerpots with the diameter of 18 ~ 20cm, with 6 ~ 7 seeds in each pot. After putting the washbasin away, water it. After flooding, cover it with soil for 2-3 cm and place it in the shade. After half a month, seedlings began to emerge, and then the flowerpot was moved to the sun. Before frost, move the flowerpot indoors, ensure sufficient sunshine, control the room temperature at 10 ~ 18℃, keep the soil moist, and apply thin bean cake water once every half month. Vanilla is more resistant to chemical fertilizers. If the fertilizer and water are right, the flowers are big and fragrant. Therefore, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened in the growing season. It is necessary to properly control watering when entering the flowering period, stop fertilization, so as to prolong the flowering period and water less after flowering. In May and June of the following year, the leaves turn to Huang Shi, and watering is stopped to facilitate the bulb to mature.

App application

Xiangxuelan is like lily, its leaves are like orchids, its color is elegant, delicate and delicate, its fragrance is rich and its flowering period is long. It is a favorite indoor ornamental flower in winter and spring, and there are many varieties of gardening. Commonly used potted plants or cut flowers, put in bottles, are ideal potted flowers for decorating living rooms and study rooms.

In addition, the common name of vanilla is "ginger flower", and its fragrance has the functions of calming the nerves, eliminating fatigue and promoting sleep.

Arima

Flower language: purity

Huabu: Your innocent and sweet face is like an innocent girl in a painting. You don't eat human fireworks, you don't know that people are sinister. It is dangerous to be overwhelmed by sweet words and indulge in picturesque love. You should learn to protect yourself and be vigilant.

Hua Yan: You should know that happiness and pain, sadness and regret are hidden behind love.

Sowing in autumn and flowering in winter. Get married before falling in love.