What is the real Liu Bei in the official history? How good is it?

Liu Bei is a positive figure in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the official history, Liu Bei has done many vicious things and is a hypocrite. There are two kinds of comments on Liu Bei in history books. One is that Liu Bei is a fickle villain, and the other is that Liu Bei is a benevolent gentleman. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms respects Liu and despises Cao. In fact, Liu Bei in the official history is not so noble. So what kind of person is Liu Bei? Why did Luo Guanzhong pursue him?

Liu Bei, a descendant of the Han royal family, was born in poverty and lost his father when he was young. The mother and son make a living by selling mats and slippers. There is a mulberry tree in the southeast corner of Liu Beijia, which is more than 50 feet high. From a distance, it looks like the hood of a carriage. People who come and go think this tree is extraordinary, and this family must be a noble person in the future. There is a record in the annals of the Three Kingdoms:? See Tong Tong making car covers in the distance, all because of this extraordinary tree? . Because this tree is quite famous, this village was named Lousang Village. Most residents of Lousang Village are surnamed Liu. Where are these people surnamed Liu from? This should start in Liu Sheng.

Liu Sheng is the half-brother of Emperor Liu Che and the eighth son of Emperor Han Jing. Liu Sheng was made king of Zhongshan in 154. Hanshu records:? It's better to be happy than drunk. There are 120 people? Liu Sheng likes to marry beautiful women and drink, and has 120 sons.

There is no historical record about the number of wives and concubines in Liu Sheng. One of Liu Sheng's 65,438+020 sons was named Serina Liu, who later settled in Zhuozhou. The residents of Lousang Village are all descendants of Serina Liu, so it is estimated that Liu Bei does have Han royal blood.

Liu Bei was ambitious and wanted to be Emperor Liu Bei since he was a child. The word Xuande comes from Laozi's Tao Te Ching. The explanation of Xuande is as follows: Liu Bei is born without existence, walks without reliance, and grows without killing? .

It means having children but not taking them for yourself. Seek benefits without relying on helping others. It is a noble character to be a hegemon, but not bully others and respect others.

Judging from Liu Bei's name, Liu Bei's parents have high hopes for Liu Bei, who has been ambitious since childhood and wants to fight for his own world. According to the reflection? According to "Biography of the Emperors", Liu Bei, a young boy, made great contributions when enjoying the cool under the mulberry trees with his playmates. I must use this feather to build a car? Volunteers.

In ancient times, people of any status paid attention to what kind of carriage to ride. Liu Bei told his playmates that he would ride in the carriage of the Emperor in the future. A child of a few years old is so ambitious, which shows that Liu Bei is ambitious and wants to dominate by himself, not by others.

Liu Bei is an ungrateful generation. There are two kinds of evaluation records of Liu Bei in history books.

The first one came from Lu Bu's subordinates, because Liu Bei had taken refuge in Lu Bu for a period of time. According to the reflection? Ancestral "Pei Songzhi Notes Heroes": How many times is it difficult to keep it? Liu Bei is an ungrateful and capricious villain.

Another evaluation comes from Yuan Shao's History of the Three Kingdoms? "Ancestral" is recorded in Pei Songzhi's commentary "Di Xian Chun Qiu":? Does Liu Xuande Hongya have faith? . Liu Bei is a gentleman who stresses credit and loyalty. The two evaluations are completely opposite, but they are not contradictory. Liu Bei is ambitious and wants to do something by himself. He doesn't want to depend on others all his life. For the host who took Liu Bei in, it is naturally difficult to support him again and again.

If Liu Bei wants to be emperor, he can't do it alone. He needs to recruit talents to help him realize his ambition. Therefore, he really has confidence in Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Zhang Guan followed Liu Bei all his life, and Guan Yu later went to Liu Bei alone. All three of them have historical records? Sleep together? Three brothers sleep in the same bed.

Speaking of Liu Bei, an ungrateful person, we should start with his relationship with Lu Bu, although Lu Bu has? Slave's third surname? Question, but he has repeatedly rescued Liu Bei when he was in danger.

In AD 196, Yuan Shu sent his general Ji Ling to crusade against Liu Bei, who was far inferior to Yuan Shu in strength, so Liu Bei turned to Lu Bu for help. When Ji Ling saw Lu Bu coming to support him, he dared not make a move, so he invited Lu Bu to drink with him. Lu Bu said to Ji Ling:? Xuande is my good brother. I came to save him today. I set up a halberd outside Yuanmen. If I can hit the halberd, you two will become friends. If you miss, you can do whatever you want. If anyone objects, I will kill him with another family. ?

It is said that on the day when Yuanmen shot the halberd, there was a strong wind outside, but Lu Bu hit the tip of the halberd with an arrow, and Ji Ling was stunned. I didn't expect Lu Bu to be so fierce, so Ji Ling withdrew. This time, Lu Bu saved Liu Bei's life. Although Lu Bu had a bad personality, he did save Liu Bei's life. However, Liu Bei did not come to his rescue when he was in danger.

