Is there any science in the Book of Changes?

The Book of Changes is the Book of Changes of the Zhou Dynasty in China, which was interpreted by Fuxi and innate gossip in Zhou Wenwang prison, and further interpreted as sixty-four hexagrams. In fact, since the Zhou Dynasty, Zhouyi has made great progress through the continuous efforts and perfection of sages. Modern Zhouyi refers to a set of rich and developed Yi-ology theories, including major works on Yi-ology and image number.

The Book of Changes is China's first compilation of classics, and it is a book that reveals and describes the internal origin law of the universe with the theory of Yin and Yang. Folk call it a wordless gobbledygook.

I ching is very old. Before writing came into being, our ancestors discovered through their feelings about the material world that many things had positive and negative aspects, such as day and night, men and women, hard and soft. In order to describe these two aspects, they drew two simplest symbols: "-"and "-". At first, these two symbols must have been drawn casually, but they just represented the meaning without a name. Later, they were called Yang (-) and Yin (-). About the emergence of these two symbols, some books on Zhouyi say they are symbols of male and female genitals, while others say they are symbols of day and night. In fact, they do not specify that thing, but describe two things or two opposite aspects of one thing. Mao Zedong said that everything is divided into two parts, which is the positive and negative side of things. In the words of our ancestors, this is the negative and positive side of things. Everything has two sides, yin and yang, all of which are made up of yin and yang. At the same time, everything can be divided into yin and yang. Yin and Yang are the abstract classification and description of the material world by our ancestors. With their deeper understanding of the material world, our ancestors will certainly feel powerless. Through further observation, according to the Book of Changes, our ancestors looked up at astronomy, looked down at geography, and took things far and near, and found the law of the image of everything, that is, everything was basically similar according to categories. Some have more yang, some have more yin, some have external yang and internal yin, and some have internal yin. So all things (mainly substances at first) are classified, and the results can be divided into eight categories. Everything is classified, and nothing can't be classified into these eight categories. In order to describe these eight kinds of substances, eight symbols are used to represent them. These eight symbols are composed of yin and yang, and later they are called the eight symbols of gossip. This is the origin of gossip. For some books studying the Book of Changes, it is inaccurate to say that the river draws a picture, Luo draws a book, and the sage Fu Weizhi draws gossip, which makes people feel mysterious about the origin of gossip and is not conducive to the scientific propaganda of the Book of Changes. These eight symbols are our ancestors' understanding and description of the material world. It was the writing at that time, and it was the ancestor of writing. Later, the ancestors found that not only the material world conforms to the classification and laws of gossip, but also the spiritual world can be described by gossip. In the monograph Zheng Qing Qigong, the author points out that the material world belongs to the Yang world and the spiritual world belongs to the Yin world. Both the yin and yang worlds conform to the classification and laws described in the gossip. According to this, Yisheng Zhou Wenwang further deduced that Fuxi's innate gossip describing the material world of nature was transformed into acquired gossip including the spiritual world, which could describe nature and society at the same time. What we are applying now is the Eight Diagrams of King Wen. With the progress and development of mankind, the interaction between the spiritual world and the material world has increased, and the process and result of change can no longer be clearly classified and described by just eight hexagrams (symbols). Therefore, according to the laws of the development of these two worlds, Zhou Wenwang further interpreted the Eight Diagrams of King Wen into sixty-four hexagrams (August 8th). From then on, the laws of movement and development of all things are included in it, and nothing can escape from it. The development of modern science has also confirmed the sixty-four hexagrams and the natural society of the universe. For example, the sixty-four hexagrams are consistent with the genetic structure and combination of organisms. It can be said that King Wen was engaged in great scientific research at that time. His classification, induction and summary of everything in the natural society, as well as his revelation and description of the laws of movement, change and development are so rigorous and accurate, and have such a strong vitality that they have lasted for thousands of years, which is unmatched by the achievements of the modern so-called Nobel Prize in Science. Sadly, some people describe the scientific research achievements of our ancestors as feudal superstitions. How ignorant and pathetic. Many modern sciences are based on and inspired by Zhouyi theory, and the invention of binary computer is a notable example. But some people forget their ancestors and the roots of our science and culture in China. When they grow up, they doubt their origins. Man is the product of the combination of yin and yang of his parents. Can we say that their parents' combination of yin and yang is superstition? The origin of Zhouyi is scientific, and this origin is not clear, which is often easily regarded as superstition.

