During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's view on marriage changed. With the appearance of Neo-Confucianism, this system has been reinterpreted and philosophized, covering all fields. Especially in the ethical construction, the concept of marriage and family has been discussed a lot. Under the guiding ideology of preserving righteousness and destroying human desires, the importance of the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members has been repeatedly emphasized, and the festival is the first of the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members. Cheng Yi once said that starvation is a trivial matter, and humiliation is a major matter, and Zhu even put it into action. When he served as Tongan county magistrate, he ordered the local illegal marriage to be banned. When you see a woman in public and go back and forth in the city, you must have a lotus towel when you go out. He also stipulates that men and women are not allowed to be together, day and night. However, there is still a process from the theory of Neo-Confucianism to the reality of social life, especially when the commodity economy is relatively developed and the market is relatively prosperous in the Song Dynasty, there will inevitably be a huge class of citizens, and life on the street is also colorful. Therefore, there is still a certain distance between the development direction of marriage and family in Song Dynasty and the idea of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism: 1. The secularization of marriage life, if there is a legacy of marriage in Wei and Jin Dynasties, then marriage in Song Dynasty is not about family status. The emerging civilian landlords stepped onto the political stage. When choosing a spouse, they don't. I don't want to choose your spouse, but I want Confucian scholars to be their son-in-law. Family background, family status, family expectations and rural relations are no longer the primary conditions for marriage. Although this is still an interest marriage, the focus has shifted to the man. Talents and development prospects. Royal families and bureaucrats will not marry famous families, such as Lv Mengzheng and Han Qi. 2. The concept of chastity is not strict. For example, Wang Anshizi, Wang's wife Ponzi, couldn't stand her husband's suspicion and quarrel, so she found a husband and remarried. Fan Zhongyan's mother remarried and brought her up, so Fan Zhongyan changed her surname to Zhu and later changed her mouth. After the queen Cao married into the Li family, she was at odds with her husband and fled over the wall to her family to remarry. 3. The status of women has been improved. Some women from bureaucratic families have the conditions and freedom to read and write articles and write poems; There are also some people who have made great achievements in politics, such as Cao Empress, Gao Empress, and Xie Empress. They listened to politics and supported the crumbling Song Dynasty. In view of the talent of women in the Song Dynasty, some people said with emotion: the spirit of heaven and earth is not for men in the world, but for women. Not only that, when marriage was formed, more attention was paid to property, and many women married off. Therefore, the status of women in the family rises with the control of the economy and has certain authority. So there are also some essays recorded by fierce women among the literati. For example, Hong Mai Rongzhai's article mentioned Liu, the wife of Chen Jichang in the Northern Song Dynasty. When Chen Jichang entertained guests and prostitutes, Liu Shi picked up a stick and made a scene. Compared with the past, the folk marriage customs in Song Dynasty have some characteristics: 1. The prevalence of ghost marriage. Ghost marriage is to marry the dead. It was very popular in the Song Dynasty. When unmarried men and women die, parents should hire a ghost matchmaker as matchmaker, and both parents should pray. If you are lucky, you should make a ghost wedding dress, bring food and drink, and go to the cemetery to attend the wedding. 2. Finger belly marriage. Just as breeding population is the foundation of a country's prosperity, most dynasties in traditional society advocated early marriage, which gradually led parents to decide their children's marriage when they were very young. In the Song Dynasty, many parents decided to get married before their children were born. 3. Hire wives and concubines. stop
Hiring a wife is generally calculated by the day, and the wife is used by others at the corresponding price, which is similar to renting a house, that is, the husband rents his wife for free, and the husband and wife still maintain the relationship. However, during the lease period, the employer has sexual relations with the employed wife, and the husband does not have to ask, and the law cannot punish adultery. After the lease expires, the wife returns to her husband. S plane. It can be seen that hiring a wife is to legally occupy a married woman in the form of a man paying rent outside marriage to satisfy her labor and sexual desire. Generally, it is necessary to agree or not to agree on the time limit for hiring a wife. My husband can redeem his wife at any time as long as both parties declare that they are moving rather than buying and selling. The same is true of renting a wife, which is a temporary way to exchange money with your wife. As a dynasty established by Mongols, the Yuan Dynasty was different from the pure Han regime in marriage system, which was mainly reflected in some systems. In order to maintain the purity of their so-called bloodline, Mongolians stipulate that all ethnic groups below Mongolians can marry, but they are never allowed to infringe on their bloodline, that is, other ethnic groups cannot marry Mongolians. Due to the differences in marriage customs, weddings held in the same country should be conducted according to the customs of this country. If it is of different nationalities, it shall be handled according to the custom of the man.