1September, 1998, Cao Cao led an army to crusade against Lu Bu, and Peng Cheng soon fell. When Cao Cao besieged Pengcheng County Pool, Chen Gong, Lu Bu's counselor, suggested that while Cao Cao was besieging Pengcheng County, he should send troops to attack Cao Cao in the south, so that he was caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Lu Bu agreed at first, but later Lu Bu's wife said that in the past, Cao Cao regarded Chen Gong as one of his own, but Chen Gong betrayed Cao Cao and took refuge in us. The general is not as good to Chen Gong as Cao Cao, and Chen Gong cannot be trusted. ? Lyu3 bu4 narrow-minded, suspicious and sick, and a little conceited. Besides, the generals are suspicious of each other. Cao Caobing arrived in Pi City and was killed. Commander Chen Lian was shot dead on the spot. Lu Bu realized that Cao Cao was powerful, so he took the turtle tactic and hid.

At this time, Cao Cao sent a letter to Lu Bu, telling him to choose, surrender or die. Although Lu Bu is brave and invincible on the battlefield, he has a very big weakness, that is, he is afraid of death. Of course, Lu Bu wanted to surrender, so as to save the life of the whole family.

As for surrender, Chen Gong is strongly opposed, because he supported Lu Bu to Yanzhou and offended Cao Cao. If Lyu3 bu4 surrenders, Cao Cao will not let him go. Knowing that Lu Bu was afraid of death, Chen Gong threatened Lu Bu and said that Cao Cao lied to you. He will still kill you after you surrender. ? Listen to Chen Gong, Lyu3 bu4 has been hesitant.

In the same year 1 1 month, the weather became colder and colder. Cao Jun has been away for two months, and he is very tired. So Cao Cao thought of a clever plan. At the intersection of two rivers in Xiapi City, the water flow is relatively large. Cao Jun dug ditches and irrigated Xiapi City with Yishui and Surabaya, which led to Xiapi City falling into a Wang Yang.

In December, there was civil strife in Lu Bu's army, because when Cao Cao was at war with Lu Bu, Lu Bu abused his men, so Hou Cheng, Song Xian and Xu Wei betrayed Lu Bu together. General Song Xian secretly took down the painting halberd of the White Gate Tower while Lu Bu was not paying attention. Also tied Chen Gong and Lyu3 bu4' s valiant soldier Seibel together, and then defected to Cao Cao.

At this time, Lu Bu boarded the tower and looked down. The river is flooded inside and outside the city, and there is little hope. In desperation, he chose to surrender. After Cao Cao captured Lu Bu, Lu Bu begged for mercy and said, Isn't your master most afraid of the enemy? Now I surrender, and there is no threat to you. If you take me in, I will do my best for you, help you lead the cavalry, help you conquer the world and make you invincible. ? Cao Cao hesitated because he loved talent. Which master doesn't love talents? When Cao Cao hesitated, Lu Bu also hinted to Liu Bei that Liu Bei wanted to save him, but when Cao Cao came to ask Liu Bei for advice, Liu Bei did not repay him for saving his life in the past, but said to Cao Cao: If I can't see Ding Yuan, what about Dong Zhuo? ? Did your master forget Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo?

Ding Yuan was a vassal in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and Lu Bu was originally under Ding Yuan. Ding Yuan trusted him very much, was very close to him, and treated Lu Bu like his own child. Knowing that Ding Yuan trusted Lu Bu very much, Dong Zhuo lured Lu Bu to kill Ding Yuan. Lyu3 bu4 cut off Ding Yuan's head and gave it to Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo not only occupied Ding Yuan's territory, but also Ding Yuan's confidant Lu Bu. Dong Zhuo is very kind to Lu Bu and trusts him very much. Later, Stuart Wang Yun provoked Lu Bu to kill Dong Zhuo, but Dong Zhuo didn't expect to be killed by the person he trusted most.

Liu Bei said that he wanted to kill Lu Bu. Liu Bei knows Cao Cao's weakness and suspicious nature. Cao Cao is afraid of Lu Bu. Liu Bei said that Lu Bu naturally had no retreat. At this time, Lu Bu was angry and cursed Liu Bei. Big Ear Thief, who am I shooting halberd at Yuanmen for? ? Big Ear Thief refers to Liu Bei and Liu Bei. They have two characteristics: big ears and long arms. Cao Cao finally let Lu Bu's men strangle Lu Bu with a belt, leaving him with a whole body.

It can be seen that Liu Bei was not loyal. Finally, he added fuel to the fire and killed Lu Bu. Why did Liu Bei do this?