To discuss whether the Book of Changes is scientific, we must first verify whether the founding process of the Book of Changes is scientific. The word "science" cannot be confined to a narrow sense. Science in a broad sense refers to organized and systematic knowledge and learning. Mr. Wang Wei has a clear definition in On the Basis of Science. He pointed out: "Only the integration of knowledge is science." "Integration is to organize, systematize and refine knowledge." The narrow concept of science is limited to natural science.

In view of this, what I want to say is: The Book of Changes, from its original source to the formation of characters, is the preparation, planning and annotation of distant ancestors along the extreme of measuring the sun shadow, representing the eight diagrams of Yin and Yang, the symbol of sixty-four hexagrams, and recording Oracle Bone Inscriptions's Oracle Bone Inscriptions step by step, which is not only the accumulation of experience, the practice of forging ahead and succeeding, but also the crystallization of wisdom, completely in line with the above quotation. The following are just some arguments collected in a short time. Although they need to be constantly enriched, as far as the only arguments are concerned, they are archaeological, classical and historical, so there is no lack of vividness and certainty.

A, vertical rod shadow measurement

1. "Li Zhouxia's View of Stuart II": "The method of returning the soil, measuring the depth of the soil, looking at the sun, in order to get the land. In the south, the scenery is short and the weather is hot; In the north, the scenery is long and cold; The east is sunny and windy; In the west, it's sunny and cloudy. The scenery of the solstice is five inches long, which means that in the land, heaven and earth contain it, and the four seasons are in harmony, the wind and rain are in harmony, and the yin and yang are in harmony. "

"Li Zhou Xia Guan Sima Si": "Tu family; Master the law of soil and even the scenery of the sun. " So "scenery" is "shadow". This means that the shadow of the summer solstice is one foot and five inches long. When the ancients used the summer solstice as the standard to measure the sun shadow, because the sun shadow from summer solstice was the shortest, the earth gauge made of the length of the sun shadow from summer solstice was short, light and easy to use. By continuously measuring the length of two consecutive summer solstice shadows, we can find out the length of the tropic year and further calculate and judge the season.

2. Zhou Biao suan Jing: "Zhou Biao is eight feet long, and the summer solstice is one foot six inches." Zhou Li Kau Gong Ji: "Man is eight feet long". In Xia Benji, Yu described himself as a man. The ancients were eight feet long, so the word "husband" was later circulated. This is the evolution of the original method of measuring time, position and season with numbers.

3. In the word "Bu", "│" means a watch pole and ""means a shadow of the sun; The word "hexagram" means to measure the shadow of the sun with "Gui".

Second, the plan and strategy

1. "Laozi Chapter 27": "Those who are good at counting don't count."

2. Chips: counting utensils, mostly made of bamboo. Original meaning, ancient bamboo sticks used to throw pots. From bamboo, from longevity sound. Old bamboo has a long life. Have a certain age and a certain number of cuts.

3. Policy (book) A, gold and seal. Pictographic, like the shape of a book. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Calligraphy is also influenced by Wang Ye. Like a long one and a short one, there are two shapes inside. " Computing tools.

4. Numbers, seal pictophonetic characters. From the branch (hand) to the building (continuous), you can count them one by one.

5. "Cohesion": "…"

6. In Qin's Shu Shu Jiu Zhang, Volume 1: "Big Yan Class, Slight Gua", another way of thinking is put forward (see the second series of International Studies on Yi ology, P 18 1, and Professor Kawahara Hideyoshi of the Department of Literature of Tokyo University, Japan has a paper "Qin's Yi Learning Method"). Originally published in China Thought History Research No.6, 1984. )

7. Regarding the origin of numbers, Hanshu Legal History Historical Records: "Since Fuxi painted eight diagrams, it began with numbers."

8. Archaeological discoveries in Yin and Zhou Dynasties did have the discovery of digital hexagrams. Elementary scholars talk about several problems of signing from the digital symbols of Shang and Zhou Dynasties (Archaeology 198 1, No.2, Zhang's interpretation of the divinatory symbols in the early Zhou Dynasty) (Journal of Archaeology 1980, No.4).

9. Mr. Jiang Shuqing, who is famous for studying painted pottery, said in "Revealing the Patterns of Ancient Painted Pottery": "The discovery of digital hexagrams in Yin and Zhou Dynasties shows that the eight diagrams symbols and their origins are indeed related to the counting method, and it also shows that Fuxi's tradition of drawing hexagrams is credible." But at the same time, he pointed out: "The gossip symbols are expressed in the form of numbers, which is beyond the scope of simple counting. The arithmetic legend written by Li Shou used in the calculation has a considerable time distance from the origin of numbers. Therefore, the origin of numbers should be more distant ancient times in the legendary Fuxi era. " (It should be ancient)

Third, texture, literary color, culture and civilization.

1.cohesion's biography: "Looking up like a sky ...".

2. Professor Wang: An Outline of the Image of Yi and Its Modern Significance (see P284, the fourth series of the International Book of Yi Studies) first put forward the image of Yi, that is, the image thinking. The article said: "The way to change begins with image and comes from image. Without elephants, it is not easy. "

"Fu xi how can draw gossip? It is said that it is' looking up at astronomy and overlooking geography'. However, these two sentences are too profound, and there is a' mystery' that cannot be ignored. For example, what are' astronomy' and' geography'? How to understand the so-called' observation' and' inspection'? These are fundamental big problems. "

3. The concepts of "culture", "culture" and "civilization" appear repeatedly in the Book of Changes, such as:

(1) dry classical Chinese: "Seeing the dragon in the field, the world is civilized."

(2) "Kun Liu Wuxiang": "Huang Shang Yuanji, the text is in the middle."

(3) "Little Livestock Elephant": "Popular in the sky, small livestock, a gentleman is virtuous."

(4) Fan Yi: "Civilization should be healthy and upright."

(5) "Da": "Its virtue is profound and civilized, and it should be done according to the sky."

……

Chinese and foreign scholars have different definitions of culture and civilization, all of which are above 140. In recent years, I have studied the brushwork of literary color in the painted pottery graphics of Dadiwan culture, and found that literary color originated from the direct imitation of natural texture by ancestors. The ancients said that "rocks have veins", and textures are very common in nature, such as clouds in the sky, ripples on the water surface, textures of leaves, tree rings, wrinkles and fingerprints. After the ancestors showed the "lines" of nature on pottery, painted pottery culture came into being, and then the painted pottery era represented by painted pottery culture came into being, which brought painted pottery civilization (social enlightenment and enlightenment).

Fourth, conformity, divination and writing are easy.

1. After two symbols of yin and yang, eight diagrams and sixty-four hexagrams are produced.

(1) On the Book of Changes: "It is easy to have Tai Chi, which means that there are two instruments, and the two instruments give birth to four images, and the four images give birth to gossip, which will determine good and bad luck, and good and bad luck will give birth to great cause."

(2) Zhou Li's big supplement: "The method of three changes, one is Lianshan, the other is returning to Tibet, and the third is Zhouyi."

(3) "Cohesive Biography": "Gossip in a column, like it. Therefore, it is very important to be in it. "

(4) Shuo Gua Zhuan: "The concept of change is determined by Yin and Yang."

(5) Qu Wanli's Yi Gua originated from Gui Bu Kao, and Yu's Yi Gua Yi Ci Times and its authors all think that ancient divination is burning tortoise shells, and judging good or bad luck depends on the texture of the burnt tortoise shells. And he carved on the Oracle bones the things he occupied and the Oracle that was later fulfilled. It spread to Shang Dynasty and became more popular.

(6) Historical Records of Zhou Benji: In King Wen's prison, Yi Bagua is sixty-four hexagrams.

The above shows that the formation of Zhouyi is organized and systematic. From original creation to standardized writing, it is the crystallization of experience and wisdom in various eras for thousands of years.

Taking the explanation of a copula as an example, it further illustrates the scientific nature of the Book of Changes.

The saying goes, "One yin and one yang are the Tao."

Shuowen: "The Tao is also the Tao." On both sides of the road, yin and yang are divided. The division of yin and yang stems from the movement of the sun shadow. Move, easy also. The word "Yi" comes from heaven, not from heaven; Phonetic change The shadow of the sun moves, and yin and yang are in mutual position, which is change; There are no simple laws and simple rules in the law of variation. It can be seen that "Yi" began with the movement and measurement of the sun shadow, and after thousands of years of evolution, it developed into the writing Yi, and its process always runs through organized and systematic experience accumulation and knowledge sublimation.