Because Lu Bu took him away from Xuzhou, he hated Lu Bu's guts. If Lu Bu hadn't occupied Xuzhou, he wouldn't have taken refuge in Cao Cao and lived in the sponsor's house. Liu Bei felt that everything was Lu Bu's fault. Instead of saving him, he added fuel to the fire and let Lu Bu go to a dead end.

Lu Bu's people were not appreciated by Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. If Lu Bu dies, Xuzhou can get it back, and Liu Bei may go back to Xuzhou as a shepherd. Therefore, on the issue of interests, Liu Bei is vicious and disloyal at all.

Liu Bei was unfaithful and jumped ship ten times in his life. When the 18th Route Warlord begged Dong Zhuo, he wanted Yuan Shao to take him and watch the fun, but Yuan Shao didn't. Cao Cao once said that Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Liu Bei have the appearance of dragons and tigers. In fact, Cao Cao was kind to Liu Bei. However, after the 18th Route warlord begged Dong Zhuo, Liu Bei quickly jumped ship, betrayed Cao Cao, changed his master, and had many conflicts with Cao Cao. Later, Liu Bei came to take refuge in Cao Cao, who took him in regardless of the past.

However, Liu Bei is ambitious and unwilling to be left behind. He tried his best to get rid of Cao Cao, and later he killed Cao Cao's general Che Zhou. Liu Bei jumped back and forth ten times, so he was unfaithful to his master.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes Liu Bei's betrayal of his younger brother Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang's men repeatedly provoked Liu Bei's men, so Liu Bei's men suggested attacking Yizhou and Liu Zhang, but Liu Bei was in Renyi's territory and didn't want to attack his brother. Later, Liu Zhang's men attacked Liu Bei's headquarters and killed him. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, this is the reason why Liu Bei launched the mutiny. In fact, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms originally respected Liu and demoted Cao, and Liu Bei in the official history was not so noble.

So how is Liu Bei's betrayal of Liu Zhang recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms?

In 2 1 1 year, Liu Zhang was terrified when he heard that Cao Cao was going to crusade against Zhang Lu. At this time, Zhang Song, Liu's counselor, told Zhang that Cao could talk to Zhang anytime with Zhang Lu in the north. Our army is not good. You and Liu Xuande are brothers of the Empire, so you can form an alliance with him. Besides, I heard that Liu Xuande was kind and loyal. ? Liu Zhang believed Zhang Song and led the wolf into the room. Liu Zhang is Liu Bei's elder brother according to his seniority.

In 2 12 AD, Cao Cao went south to attack Sun Quan, and Sun Quan turned to his brother-in-law Liu Bei for help. Liu Bei didn't want to support Sun Quan, but his mind was in Yizhou and Liu Zhang. So Liu Bei wrote to Liu Zhang and told him that Guan Yu's army was no good. If Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou now, it would be Yizhou's turn. Liu Bei's lion opened his mouth and borrowed 10,000 horses and a lot of food from Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang wants you to borrow money to borrow soldiers on my site. It cost so much at once, but Liu Zhang didn't dare to offend him, so Liu Zhang only lent Liu Bei 4,000 soldiers and half of the food. In fact, Liu Zhang has been very kind to Liu Bei, who has been in Yizhou for a year. Not only did he not help to destroy Zhang Lu in the north, but he also needed money and soldiers to increase the burden on the people. In fact, Liu Bei just wanted to borrow Liu Zhang's money to expand his power. Liu Zhang, of course, dare not borrow ten thousand soldiers. Liu Bei is not like when he entered Sichuan in Yizhou. He is very powerful and popular. What if he didn't support Sun Quan, but borrowed 10,000 troops to attack his own Yizhou?

In fact, Liu Bei's excuse for borrowing soldiers is not established, and Cao Cao's crusade against Sun Quan is not cheap. Cao Cao withdrew in the first month of the following year, and Guan Yu of Jingzhou had nothing. On the pretext of Liu Zhang's meanness, Liu Bei attacked Yizhou in Liu Zhang.

Zheng Du suggested to Liu Zhang that Liu Bei was alone in Yizhou, and there were not many troops, so there was no hay and troops to make up for it. If the people withdraw and burn the hay at this time, the war with Liu Bei will be avoided, and Liu Beihui will give up because there is no hay. Because of Liu Zhang's kindness and love for the people, he didn't want them to suffer, so he didn't use Zheng Du's coup against Liu Bei. During the war, the Yizhou generals kept surrendering and losing ground, which made Liu Zhang disheartened.

In 2 13 AD, Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Yizhou with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. At this time, Ma Chao saw the threat from the other side and surrendered to Liu Bei. Liu Zhang could no longer resist and surrendered.

The reason why the Romance of the Three Kingdoms touted Liu Bei was that the Han Dynasty was orthodox. Liu Bei is a descendant of the royal family in the Western Han Dynasty. In fact, anyone who wants to win the world in history has similar strategies. If he wants to win the world, he is not ruthless and thick-skinned. How can he get a share in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms?